CN116284146A - 联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制备技术领域,涉及一类联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物及其制备方法与应用,尤其涉及一类具有光-化学治疗作用的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物及其药学上可接受的盐,它们的制备方法以及它们的医药用途,特别是在制备针对恶性肿瘤药物中的应用。
背景技术
光动力疗法(PDT)已经成为治疗癌症的有效治疗方法。光动力疗法是一种利用光敏剂在适当波长的光照射下产生活性氧(ROS),氧化损伤肿瘤细胞并抑制肿瘤生长的临床治疗方法。在过去的几年里,已经报道了许多不同的光敏剂,如卟啉、氟硼二吡咯染料和花菁染料,但是它们的光动力治疗效果并不显著。若能将光动力治疗结合药物的化学治疗,将能进一步促进对恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。
钌配合物是目前研究比较重要的光动力治疗药物,通常含有螯合配体,例如联吡啶等,与这些二齿配体配位的钌配合物具有平面性好,可设计性高的特点。然而也存在一些结构不稳定、单线态氧低等问题,需要通过结构改造,优化分子光学与物理学性质,进一步提高其光动力治疗作用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物及其制备方法和应用。该联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物具有近红外荧光特性且对多种肿瘤细胞产生显著的化学治疗和光动力治疗作用,可应用于诊断或治疗恶性肿瘤药物的制备中。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物,该联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物具有下述通式Ⅰ所示结构:
本发明还提供了一种联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物的制备方法,所述制备方法的合成路线如下式所示:
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.5-甲基-1,10-菲啰啉1的5-位上的甲基通过二氧化硒被氧化为醛基得到化合物2,然后化合物2直接硼氢化钠还原得到化合物3,化合物3再与三溴化磷发生取代反应得到化合物4,化合物4与各种氮杂环反应得到化合物5;
S2.2,2'-联喹啉6与水合三氯化钌发生配位反应得到化合物7,化合物5、化合物7和六氟磷酸铵加入水和甲醇的混合溶液中发生配位反应,生成联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物I。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物。
本发明还提供了一种上述的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备诊断恶性肿瘤药物或治疗恶性肿瘤药物中的应用。
进一步的,所述的诊断恶性肿瘤药物包括恶性肿瘤荧光成像药物。
进一步的,所述的恶性肿瘤荧光成像药物为具有线粒体靶向性的近红外荧光成像药物。
进一步的,所述的治疗恶性肿瘤药物为恶性肿瘤化学治疗作用或/和恶性肿瘤光动力治疗作用的药物。
进一步的,所述恶性肿瘤包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌或宫颈癌。
与现有技术相比,本发明专利的优点:本发明以菲啰啉为母核,并且通过亲水性的含氮杂环修饰,合成具有亲水性的新型菲啰啉配体,然后与联喹啉共同制备开发具有光-化学治疗作用的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物,该联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物由于引入了饱和含氮杂环结构,改善了脂水分配系数,具有近红外荧光特性、组织穿透性强,而且具有斯托克斯位移大、组织背景荧光干扰低、光稳定性好和单线态氧量子产率高等优点,不仅可用于肿瘤细胞进行荧光成像,而且对多种肿瘤细胞产生显著的化学治疗和光动力治疗作用,发挥协同治疗效果,能够有效杀伤肿瘤细胞,可应用于诊断或治疗恶性肿瘤药物的制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的化合物的紫外吸收光谱;
图2为本发明提供的化合物的荧光发射光谱;
图3为本发明提供的化合物I2对A549细胞进行共定位荧光成像的结果图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐明本发明,下面给出一系列实施例,这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1:5-((4-哌啶酮)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联喹啉)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I1)的制备
步骤1:5-甲醛-1,10-菲啰啉(化合物2)的制备
将化合物1(5-甲基-1,10-菲啰啉,10mmol,1.940g)和SeO2(30mmol,1.111g)用1,3-二氯苯(10mL)溶解,氮气保护,165℃回流加热3h后。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,待反应液冷却至室温,先将1,3-二氯苯用塑料吸管吸出,剩下的黑色固体用MeOH(10mL×3)洗涤并过滤掉固体,所得滤液与之前的1,3-二氯苯混合,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压旋去MeOH,将粗产品通过柱色谱(氨气MeOH:DCM=1:15)纯化得到白色固体的化合物2(1.873g),产率为90%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.32(s,1H,CH),9.57(dd,J=8.5,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),9.18(dd,J=4.4,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),9.10(dd,J=4.3,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.62–8.53(m,2H,2ArH),7.77(m,2H,2ArH).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ193.5,153.2,150.7,147.6,145.8,140.4,138.4,133.8,130.1,127.2,125.5,124.5.
