CN116874533A - 联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
- C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0013—Luminescence
- A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
- A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
- A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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Abstract
本发明属于药物领域,公开了联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物及其制备方法和应用,该联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物具有通式I所示结构:其中选自 Y‑代表卤负离子、六氟磷酸根负离子;本发明的新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物具有线粒体靶向性,接受光照后产生高浓度的活性氧,从而杀伤肿瘤细胞,具有优异的光动力治疗效果和抗肿瘤增殖活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物领域,具体涉及联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
癌症是一种发病率和死亡率较高的恶性疾病之一。光动力疗法是利用光动力效应进行疾病诊断和治疗的一种新技术,已逐渐发展成为治疗局部癌症和非恶性疾病的有前途的治疗方案。
一般情况下,光敏剂本身毒性较低,但经特定波长的光照射后,产生细胞毒性活性氧。高活性的活性氧通过氧化迅速破坏附近的生物分子,包括蛋白质、脂质或核酸,最终导致细胞死亡。近年来已经报道了许多不同的光敏剂,如卟啉、氟硼二吡咯类和花菁类,但是它们的光动力治疗效果并不显著。金属配合物是开发新型光敏剂的另外一个研究方向,基于Pt(II),Pt(IV),Ru(II)等的金属配合物光敏剂已经被报道。
钌金属配合物因其优异的理化性质,在医疗领域中有多种应用,如细胞成像、荧光探针、抗菌、肿瘤治疗等。另外,研究表明双齿配体对过渡金属具有良好的螯合能力,且配合物具有较高的稳定性。因此,设计含有不同结构的双齿配体的新型钌配合物可能会改善配合的光学性质,例如改善荧光成像效果,增加单线态氧产率等。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物及其制备方法和应用,该联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物可实现对肿瘤细胞进行荧光成像,而且能够靶向定位于肿瘤细胞线粒体,发挥对多种肿瘤细胞的光动力治疗效果,可应用于恶性肿瘤诊断试剂或恶性肿瘤治疗药物的制备。
本发明提供了一种联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物具有下述通式Ⅰ所示结构:
其中,R选自 中的一种;Y-代表卤负离子或六氟磷酸根负离子。
进一步的,R选自 中的一种。
进一步的,R及Y选自如下组合:
Y=I;
或者Y=I;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6。
本发明还提供了一种联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的制备方法,所述制备方法的合成路线如下式所示:
所述选自 Y-代表卤负离子或者六氟磷酸根负离子;
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.化合物1的5-位上的甲基通过二氧化硒被氧化为醛基得到化合物2,然后化合物2直接硼氢化钠还原得到化合物3,化合物3再与三溴化磷发生取代反应得到化合物4,化合物4与各种氮杂环反应得到化合物5;
S2.化合物6与水合三氯化钌发生配位反应得到化合物7;
S3.化合物5与化合物7在水和甲醇的混合溶液中发生配位反应,生成联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物I。
本发明还提供了一种上述联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备恶性肿瘤诊断试剂或恶性肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
进一步的,所述的恶性肿瘤诊断试剂为恶性肿瘤荧光成像试剂。
进一步的,所述的恶性肿瘤荧光成像试剂为具有线粒体靶向性的近红外荧光成像试剂。
进一步的,所述的恶性肿瘤治疗药物为用于恶性肿瘤光动力治疗的药物。
进一步的,所述恶性肿瘤包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌和宫颈癌中的一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明考虑到菲啰啉是一类具有平面芳香环的双齿配体,且平面性好,可设计性高,通过对5-甲基-1,10-菲啰啉的5位上的甲基引入不同亲水性的含氮饱和杂环,设计、合成一系列新型的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物,具有近红外荧光和双光子激发特性、斯托克斯位移大、组织背景荧光干扰低、光稳定性好和单线态氧(1O2)量子产率高等优点,不仅改善配合物的脂水分配系数,实现对肿瘤细胞进行荧光成像,而且能够靶向定位于肿瘤细胞线粒体,发挥对多种肿瘤细胞的光动力治疗效果,可应用于恶性肿瘤诊断试剂或恶性肿瘤治疗药物的制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的紫外吸收光谱图;
图2为本发明提供的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的荧光发射光谱图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的化合物I3在Hela细胞中与线粒体探针共定位成像图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的化合物I8在A549细胞中与线粒体探针共定位成像图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐明本发明,下面给出一系列实施例,这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1:5-(哌啶-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I1)的制备
