CN116267957A - 一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药 - Google Patents
一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药 Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with sulfur as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/88—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体属于一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药。一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其有效成分由申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配而成。本发明将申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配后，药剂在抑制烟草疫霉菌丝生长时表现出协同增效作用，可用于防治由烟草疫霉引起的菠萝心腐病等病害，且可提高对烟草疫霉的防治效果。另外，与单一有效成分相比，可延缓病原菌抗药性的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体属于一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药。
背景技术
菠萝心腐病是严重危害菠萝的一种土传病害。其病菌可以在菠萝全生育期侵染危害，主要危害幼苗。发病初期叶片略变暗无光泽，茎基处开始出现褐色条纹，心叶极易拔起，发病到后期，全株枯死，影响菠萝的产量和品质。
据研究报道，菠萝心腐病的病源主要是疫霉属的真菌性病害，主要是：烟草疫霉、樟疫霉、棕榈疫霉和柑桔褐腐疫霉等疫霉属真菌。化学农药具有适用范围广，防治高效等优点，被广泛应用于病虫害的防控，菠萝心腐病也不例外。菠萝心腐病常用的药剂有：多菌灵、甲基托布津、苯菌灵和敌菌丹等。但，化学农药在带来高效防治效果的同时，也由于长期大量的使用产生了诸多问题：造成菠萝叶片和土壤中的农药残留不断富集，对动物体和土壤微生物环境均有害；长期使用还会使菠萝心腐病容易产生耐药性。现在由于长期单一的使用同种杀菌剂或杀菌机理相同的几种杀菌剂，使得菠萝心腐病均已对其产生不同程度的抗药性，导致防治效果降低，进而加大药剂施用量，形成恶性循环。因此，开发一种防治效果高，且能延缓病原菌抗药性产生的新型药剂很有必要。
将不同农药品种进行复配是开发新型药剂的有效途径。目前，还尚未见有申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配的相关报道。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，从而克服施用单一药剂时存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其有效成分由申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配而成。
作为优选，所述申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯的质量比为1-10：10-1。
作为优选，所述申嗪霉素与氟嘧菌酯的质量比为1-40：5-1。
作为优选，所述申嗪霉素与异丙噻菌胺的质量比为1-20：15-1。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种生物农药制剂，包括所述的有效成分和农药学上允许添加的辅助成分。
作为优选，所述有效成分的质量占所述生物农药制剂总质量的1.5-60％。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供所述的生物农药制剂在防治由烟草疫霉引起的真菌性病害中的用途。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明将申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配后，药剂在抑制烟草疫霉菌丝生长时表现出协同增效作用，可用于防治由烟草疫霉引起的菠萝心腐病等病害，且可提高对烟草疫霉的防治效果。
(2)本发明的生物农药与单一有效成分相比，可延缓病原菌抗药性的产生。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例：药剂筛选
1.供试菌株：分离自菠萝心腐病株，经鉴定为烟草疫霉，保存于V8汁琼脂培养基上。
2.V8汁琼脂培养基：向800mL蒸馏水中加入200mL V8汁和3g CaCO3，混合均匀，调节pH至7.2，加入15g琼脂，加热至琼脂完全溶解，121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min。
3.供试药剂
95％申嗪霉素原药、98％氟唑活化酯原药、94％氟嘧菌酯原药、95％异丙噻菌胺原药，以上药剂均为市售。
将供试药剂先用二甲基亚砜溶解，再用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释，配制成单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
4.试验方法
采用菌丝生长速率法。将预先融化的V8汁琼脂培养基9mL加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度到高浓度依次定量吸取药液1mL，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇匀后倒入直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个处理设置10个重复。
用直径5mm打孔器在供试菌株菌落边缘切取菌饼，接种于含药平板和空白对照平板中央，盖上皿盖后置于26℃恒温箱培养7d，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝生长抑制率。
5.数据分析：采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，以杀菌剂浓度对数值为x，对应的菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
上式中：ATI--混剂实测的毒力指数；S--标准药剂的LC50，单位为mg/L；M--混剂的LC50，单位为mg/L。
TTI＝TIA×PA+TIB×PB
上式中：TTI--混剂的理论毒理指数；TIA--A药剂的毒力指数；PA--A药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)；TIB--B药剂的毒力指数；PB--B药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)。
上式中：CTC--共毒系数；ATI--混剂实测毒力指数；TTI--混剂理论毒力指数。
6.测定结果