步骤2:5-羟甲基-1,10-菲啰啉(化合物3)的制备
将化合物2(8mmol,1.664g)用CH3CH2OH(20mL)溶解,搅拌5min后,加入NaBH4(16mmol,0.605g),反应1h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,加1~2滴水淬灭反应,接着减压旋去溶剂,再加入饱和食盐水(30mL),使用DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压旋去有机溶剂得到浅黄色固体的中间体3(1.215g),产率为73%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.01(m,2H,2ArH),8.52(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.39(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.90(s,1H,ArH),7.69(m,2H,2ArH),5.58(m,1H,OH),5.04–4.94(m,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ193.5,153.2,150.7,147.60,145.8,140.4,138.4,133.8,130.1,127.2,125.5,124.5.
步骤3:5-溴甲基-1,10-菲啰啉(化合物4)
将化合物3(6mmol,1.260g)用DCM(20mL)溶解,冰浴搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加PBr3(6mmol,1.624g),继续搅拌10min后,反应液温度恢复至室温,反应12h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,用2mol/L的NaHCO3调节pH至7,然后DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥、减压旋去有机溶剂得到浅黄色固体的化合物4(1.306g),产率为80%。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.00(m,2H,2ArH),8.64(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.34–8.28(m,1H,ArH),7.95(s,1H,ArH),7.74(dd,J=8.0,4.1Hz,1H,ArH),7.65(dd,J=8.1,4.4Hz,1H,ArH),5.02(s,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ149.9,149.5,145.2,144.9,137.0,133.6,133.1,128.2,127.5,126.9,123.8,123.3,29.5.
步骤4:5-(哌啶-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(化合物5a)
将化合物4(4mmol,1.088g),哌啶酮(4mmol,0.396g)和K2CO3(4mmol,0.553g)用MeCN(20mL)溶解,搅拌5min后,滴加入1~2滴DMF,氮气保护,85℃下回流加热12h后。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,加入饱和食盐水(20mL),然后DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥、减压浓缩,柱色谱纯化(氨气MeOH:DCM=1:20)得到浅黄色固体的目标化合物5a(0.815g),产率为70%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(m,2H,2ArH),8.71(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.10(dd,J=8.1,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),7.59(s,1H,ArH),7.52(m,2H,2ArH),3.79(s,2H,CH2),2.41–2.35(m,2H,CH2),1.41(m,6H,3CH2),1.17(s,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.9,149.8,146.4,146.1,135.6,133.7,133.6,128.6,127.9,126.5,123.0,122.5,61.8,54.7,26.0,24.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C18H19N3[M+H]+,278.1657;found,278.1670.
步骤5:二联喹啉二氯化钌(化合物7)
将2,2'-联喹啉(6mmol,1.536g)、LiCl(3mmol,0.127g)和水合三氯化钌(3mmol,0.622g)用无水DMF(25ml)溶解,165℃加热回流8h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,冷却至室温,往反应液中加入150ml丙酮,接着置于0℃条件下过夜。使用滤纸过滤掉溶液,留下固体,用水(5mL×3)和氯仿(10mL×3)洗涤固体,固体真空干燥,然后柱色谱(氨气MeOH:DCM=1:20)纯化得到绿色固体的化合物7(1.108g),产率为54%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(dd,J=8.2,1.2Hz,8H,8ArH),8.26–8.19(m,8H,8ArH),8.14(d,J=8.9Hz,4H,4ArH),7.69(d,J=5.4Hz,4H,4ArH).