(1)制备5-甲醛-1,10-菲啰啉(2)
将化合物1(10mmol,1.940g)和SeO2(30mmol,1.111g)用1,3-二氯苯(10mL)溶解,氮气保护,165℃回流加热3h后。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,待反应液冷却至室温,先将1,3-二氯苯用塑料吸管吸出,剩下的黑色固体用甲醇(10mL×3)洗涤并过滤掉固体,所得滤液与之前的1,3-二氯苯混合,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压旋去甲醇,将粗产品通过柱色谱(氨气甲醇:DCM=1:15)纯化得到白色固体,即化合物2(1.873g),产率为90%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.32(s,1H,CH),9.57(dd,J=8.5,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),9.18(dd,J=4.4,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),9.10(dd,J=4.3,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.62–8.53(m,2H,2ArH),7.77(m,2H,2ArH).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ193.5,153.2,150.7,147.6,145.8,140.4,138.4,133.8,130.1,127.2,125.5,124.5.
(2)制备5-羟甲基-1,10-菲啰啉(3)
将化合物2(8mmol,1.664g)用CH3CH2OH(20mL)溶解,搅拌5min后,加入NaBH4(16mmol,0.605g),反应1h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,加1~2滴水淬灭反应,接着减压旋去溶剂,再加入饱和食盐水(30mL),使用DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥,减压旋去有机溶剂得到浅黄色固体的化合物3(1.215g),产率为73%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.01(m,2H,2ArH),8.52(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.39(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.90(s,1H,ArH),7.69(m,2H,2ArH),5.58(m,1H,OH),5.04–4.94(m,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ193.5,153.2,150.7,147.60,145.8,140.4,138.4,133.8,130.1,127.2,125.5,124.5.
(3)制备5-溴甲基-1,10-菲啰啉(4)
将化合物3(6mmol,1.260g)用DCM(20mL)溶解,冰浴搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加PBr3(6mmol,1.624g),继续搅拌10min后,反应液温度恢复至室温,反应12h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,用2mol/L的NaHCO3调节pH至7,然后DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥、减压旋去有机溶剂得到浅黄色固体的化合物4(1.306g),产率为80%。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.00(m,2H,2ArH),8.64(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.34–8.28(m,1H,ArH),7.95(s,1H,ArH),7.74(dd,J=8.0,4.1Hz,1H,ArH),7.65(dd,J=8.1,4.4Hz,1H,ArH),5.02(s,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ149.9,149.5,145.2,144.9,137.0,133.6,133.1,128.2,127.5,126.9,123.8,123.3,29.5.
(4)制备5-(哌啶-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5a)
将化合物4(4mmol,1.088g),哌啶(4mmol,0.340g)和K2CO3(4mmol,0.553g)用MeCN(20mL)溶解,搅拌5min后,滴加入1~2滴DMF,氮气保护,85℃下回流加热12h后。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,加入饱和食盐水(20mL),然后DCM(20mL×3)萃取,有机层使用无水Na2SO4干燥、减压浓缩,柱色谱纯化(氨气甲醇:DCM=1:20)得到浅黄色固体,即化合物5a(0.798g),产率为72%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(m,2H,2ArH),8.71(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.10(dd,J=8.1,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),7.59(s,1H,ArH),7.52(m,2H,2ArH),3.79(s,2H,CH2),2.41–2.35(m,2H,CH2),1.41(m,6H,3CH2),1.17(s,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.9,149.8,146.4,146.1,135.6,133.7,133.6,128.6,127.9,126.5,123.0,122.5,61.8,54.7,26.0,24.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C18H19N3[M+H]+,278.1657;found,278.1670.
