CN116283399A - Rice straw and tail vegetable resource utilization fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rice straw and tail vegetable resource utilization fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 74
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 240000000121 Bacillus sp. A5 Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice straw and tail vegetables, and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic fertilizer is prepared from rice stalks and the tail vegetables and is applied to the field, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the bacillus subtilis can accelerate the decomposition rate of the tail vegetables, various substances for promoting plant growth can be produced, the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced after the field is applied, and the crop yield is improved. The sodium metasilicate can supplement silicon element lacking in crop soil, improve the growth condition of rice, improve the resistance and promote stable yield and increase production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of waste resource utilization and fertilizer production, and in particular relates to a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice stalks and tail vegetables, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Along with the improvement of living standard, people have higher requirements on the quality of vegetables while the yield of the vegetables is continuously improved. In order to improve the commercial value of vegetables, the vegetables need to be sequentially subjected to the steps of grading treatment, storage, processing, packaging, transportation, sales and the like from the harvesting stage to the final consumption stage, and a large amount of waste vegetable wastes such as roots, stems, leaves, trays and the like which do not have direct commercial value are generated in the steps, and are collectively called as 'tail vegetables'. Research shows that the tail vegetable contains rich organic matters and nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., and the production of organic fertilizer by utilizing the tail vegetable is an ideal way for resource utilization. Straw is a generic term for the stem and leaf (ear) parts of mature crops. More than half of the photosynthesis products of crops exist in the straw, and the straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, so that the crop photosynthesis product is a multipurpose and renewable biological resource. The reasonable utilization of rice straw and vegetable waste and the improvement of the resource utilization of agricultural waste have been paid more attention.
CN113185342a discloses a method for producing organic liquid fertilizer by utilizing tail vegetables, which mainly utilizes complex enzyme to carry out enzymolysis treatment on the tail vegetables, but the method is complex in operation, and the final fertilizer product needs to consider the influence of the complex enzyme remained in the tail vegetables on plant growth. CN108440132a discloses a method for producing organic fertilizer by carbonizing corn straw, because corn straw carbon has adsorptivity, the utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved by the characteristic of adsorption and slow release, but the method is complicated to operate.
Therefore, the organic fertilizer is prepared by comprehensively utilizing the rice straw and the tail vegetable resources and is applied to returning fields, so that the fertilizer usage amount is reduced, the stable production and supply of agriculture are realized, the green transformation and upgrading of agriculture are promoted, and the method has important environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, wherein the preparation raw materials of the fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables comprise rice stalks, tail vegetables, bacillus subtilis strains and sodium metasilicate.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from rice stalks and the tail vegetables and is applied to the field, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the bacillus subtilis can accelerate the decomposition rate of the tail vegetables, various substances for promoting plant growth can be produced, the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced after the field is applied, and the crop yield is improved. The sodium metasilicate can supplement silicon element lacking in crop soil, improve the growth condition of rice, improve the resistance and promote stable yield and increase production
Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis strain is Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2019157.
The invention creatively discovers that Bacillus sp.A-5 strain can produce polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA) with molecular weight more than 4000kDa, has conversion rate more than 75 percent, has extremely strong capacity of producing gamma-PGA, and has better effect than other Bacillus in the aspects of improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and absorbing nutrients.
Preferably, the preparation raw materials of the fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables comprise, by weight on a dry basis, 65-75 parts of rice straw, 65-70 parts of tail vegetables, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-15 parts of sodium metasilicate.
The parts by weight of the rice straw can be 65 parts, 66 parts, 67 parts, 68 parts, 69 parts, 70 parts, 71 parts, 72 parts, 73 parts, 74 parts, 75 parts and the like, the parts by weight of the tail vegetables can be 65 parts, 66 parts, 67 parts, 68 parts, 69 parts, 70 parts and the like, the parts by weight of the bacillus subtilis can be 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts and the like, the parts by weight of the sodium metasilicate can be 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts and the like, and other specific point values in the numerical range can be selected, so that the detailed description is omitted.
When rice straw, cabbage, bacillus subtilis and sodium metasilicate are added in the above specific proportion, the effect is best in promoting the growth of plants and improving the crop yield.
Preferably, the tail vegetables comprise vegetable leaves and/or sides of any one or at least two of Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, lotus flower vegetable, spinach, celery, cauliflower, white radish, carrot, cabbage, lettuce or baby cabbage.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 1×10 10 CFU/g, e.g. 1X 10 10 CFU/g、2×10 10 CFU/g、3×10 10 CFU/g、4×10 10 CFU/g、5×10 10 CFU/g、6×10 10 CFU/g、7×10 10 CFU/g、8×10 10 CFU/g、9×10 10 CFU/g、1×10 11 CFU/g, etc., and other specific values within the above numerical ranges are optional, and will not be described in detail herein.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
(1) Carbonizing rice stalks, mixing the carbonized rice stalks with the tail vegetables, and adjusting the pH and the water content to obtain a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis, and fermenting to obtain a rotten material;
(3) Mixing the rotting material in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate to obtain a rotten mixture;
(4) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain the composite material.