步骤6:5-((4-哌啶酮)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联喹啉)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I1)的制备
将化合物7(0.5mmol,0.342g)和化合物5a(0.5mmol,0.145g)用MeOH/H2O(6mL,v/v=1/2)溶解,95℃加热回流4.5h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,冷却至室温,往反应液中加入六氟磷酸铵(2mmol,0.326g)并搅拌10min,搅拌完毕后,使用滤纸过滤掉溶液,留下固体,用三蒸水(5mL×3)和氯仿(10mL×3)洗涤固体,接着固体真空干燥,然后粗产品通过柱色谱(氨气MeOH:DCM=1:25)纯化得到紫黑色固体的目标化合物I1,产率为62%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.42(m,2H,2ArH),9.27–9.12(m,4H,4ArH),8.82(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,ArH),8.61(dd,J=18.6,8.8Hz,2H,2ArH),8.48–8.40(m,3H,3ArH),8.29(dd,J=8.4,1.4Hz,2H,2ArH),7.87(m,2H,2ArH),7.81–7.68(m,3H,3ArH),7.58(m,2H,2ArH),7.39(dd,J=9.0,4.3Hz,2H,2ArH),7.28(m,2H,2ArH),7.18(m,3H,3ArH),7.05(m,1H,ArH),6.91–6.81(m,2H,2ArH),4.07–3.92(m,2H,CH2),2.48(m,2H,CH2),2.40(dm,2H,CH2),2.24(m,4H,2CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ208.3,161.4,160.9,153.2,153.1,151.7,150.0,149.9,146.8,146.2,140.9,139.1,138.0,136.3,135.4,133.1,130.9,130.8,130.4,129.8,129.4,129.0,128.7,128.2,127.9,127.9,127.6,126.6,126.0,125.3,125.1,125.0,123.3,122.1,122.0,60.2,57.4,52.2,21.2,14.5.
实施例2:5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联喹啉)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I2)的制备
(1)制备5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(化合物5b)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用N-苄基哌嗪代替哌啶酮与化合物4反应获得浅黄色固体的化合物5b(1.059g,72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.17(m,2H,2ArH),8.77(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.20(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.70(s,1H,ArH),7.63(m,2H,2ArH),7.35–7.29(m,5H,5ArH),3.96(s,2H,CH2),3.53(s,2H,CH2),2.65(dd,J=6.2,4.7Hz,8H,4CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.1,150.0,146.4,146.2,135.7,133.7,133.0,129.3,129.0,128.4,128.2,127.9,127.2,126.9,123.1,122.6,62.9,61.1,53.0,53.0.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C24H24N4[M+H]+,369.2079;found,369.2083.
(2)制备5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联喹啉)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I2)
参考化合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5b代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得紫黑色固体的化合物I2(0.413g,65%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.41(dd,J=12.4,8.8Hz,2H,2ArH),9.21(m,3H,3ArH),9.14(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),8.71(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,ArH),8.61(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),8.56(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.42(m,3H,3ArH),8.29(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,2ArH),7.85(m,2H,2ArH),7.75(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H,2ArH),7.68(s,1H,ArH),7.58(d,J=7.4Hz,1H,ArH),7.38-7.15(m,13H,13ArH),7.00(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,ArH),6.87(m,1H,ArH),6.80(m,1H,ArH),3.97-3.70(m,2H,CH2),3.56(d,J=13.5Hz,2H,CH2),2.43-1.99(m,8H,4CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ161.46,160.98,153.07,151.73,150.08,146.75,146.21,140.96,139.18,137.97,136.39,133.14,130.42,129.80,129.45,125.18,123.31,122.19,55.38,52.79.
实施例3:测量本发明化合物的紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱
(1)本发明化合物的紫外吸收光谱
以甲醇为溶剂,将本发明化合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用紫外可见分光光度计记录,记录紫外吸收光谱时的温度均为室温,扫描吸收光谱的波长范围为200-800nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。表征它们在甲醇溶液中的紫外吸收光谱如图1所示。从图1中可发现,本发明联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物的吸收光谱在500-600nm范围内有一个很强的吸收峰,这可能是因为金属Ru与配体biq之间的dπ-π*的电子跃迁(MLCT)所引起的。