(5)制备二(2,2'-联吡啶)二氯化钌(7)
将化合物6(3mmol,0.468g)、LiCl(3mmol,0.127g)和水合三氯化钌(3mmol,0.622g)用无水DMF(25ml)溶解,165℃加热回流8h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,冷却至室温,往反应液中加入150ml丙酮,接着置于0℃条件下过夜。将溶液过滤掉,留下固体,将固体用三蒸水(10mL×3)洗涤,固体真空干燥得到紫黑色固体的化合物7(1.161g),产率为80%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.93(d,J=5.5Hz,2H,2ArH),8.63(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,2H,2ArH),8.49(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,2H,2ArH),8.07(m,2H,2ArH),7.75(m,2H,2ArH),7.65(m,2H,2ArH),7.45(s,2H,2ArH),7.12(m,2H,2ArH).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ153.2,134.9,125.7,122.9,122.6.
(6)制备5-(哌啶-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I1)
将化合物7(2mmol,0.967g)和化合物5a(2mmol,0.554g)用甲醇/H2O(40mL,v/v=1/2)溶解,在95℃下加热回流4.5h。薄层色谱法监测反应是否完毕,反应完毕后,冷却至室温,往反应液中加入六氟磷酸铵(10mmol,1.630g),搅拌30min,减压旋干混合溶剂,接着加入三蒸水(2mL),将固体与水混合,用滤纸过滤掉溶液,留下固体,用三蒸水(5mL×3)和氯仿(10mL×3)洗涤固体,固体真空干燥,然后将粗产品用柱色谱(氨气甲醇:DCM=1:20)纯化得到橙红色固体的目标配合物I1,产率为63%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.06(dd,J=8.5,1.3Hz,1H,ArH),8.74–8.65(m,4H,4ArH),8.63(dd,J=8.3,1.3Hz,1H,ArH),8.22–8.10(m,5H,5ArH),8.09–7.99(m,2H,ArH),7.95–7.90(m,2H,2ArH),7.84–7.77(m,2H,2ArH),7.66–7.59(m,2H,2ArH),7.53(d,J=1.7Hz,2H,2ArH),7.31(m,2H,2ArH),4.17–3.95(m,2H,CH2),2.59(s,4H,2CH2),1.62–1.55(m,4H,2CH2),1.49(d,J=5.6Hz,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ157.3,157.3,157.1,151.7,151.6,151.5,151.4,151.3,151.2,147.9,147.3,137.8,137.6,136.5,136.3,134.9,131.0,130.3,129.4,128.0,127.5,127.5,127.4,126.1,125.5,124.2,124.1,60.2,54.4,25.5,23.9.
实施例2:5-((4-甲基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I2)的制备
(1)制备5-((4-甲基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5b)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用4-甲基哌啶代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色色固体的化合物5b(0.861g,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.12–9.03(m,2H,2ArH),8.71(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.10(dd,J=8.0,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.59(s,1H,ArH),7.53(m,2H,2ArH),3.81(s,2H,CH2),2.88–2.75(m,2H,CH2),1.98(m,2H,CH2),1.37–1.26(m,1H,CH),1.22–1.03(m,4H,2CH2),0.82(d,J=6.5Hz,3H,CH3).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.9,149.8,146.4,146.1,135.6,133.7,133.6,128.6,127.9,126.5,123.04,122.6,61.5,54.1,34.3,30.8,21.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C19H21N3[M+H]+,292.1814;found,292.1823.