The invention creatively discovers that the preparation method mixes the raw materials for three times, and the obtained fertilizer has the best effect in promoting the growth of plants and improving the crop yield.
Preferably, the carbonization temperature is 250-300 ℃, and the carbonization time is 3-5h.
The carbonization temperature can be 250 ℃, 255 ℃, 260 ℃, 265 ℃, 270 ℃, 275 ℃, 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃ and the like, the carbonization time can be 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h, 5h and the like, and other specific point values in the numerical range can be selected, so that the details are not repeated.
Preferably, the rice straw is cut to 10-20cm before carbonization; for example, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, etc., and other specific values within the above numerical ranges may be selected, and will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the straw carbonization mode is anaerobic carbonization.
Preferably, the pH of the mixture in step (1) is 6-7, for example, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7, etc., and other specific values in the above numerical ranges may be selected, which will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the water content of the mixture in step (1) is 60-65%, for example 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, etc., and other specific values in the above numerical range may be selected, which will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the fermentation time is not less than 20 days, for example, 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, 35 days, 40 days, etc., and other specific values in the above numerical ranges are selected, which will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the fermentation further includes 1-2h of oxygen blasting per day, for example, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2h, etc., and other specific values in the above numerical ranges are selected, which will not be described in detail herein.
Through the oxygen explosion fermentation technology, the materials can be thoroughly decomposed and decomposed into absorbable nutrient components, and the absorbable nutrient components are easier to be absorbed by plants.
Preferably, the time for aging and stacking is not less than 10 days, for example, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, 35 days, 40 days, etc., and other specific values in the above numerical ranges may be selected, which will not be described in detail herein.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables in rice production according to the first aspect.
Preferably, the usage amount of the fertilizer for recycling the rice stalks and the tail vegetables is 50-300 kg/mu, for example, 50 kg/mu, 100 kg/mu, 150 kg/mu, 200 kg/mu, 250 kg/mu, 300 kg/mu, etc., and other specific point values in the numerical range can be selected, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the organic fertilizer is prepared from rice stalks and the tail vegetables and is applied to the field, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the bacillus subtilis can accelerate the decomposition rate of the tail vegetables, various substances for promoting plant growth can be produced, the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced and the crop yield is improved after the field application. The sodium metasilicate can supplement silicon element lacking in crop soil, improve the growth condition of rice, improve the resistance and promote stable yield and increase production.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means adopted by the present invention and the effects thereof, the following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in combination with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.
The Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus sp.A-5 strain, the preservation unit is China center for type culture Collection, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M2019157, and the preservation date is 2019, 3, 15 days. The preservation unit address "university of Wuhan in China".
Example 1
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straws and tail vegetables, which is prepared from 70 parts of rice straws, 68 parts of tail vegetables, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain and 12 parts of sodium metasilicate, wherein the tail vegetables are a mixture of cabbage tail vegetables and lettuce tail vegetables in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 is 2 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 15cm segments, performing anaerobic carbonization for 4 hours at 280 ℃, mixing the carbonized rice straw with the tail vegetables, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 and the water content to 63%, and obtaining a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 30 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 1.5 hours each day to obtain a rotten material;
(3) Mixing the rotting material in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate to obtain a rotten mixture;
(4) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed mixture obtained in the step (3) for 20 days to obtain the composite material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straws and tail vegetables, which is prepared from 65 parts of rice straws, 70 parts of tail vegetables, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain and 15 parts of sodium metasilicate, wherein the tail vegetables are a mixture of cabbage tail vegetables, lettuce tail vegetables and spinach tail vegetables in a mass ratio of 2:1:2, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 is 1 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 20cm sections, performing anaerobic carbonization for 3 hours at 300 ℃, mixing the carbonized rice straw with the tail vegetables, adjusting the pH value to 7 and the water content to 60 percent to obtain a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 40 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 1h each day to obtain a rotten material;
(3) Mixing the rotting material in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate to obtain a rotten mixture;
(4) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed mixture obtained in the step (3) for 30 days to obtain the composite material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straws and tail vegetables, which is prepared from 75 parts of rice straws, 65 parts of tail vegetables, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain and 10 parts of sodium metasilicate, wherein the tail vegetables are a mixture of spinach tail vegetables and lettuce tail vegetables in a mass ratio of 4:1, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 is 3 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 10cm sections, performing anaerobic carbonization for 5 hours at the temperature of 250 ℃, mixing the carbonized rice straw with the tail vegetables, adjusting the pH value to 6 and the water content to 65 percent to obtain a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 20 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 2 hours each day to obtain a rotten material;