(2)本发明化合物的荧光发射光谱
以甲醇为溶剂,将本发明化合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用荧光分光光度计以452nm为激发波长记录钌配合物的荧光发射光谱,记录发射光谱时的温度为室温,表征它们在甲醇溶液中的荧光发射光谱如图2所示。扫描发射光谱的波长范围为470-900nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。从图2中可发现,本发明联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物的荧光发射光谱的最大值对应波长出现在700-780nm范围内,荧光的波长达到近红外光范围。
实施例6本发明化合物的单线态氧量子产率测定
我们选择DPBF作为单线态氧捕获剂,溶剂选择的是甲醇。在甲醇中,将412nm处的DPBF的吸光度调节至约1.0;然后,为了减小对照物和待测本发明化合物自身的单线态氧淬灭,将I1、I2和对照物[Ru(bpy)3]2+它们在520nm处的吸光度值调至0.1以下。接着,将位于石英池透光的一面暴露在波长为520nm的激光(40mW)下总共照射5min。在这5min内分不同时间段记录其吸收光谱。扫描波长范围为300-600nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。
以已知单线态氧量子产率的[Ru(bpy)3]2+作为标准,通过以下公式计算了单线态氧量子产率:
ΦT=ΦX(STFX/SxFT)
Φ:单线态氧量子产率;S:以照射时间为x轴,以对应照射时间后DPBF在412nm处的紫外吸光值为y轴进行线性拟合的直线的斜率;F:未知样品和参比标准品的吸收校正因子,F=1-10-OD,OD代表化合物在照射波长下的紫外吸收值;X和T分别代表参考标准品和未知样品。结果如表2所示,我们发现本发明化合物均具有较高的单线态氧量子产率,有助于发挥高效的光动力治疗作用。
表2本发明化合物的单线态氧量子产率
实施例7采用MTT法对本发明化合物的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制率进行测定
按常规采用MTT评价了本发明化合物在黑暗条件下和经过特定波长光照射后对人结肠癌细胞HT29,人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,人肺腺癌细胞A549,人宫颈癌细胞Hela的细胞毒性。MTT法已广泛用于大规模的抗肿瘤药物筛选、细胞毒性试验等。选择[Ru(bpy)3]2+作为阳性对照药。
实验方法如下:取处于指数生长期状态良好的细胞一瓶,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,使贴壁细胞脱落,制成每毫升含2×104~4×104个细胞的悬液。取细胞悬液接种于96孔板上,每孔180μL,置恒温CO2培养箱中培养24小时。换液,加入受试化合物I1和I2以及阳性对照药[Ru(bpy)3]2+(化合物用DMSO溶解后用PBS稀释,受试化合物浓度分别为12.5×10-6mol/L),每孔加入20μL,Dark组直接培养24小时,Light组孵育2h,用520nm激发光光照10min,然后继续培养22小时。将MTT加入96孔板中,每孔20μL,培养箱中反应4h。吸去上清液,加入DMSO,每孔150μL,平板摇床上振摇5分钟。用酶联免疫检测仪在波长为570nm处测定每孔的吸收度,计算细胞抑制率。实验结果如表2所示。
细胞抑制率=(阴性对照组OD值-受试物组OD值)/阴性对照组OD值×100%。
本发明化合物经过肿瘤细胞抗增殖活性测试,药理实验结果表明(见表2),黑暗Dark条件下,本发明化合物I1和I2在12.5μM的浓度下对肿瘤细胞存在不同程度的抗肿瘤活性,而使用波长为520nm(200mW/cm-2)的Led光照射10min后,肿瘤细胞存活率显著降低,显示出更强效的抗肿瘤细胞活性,且明显强于阳性对照药[Ru(bpy)3]2+。由此说明本发明化合物不仅具有光动力治疗作用,而且具有显著的化学治疗作用,具有光-化学治疗作用,协同发挥显著抗癌效果。
表2本发明部分化合物对人癌细胞的存活率%(12.5μM)
ND:未测试。
实施例8采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞荧光成像和细胞器共定位实验
采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞荧光成像和线粒体定位实验,肺癌细胞A549由DEME培养液在激光共聚焦皿中培养12~24h,加入5~20μM的受试本发明化合物,将其放置置于37℃、含5%CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育半小时。接着用pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤3次后,再加入1μM的线粒体染色剂MitoTracker red溶液并继续孵育半小时后用pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤3次,将孵育好的细胞置于共聚焦显微镜的载物台上进行共聚焦荧光成像,设置受试化合物激发波长:λex=500-580nm,发射波长λem=720-780nm。结果图3所示。
根据图3可知,实验结果表明,本发明所述化合物I2能够清晰地对肿瘤细胞荧光图像,且与线粒体探针荧光成像重叠良好,表明本发明化合物能够靶向定位于肿瘤细胞中线粒体。
Claims (9)
4.一种包括权利要求1或2所述的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物。
5.一种权利要求1所述的联喹啉-菲啰啉类钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备诊断恶性肿瘤药物或治疗恶性肿瘤药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的诊断恶性肿瘤药物为恶性肿瘤荧光成像药物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的恶性肿瘤荧光成像药物为具有线粒体靶向性的近红外荧光成像药物。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的治疗恶性肿瘤药物为恶性肿瘤化学治疗作用或/和恶性肿瘤光动力治疗作用的药物。
9.根据权利要求5-8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述恶性肿瘤包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌和宫颈癌中的一种。
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US11897902B1 (en) | 2023-09-25 | 2024-02-13 | King Faisal University | Nano-sized mixed ligand [4-bromo-2-(quinolin-2-yliminomethyl)-phenol imine- phenanthroline] Ru(III) complex for medicinal applications |
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