5-((4-甲基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I2)
(2)制备5-((4-甲基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I2)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5b代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I2(产率为61%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.86(dd,J=20.0,8.1Hz,6H,6ArH),8.17(dd,J=39.8,7.9Hz,7H,7ArH),7.90(d,J=43.8Hz,4H,4ArH),7.63–7.53(m,4H,4ArH),7.36(s,2H,2ArH),3.20(s,2H,2ArH),2.62(d,J=89.1Hz,2H,CH2),1.87(m,4H,2CH2),1.49–1.01(m,3H,CH2,CH),0.92(s,3H,CH3).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,157.0,152.4,152.2,151.9,151.8,147.7,147.1,138.4,138.2,137.0,136.6,135.0,130.7,130.2,128.3,128.2,127.9,126.9,126.4,124.9,124.8,59.9,54.2,53.9,34.4,30.7,22.2.
实施例3:5-((4-哌啶酮)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I3)的制备
(1)制备5-((4-哌啶酮)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5c)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用4-哌啶酮代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色固体的化合物5c(0.815g,70%),不同的是在制备配合物中。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.10(m,2H,2ArH),8.72(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.12(dd,J=8.1,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),7.62(s,1H,ArH),7.56(m,2H,2ArH),3.98(s,2H,CH2),2.78(m,4H,2CH2),2.37(m,4H,2CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ208.7,150.3,150.1,146.5,146.2,135.7,133.5,132.7,128.2,127.7,127.0,123.2,122.7,60.2,53.0,41.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C18H17N3O[M+H]+,292.1450;found,292.1456.
(2)制备5-((4-哌啶酮)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I3)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5c代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I3(产率为67%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.08(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,ArH),8.91–8.75(m,5H,5ArH),8.42–8.33(m,1H,ArH),8.26–8.09(m,6H,6ArH),7.97–7.82(m,4H,4ArH),7.59(m,4H,4ArH),7.46–7.33(m,2H,2ArH),4.27(m,2H,CH2),2.93(s,4H,2CH2),2.42(s,4H,2CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,157.0,152.5,151.9,151.8,147.8,138.4,138.3,137.1,135.0,130.6,130.2,128.3,128.2,127.0,126.5,124.9,124.8,57.7,52.9.
实施例4:5-((4-羟基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I4)的制备
(1)制备5-((4-羟基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5d)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用4-羟基哌啶代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色固体的化合物5d(0.966g,75%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(m,2H,2ArH),8.69(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.10(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.61–7.50(m,3H,CH=C,2ArH),3.84(s,2H,CH2),3.67(m,1H,CH),2.75(d,J=11.8Hz,2H,CH2),2.18(m,2H,CH2),1.97–1.70(m,3H,OH,CH2),1.50(d,J=9.4Hz,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.0,149.9,146.4,146.1,135.7,133.7,128.4,127.9,126.6,123.1,122.6,61.0,51.2,34.4.HRMS(ESI)m/zcalcd for C18H19N3O[M+H]+,294.1606;found,294.1618.
(2)制备5-((4-羟基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I4)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5d代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I4(产率为64%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.07(s,1H,ArH),8.78(dd,J=18.2,8.2Hz,6H,6ArH),8.21–7.96(m,6H,6ArH),7.76(m,4H,4ArH),7.50(m,4H,4ArH),7.28(m,2H,ArH),4.96(s,1H,OH),2.73(d,J=65.1Hz,3H,CH2,CH),2.43(s,2H,CH2),1.98–1.07(m,6H,3CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.27,157.05,151.92,147.77,138.43,138.32,128.34,128.25,124.95,124.85.
实施例5:5-((4-哌啶基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I5)的制备
(1)制备5-((4-哌啶基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5e)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用4-哌啶基哌啶代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色固体的化合物5e(产率为74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.16(m,2H,2ArH),8.78(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.18(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.67(s,1H,ArH),7.61(m,2H,2ArH),3.90(s,2H,CH2),3.00(m,2H,CH2),2.52(m,4H,2CH2),2.31(m,1H,CH),2.08(m,2H,CH2),1.80(m,2H,CH2),1.64–1.49(m,6H,3CH3),1.43(m,2H,CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.0,149.9,146.4,146.1,135.6,133.7,133.4,128.4,127.9,126.5,123.0,122.6,62.7,61.1,53.5,50.2,27.9,26.0,24.5.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C23H28N4[M+H]+,361.2392;found,361.2398.