(3) Mixing the rotting material in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate to obtain a rotten mixture;
(4) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed mixture obtained in the step (3) for 10 days to obtain the composite material.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the step (1) in the preparation process is that the rice stalks are cut into 15cm sections, the rice stalks and the tail vegetables are mixed, the pH is regulated to 6.5, the water content is regulated to 63%, and the mixture is obtained, and other components, the content and the preparation method are kept unchanged.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the step (1) in the preparation process is that the rice stalks are cut into 15cm small sections, the anaerobic carbonization is carried out for 4 hours at the temperature of 280 ℃, the carbonized rice stalks and the tail vegetables are mixed to obtain a mixture, and other components, contents and preparation methods are kept unchanged.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the step (2) in the preparation process is that the mixture in the step (1) is mixed with bacillus subtilis and fermented for 30 days to obtain rotten materials, and other components, contents and preparation methods are kept unchanged.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the fermentation days are 15 days in the preparation process, and other components, contents and preparation methods are unchanged.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in the preparation method, and other components and contents are consistent.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 15cm sections, performing anaerobic carbonization for 4 hours at the temperature of 280 ℃, mixing carbonized rice straw, tail vegetables, bacillus subtilis and sodium metasilicate, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 and the water content to 63%, and obtaining a mixture;
(2) Fermenting the mixture obtained in the step (1) for 30 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 1.5 hours each day to obtain a rotten material;
(3) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed material obtained in the step (2) for 20 days to obtain the material.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in the preparation method, and other components and contents are consistent.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 15cm segments, performing anaerobic carbonization for 4 hours at 280 ℃, mixing the carbonized rice straw with the tail vegetables, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 and the water content to 63%, and obtaining a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis and sodium metasilicate, fermenting for 30 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 1.5 hours each day to obtain a clinker;
(3) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed materials in the step (2) for 20 days to obtain the composite material.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in the preparation method, and other components and contents are consistent.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting rice straw into 15cm sections, performing anaerobic carbonization for 4 hours at 280 ℃, mixing carbonized rice straw and tail vegetables with bacillus subtilis, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 and the water content to 63%, and obtaining a mixture;
(2) Fermenting the mixture obtained in the step (1) for 30 days, and carrying out oxygen blasting for 1.5 hours each day to obtain a rotting material;
(3) And (3) mixing the decomposed material obtained in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate, aging and stacking for 20 days to obtain the composite material.
Example 11
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straws and tail vegetables, which is prepared from 50 parts of rice straws, 88 parts of tail vegetables, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain and 12 parts of sodium metasilicate, wherein the tail vegetables are a mixture of cabbage tail vegetables and lettuce tail vegetables in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 is 2 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation is described in example 1.
Example 12
The embodiment provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straws and tail vegetables, which is prepared from 88 parts of rice straws, 50 parts of tail vegetables, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain and 12 parts of sodium metasilicate, wherein the tail vegetables are a mixture of cabbage tail vegetables and lettuce tail vegetables in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 is 2 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation is described in example 1.
Example 13
This comparative example provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables, which differs from example 1 only in that the Bacillus subtilis sp.A-5 strain is replaced by the Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 strain, the effective viable count of the two is kept consistent, and the other components and contents are kept unchanged.
The preparation is described in example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables, which differs from example 1 only in that it does not contain Bacillus subtilis sp.a-5 strain, and other components and contents remain unchanged.
The preparation is described in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a fertilizer for straw and tail vegetable resource utilization, which differs from example 1 only in that it does not contain sodium metasilicate, and other ingredients and contents remain unchanged.
The preparation is described in example 1.
Test example 1
Test time: 2022 month 6 to 2022 month 12.
Test site: the paddy rice ecological planting demonstration base is a paddy rice soil, and is a 1718-group road of a town external kitchen village of a new area of Shanghai Pudong, shanghai, scientific and technical Xingnong project.
Test crop: the rice is of the variety Huayou 14.
Test group (test fertilizer+fertilizer reduction 30% as described in examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-2): each mu (666.67 m) 2 ) The fertilizers described in examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-2 were 300kg +45% compound fertilizer 14kg followed by 10.5kg urea.
Control group 1 (normal fertilization): each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 20kg of 45% compound fertilizer and 15kg of urea.
Control group 2 (commercial organic fertilizer + fertilizer decrement 30%): 300kg of common commercial organic fertilizer and 14kg of 45% compound fertilizer are applied per mu of base, and 10.5kg of urea is applied.