根据计算的共毒系数(CTC)评价药剂的增效作用，CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80＜CTC＜120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用，结果见表1-3。
表1申嗪霉素和氟唑活化酯复配对烟草疫霉的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 申嗪霉素 | 6.5198 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 氟唑活化酯 | 16.6141 | 39.2426 | -- | -- |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟唑活化酯10 | 11.2873 | 57.7623 | 44.7660 | 129.0316 |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟唑活化酯5 | 9.2486 | 70.4950 | 49.3688 | 142.7926 |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟唑活化酯3 | 4.9756 | 131.0355 | 54.4319 | 240.7327 |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟唑活化酯1 | 5.9073 | 110.3685 | 69.6213 | 158.5270 |
| 申嗪霉素3：氟唑活化酯1 | 2.6587 | 245.2251 | 84.8106 | 289.1443 |
| 申嗪霉素5：氟唑活化酯1 | 4.1639 | 156.5792 | 89.8738 | 174.2212 |
| 申嗪霉素10：氟唑活化酯1 | 1.6192 | 402.6556 | 94.4766 | 426.1962 |
由表1可知，申嗪霉素和氟唑活化酯复配后，在质量比为1-10：10-1内对烟草疫霉的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表2申嗪霉素和氟嘧菌酯复配对烟草疫霉的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 申嗪霉素 | 6.5198 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 氟嘧菌酯 | 2.7643 | 235.8572 | -- | -- |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟嘧菌酯5 | 2.2555 | 289.0623 | 213.2143 | 135.5736 |
| 申嗪霉素1：氟嘧菌酯1 | 1.9104 | 341.2793 | 167.9286 | 203.2288 |
| 申嗪霉素5：氟嘧菌酯1 | 1.4331 | 454.9438 | 122.6429 | 370.9501 |
| 申嗪霉素10：氟嘧菌酯1 | 3.0724 | 212.2054 | 112.3507 | 188.8778 |
| 申嗪霉素20：氟嘧菌酯1 | 4.1290 | 157.9026 | 106.4694 | 148.3080 |
| 申嗪霉素30：氟嘧菌酯1 | 2.5889 | 251.8367 | 104.3825 | 241.2633 |
| 申嗪霉素40：氟嘧菌酯1 | 4.7924 | 136.0446 | 103.3136 | 131.6812 |
由表2可知，申嗪霉素和氟嘧菌酯复配后，在质量比为1-40：5-1内对烟草疫霉的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表3申嗪霉素和异丙噻菌胺复配对烟草疫霉的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 申嗪霉素 | 6.5198 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 异丙噻菌胺 | 10.9935 | 59.3060 | -- | -- |
| 申嗪霉素1：异丙噻菌胺15 | 7.5556 | 86.2910 | 61.8493 | 139.5180 |
| 申嗪霉素1：异丙噻菌胺10 | 4.8049 | 135.6906 | 63.0054 | 215.3635 |
| 申嗪霉素1：异丙噻菌胺5 | 3.5937 | 181.4230 | 66.0883 | 274.5162 |
| 申嗪霉素1：异丙噻菌胺1 | 6.6882 | 97.4821 | 79.6530 | 122.3835 |
| 申嗪霉素5：异丙噻菌胺1 | 1.3554 | 481.0241 | 93.2177 | 516.0225 |
| 申嗪霉素10：异丙噻菌胺1 | 5.2330 | 124.5901 | 96.3005 | 129.3763 |
| 申嗪霉素20：异丙噻菌胺1 | 2.6764 | 243.6033 | 98.0622 | 248.4172 |
由表3可知，申嗪霉素和异丙噻菌胺复配后，在质量比为1-20：15-1内对烟草疫霉的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
综上，本发明将申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配后，药剂在抑制烟草疫霉菌丝生长时表现出协同增效作用，可用于防治由烟草疫霉引起的菠萝心腐病等病害，且可提高对烟草疫霉的防治效果。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可以做适当的改进，这些改进也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其特征在于，其有效成分由申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯、氟嘧菌酯或异丙噻菌胺复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述申嗪霉素与氟唑活化酯的质量比为1-10：10-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述申嗪霉素与氟嘧菌酯的质量比为1-40：5-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治菠萝心腐病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述申嗪霉素与异丙噻菌胺的质量比为1-20：15-1。
5.一种生物农药制剂，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的有效成分和农药学上允许添加的辅助成分。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物农药制剂，其特征在于，所述有效成分的质量占所述生物农药制剂总质量的1.5-60％。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的生物农药制剂在防治由烟草疫霉引起的真菌性病害中的用途。
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