(2)制备5-((4-哌啶基哌啶)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I5)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5e代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I5(产率为71%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.96–8.74(m,6H,6ArH),8.23–8.01(m,7H,2ArH),7.85–7.72(m,4H,4ArH),7.59–7.39(m,4H,4ArH),7.34–7.19(m,2H,2ArH),3.14(s,2H,CH2),2.43(s,6H,3CH2),2.31–2.00(m,3H,CH2,CH),1.66(d,J=67.8Hz,10H,5CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,157.0,152.4,152.3,151.9,151.8,147.8,147.2,138.4,138.2,137.0,136.0,135.0,130.6,130.2,128.3,128.2,127.0,126.4,124.9,124.8,63.1,58.8,52.3,51.9,49.6,26.2,23.4,21.9.
实施例6:5-((N-甲基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I6)的制备
(1)制备5-((N-甲基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5f)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用N-甲基哌嗪代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色油状物的化合物5f(0.840g,72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(m,2H,2ArH),8.70(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.12(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.62(s,1H,ArH),7.55(m,2H,2ArH),3.88(s,2H,CH2),2.38(s,8H,4CH2),2.22(s,3H,CH3).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.1,149.9,146.4,146.2,135.6,133.6,132.9,128.4,127.8,126.9,123.1,122.6,61.1,55.0,53.0,45.9.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C18H20N4[M+H]+,293.1766;found,293.1763.
(2)制备5-((N-甲基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I6)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5f代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I6(产率为67%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.97(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,ArH),8.90–8.79(m,4H,4ArH),8.76–8.67(m,1H,ArH),8.31(s,1H,ArH),8.22(m,2H,2ArH),8.10(m,4H,4ArH),7.90–7.81(m,4H,4ArH),7.62–7.52(m,4H,4ArH),7.36(m,2H,2ArH),4.25–4.07(m,2H,CH2),3.10(d,J=58.7Hz,8H,4CH2),2.78(s,3H,CH3).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,157.0,152.4,151.8,138.3,137.0,135.2,130.5,130.2,128.62,128.3,127.0,126.4,124.9,58.2,53.1,50.0,42.7.
实施例7:5-((N-羟乙基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I7)的制备
(1)制备5-((N-羟乙基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5g)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用N-羟乙基哌嗪代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色油状物的化合物5g(0.992g,77%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.17(m,2H,2ArH),8.77(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H,ArH),8.21(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.70(s,1H,ArH),7.63(m,2H,2ArH),3.96(s,2H,CH2),3.62(m,2H,CH2,OH),2.59–2.43(m,10H,5CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.1,149.9,146.4,146.2,135.7,133.7,132.9,128.4,127.8,126.9,123.1,122.6,61.1,59.2,57.7,53.2,52.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C19H22N4O[M+H]+,323.1872;found,323.1874.
(2)制备5-((N-羟乙基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I7)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5g代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I7(产率为69%)1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.06–8.71(m,6H,6ArH),8.38–8.08(m,7H,7ArH),7.86(m,4H,4ArH),7.57(m,4H,4ArH),7.37(m,2H,2ArH),4.17–4.06(m,1H,CH),3.55(s,2H,CH2),3.44(s,2H,CH2),2.60(s,6H,3CH2),1.23(s,4H,2CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,157.0,152.4,151.8,147.8,147.2,138.4,137.0,135.0,130.7,130.2,128.2,127.0,126.4,124.9,55.3,29.5,22.5,14.4.