Compound fertilizer: N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15, the nutrient mass ratio is 1:1:1, and the total nutrient content is 45%.
Organic fertilizer: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 4 percent, and the organic matters are more than or equal to 30 percent.
The evaluation method comprises the following steps: paired field plots were paired at 5 per test field setting and the paired field plots were counted and the results are shown in table 1 and data analysis was performed using the SPSS paired T test and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
(1) The fertilizers described in examples 1-3 showed slightly increased but insignificant differences in rice yield compared to control 1 (conventional fertilization). The preparation method of the embodiment 1 is more excellent, and the yield is 3.34% compared with that of the control 1 (conventional fertilization), so that the fertilizer has a yield stabilizing function for rice production under the condition of 30% fertilizer decrement.
(2) The yield difference is obvious in examples 1-3 compared with examples 4-12 and comparative examples 1-2, wherein the yield reduction range of the rice is 5.37-7.30% in examples 4-12 and comparative examples 1-2 compared with example 1, and the yield reduction range of the rice is 2.21-4.41% in examples 4-12 and comparative examples 1-2 compared with comparative example 1, respectively, and the fertilizer produced by the proportioning and production methods of the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is more beneficial to the yield increase of the rice, and the lack of the production steps or the lack of corresponding components can influence the yield of the rice.
(3) Compared with the control 2 (common commercial organic fertilizer), the fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the yield increase amplitude of the rice is 8.93-10.30%, the yield increase effect reaches a remarkable level, and compared with the common commercial organic fertilizer, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention has remarkable advantages in rice production.
(4) Examples 4-13 and comparative examples 1-2 showed a 2.25-9.10% increase in yield compared with control 2, demonstrating that even if the production steps were absent, or the corresponding components were absent, or the fertilizer made of bacillus subtilis strain was replaced, it had a better application effect than the common commercial organic fertilizer.
(5) Compared with the control 1, the control 2 has 6.31 percent of yield reduction, and the yield reduction effect reaches a remarkable level, which proves that the common commercial organic fertilizer can cause remarkable yield reduction of rice under the condition of 30 percent of fertilizer reduction.
(6) Example 13 (replacement of Bacillus subtilis) rice yield was reduced by 1.09% compared to example 1; comparative example 1 (without addition of Bacillus subtilis) shows a 5.37% reduction in rice yield compared to example 1, indicating that Bacillus subtilis A-5 strain promotes the maturation of the tail vegetables and has a yield-increasing effect, the yield increase being superior to other Bacillus subtilis.
TABLE 2
The applicant states that the invention is described by the above embodiments as a fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables, and the preparation method and application thereof, but the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, i.e. it does not mean that the invention must be practiced by relying on the above embodiments. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the fertilizer for recycling rice stalks and tail vegetables comprise rice stalks, tail vegetables, bacillus subtilis strains and sodium metasilicate.
2. The fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus subtilis strain is Bacillus subtilis sp.a-5 with a preservation number of cctccc No. M2019157.
3. The fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation raw materials of the fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables comprise, by dry basis weight, 65-75 parts of rice straw, 65-70 parts of tail vegetables, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 10-15 parts of sodium metasilicate;
preferably, the tail vegetables comprise vegetable leaves and/or sidewalls of any one or at least two of Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, lotus flower vegetable, spinach, celery, cauliflower, white radish, carrot, cabbage, lettuce or baby cabbage;
preferably, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 1×10 10 CFU/g。
4. A method for preparing a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice straw and tail vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method comprises:
(1) Carbonizing rice stalks, mixing the carbonized rice stalks with the tail vegetables, and adjusting the pH and the water content to obtain a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with bacillus subtilis, and fermenting to obtain a rotten material;
(3) Mixing the rotting material in the step (2) with sodium metasilicate to obtain a rotten mixture;
(4) And (3) aging and stacking the decomposed mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain the composite material.
5. The method for preparing a fertilizer for recycling rice straw and tail vegetables according to claim 4, wherein the carbonization temperature is 250-300 ℃ and the carbonization time is 3-5h.
6. The method for producing a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice straw and cabbage according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the pH of the mixture in step (1) is 6 to 7;
preferably, the water content of the mixture in step (1) is 60-65%.
7. The method for producing a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice straw and tail vegetables according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the fermentation time is not less than 20 days;
preferably, the fermentation further comprises oxygen blasting for 1-2 hours per day.
8. The method for producing a fertilizer for resource utilization of rice straw and tail vegetables according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the time for aging and stacking is not less than 10 days.
9. Use of the straw and tail vegetable recycling fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3 in rice production.
10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that the fertilizer is used in an amount of 50-300 kg/mu for the resource utilization of rice stalks and tail vegetables.
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