实施例8:5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I8)的制备
(1)制备5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉(5h)
参考化合物5a所述的方法,使用N-苄基哌嗪代替哌啶与化合物4反应获得浅黄色固体的化合物5h(1.059g,72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.17(m,2H,2ArH),8.77(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),8.20(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,1H,ArH),7.70(s,1H,ArH),7.63(m,2H,2ArH),7.35–7.29(m,5H,5ArH),3.96(s,2H,CH2),3.53(s,2H,CH2),2.65(dd,J=6.2,4.7Hz,8H,4CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.1,150.0,146.4,146.2,135.7,133.7,133.0,129.3,129.0,128.4,128.2,127.9,127.2,126.9,123.1,122.6,62.9,61.1,53.0,53.0.
(2)制备5-((N-苄基哌嗪)-N-亚甲基)-1,10-菲啰啉-二(2,2'-联吡啶)钌二(六氟磷酸)盐(I8)
参考配合物I1所述的方法,使用化合物5h代替化合物5a与化合物7反应获得橙红色固体的配合物I8(产率为62%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,2ArH),8.91–8.81(m,4H,4ArH),8.73(d,J=8.2Hz,1H,ArH),8.31(s,1H,ArH),8.22(m,3H,3ArH),8.15–8.06(m,4H,4ArH),7.90–7.80(m,4H,4ArH),7.63–7.53(m,4H,4ArH),7.45(s,4H,2CH2),7.37(m,2H,CH2),4.35–3.90(m,4H,2CH2),2.82(d,J=185.9Hz,8H,4CH2).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.2,152.4,151.8,147.8,147.3,138.3,137.0,135.0,130.6,130.2,129.2,128.3,127.0,126.5,124.9,65.3,60.2.
实施例9:测量本发明新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱
(1)联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的紫外吸收光谱
以甲醇为溶剂,将本发明化合物配成1~10μM样品溶液,使用紫外可见分光光度计记录,记录紫外吸收光谱时的温度均为室温,扫描吸收光谱的波长范围为200-800nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。表征它们在甲醇溶液中的紫外吸收光谱如图1所示。从图1中可发现,本发明联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的吸收光谱在400-500nm范围内有一个很强的吸收峰,这可能是因为金属Ru与配体biq之间的dπ-π*的电子跃迁(MLCT)所引起的。
(2)联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的荧光发射光谱
以甲醇为溶剂,将本发明化合物配成10μM样品溶液,使用荧光分光光度计以452nm为激发波长记录钌配合物的荧光发射光谱,记录发射光谱时的温度为室温,扫描发射光谱的波长范围为470-900nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。表征它们在甲醇溶液中的荧光发射光谱如图2所示。从图中可发现,本发明新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的荧光发射光谱的最大值对应波长出现在600-680nm范围内。
实施例10:测量本发明新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的单线态氧量子产率测定
我们选择DPBF作为单线态氧捕获剂,溶剂选择的是甲醇。在甲醇中,将412nm处的DPBF的吸光度调节至约1.0;然后,为了减小对照物和待测本发明化合物自身的单线态氧淬灭,将I1-I8和对照物[Ru(bpy)3]2+它们在520nm处的吸光度值调至0.1以下。接着,将位于石英池透光的一面暴露在波长为520nm的激光(40mW)下总共照射5min。在这5min内分不同时间段记录其吸收光谱。扫描波长范围为300-600nm,扫描速度为1.0nm/s。
以已知单线态氧量子产率的[Ru(bpy)3]2+作为标准,通过以下公式计算了单线态氧量子产率:
ΦT=ΦX(STFX/SxFT)
Φ:单线态氧量子产率;S:以照射时间为x轴,以对应照射时间后DPBF在412nm处的紫外吸光值为y轴进行线性拟合的直线的斜率;F:未知样品和参比标准品的吸收校正因子,F=1-10-OD,OD代表化合物在照射波长下的紫外吸收值;X和T分别代表参考标准品和未知样品。结果如表1所示,我们从表1中发现本发明新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物中的大部分具有较高的单线态氧量子产率。
表1本发明新型联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的单线态氧量子产率
实施例11:本发明化合物的细胞毒性试验
采用四甲基氮唑蓝比色法(MTT)体外毒性试验评价了本发明化合物对人结肠癌细胞HT29、人肺癌细胞A549、人乳腺癌细胞Mcf-7的光暗毒性。暗毒性实验首先取一瓶处于指数生长期状态良好的细胞,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,使贴壁细胞脱落,制成每毫升含2×104~4×104个细胞的悬液。取细胞悬液接种于96孔板上,每孔180μL,置恒温CO2培养箱中培养24小时。换液,避光下加入受试化合物(化合物用DMSO溶解后用PBS稀释,受试化合物浓度为20μM),每孔20μL,继续避光培养48小时后。将MTT加入96孔板中,每孔20μL,培养箱中反应4小时。吸去上清液,每孔加入150μL DMSO,平板摇床上振摇5min。用酶联免疫检测仪在波长为570nm处测定每孔的吸收度,计算细胞存活率。
光毒性实验方法与暗毒性实验方法基本相同,不同之处是当加入药物培育24h之后,采用光照条件,520nm激光(15mW/cm2)照射10min后,更换新鲜的完全培养液,于培养箱中继续培养24h,然后每孔加入20μL MTT溶液,计算细胞存活率。
实验结果发现本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞的暗毒性较小,然而在特定激光照射后,细胞抑制率大大增加,由此说明本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞具有显著的光动力治疗效果(表2)。
表2本发明部分化合物对人癌细胞的存活率%(20μM)
ND:未测试。
实施例12:采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞荧光成像实验
采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞荧光成像和线粒体定位实验,选用人肺癌细胞A549或人宫颈癌Hela细胞由DEME培养液在激光共聚焦皿中培养12~24h,加入5~20μM的受试化合物,将其放置置于37℃、含5%CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育半小时。接着用pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤3次后,再加入1~5μM的线粒体染色剂MitoTracker red溶液并继续孵育半小时后用pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤3次,将孵育好的细胞置于共聚焦显微镜的载物台上进行共聚焦荧光成像,设置受试化合物激发波长:λex=400-500nm,发射波长λem=600-680nm。
结果表明,本发明所述化合物能够清晰地对人源肿瘤细胞荧光图像,且与线粒体探针荧光成像重叠良好,表明本发明化合物能够有效靶向定位于肿瘤细胞中线粒体(图3和图4)。其中图3为本发明化合物I3在Hela细胞中与线粒体探针共定位成像,图4为本发明化合物I8在A549细胞中与线粒体探针共定位成像。
Claims (9)
1.一种联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物具有下述通式Ⅰ所示结构:
其中,R选自 中的一种;Y-代表卤负离子或六氟磷酸根负离子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R选自 中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R及Y选自如下组合:
Y=I;
或者Y=I;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6;
或者Y=PF6。
4.一种联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的合成路线如下式所示:
所述选自 Y-代表卤负离子或者六氟磷酸根负离子;
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.化合物1的5-位上的甲基通过二氧化硒被氧化为醛基得到化合物2,然后化合物2直接硼氢化钠还原得到化合物3,化合物3再与三溴化磷发生取代反应得到化合物4,化合物4与氮杂环反应得到化合物5;
S2.化合物6与水合三氯化钌发生配位反应得到化合物7;
S3.化合物5与化合物7在水和甲醇的混合溶液中发生配位反应,生成联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物I。
5.权利要求1所述的联吡啶/菲啰啉钌配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备恶性肿瘤诊断试剂或恶性肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的恶性肿瘤诊断试剂为恶性肿瘤荧光成像试剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的恶性肿瘤荧光成像试剂为具有线粒体靶向性的近红外荧光成像试剂。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的恶性肿瘤治疗药物为用于恶性肿瘤光动力治疗的药物。
9.根据权利要求5-8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述恶性肿瘤为乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌和宫颈癌中的一种。
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