CN117044733A - 一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药 - Google Patents
一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药。一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其有效成分由哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配而成，所述哈茨木霉菌为200亿cfu/g的哈茨木霉菌DS‑10母药。本发明哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配，对油梨炭疽病菌的共毒系数大于120，表现为增效作用，可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果，减少农药的使用量，降低防治成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药。
背景技术
胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz.)侵染油梨可引起真菌性病害--油梨炭疽病。油梨炭疽病危害植株花、果、叶片及树枝，其中果实受害最为严重，影响油梨果实的产量。在油梨种植过程中，通过喷施化学药剂可以有效防治油梨炭疽病，但随着化学药剂的长期单一使用，使得病菌抗药性逐渐增强，化学药剂的抗药性风险也在不断升高。而且，大剂量的使用化学药剂还会导致果实农药残留量超标，影响人体身体健康。因此开发绿色、安全、高效的药剂很有必要。
哈茨木霉菌是一种微生物杀菌剂，通过营养竞争、重寄生以及细胞壁分解酵素等多重机制，对多种植物病原菌产生拮抗作用，具有保护和治疗双重功效。哈茨木霉菌不仅可以有效抑制病菌的生长，还能产生刺激植物生长和诱导植物防御反应的化合物，能改善土壤根系的微环境，增强植物的长势和抗病能力，提高作物产量和收益。
将具有杀菌活性的不同成分进行复配是防治抗药性病害及开发新型药剂的有效便捷途径之一。目前，还未见到哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配复配的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果，降低抗药性风险，同时对环境友好，绿色安全。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其有效成分由哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配而成，所述哈茨木霉菌为200亿cfu/g的哈茨木霉菌DS-10母药。
作为优选，所述哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素的质量比为1-15：1。
作为优选，所述哈茨木霉菌与小檗碱的质量比为1-20：9-1。
作为优选，所述哈茨木霉菌与苯醚甲环唑的质量比为1-40：4-1。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配，对油梨炭疽病菌的共毒系数大于120，表现为增效作用，可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果，减少农药的使用量，降低防治成本。
(2)本发明的生物农药可以延缓油梨炭疽病菌抗药性的产生和发展，降低抗药性风险。
(3)本发明的生物农药对环境友好，绿色安全。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明专利的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
实施例
1.供试菌株
采集油梨炭疽病果实病样，在实验室内经分离、纯化和鉴定，得到胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz.)，PDA培养基上扩繁培养3d，备用。
2.供试药剂
200亿cfu/g哈茨木霉菌DS-10母药(西安鼎盛生物化工有限公司)、99％多抗霉素原药(湖北实兴化工有限公司)、98％小檗碱原药(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)、94％苯醚甲环唑原药(江苏优嘉植物保护有限公司)。
哈茨木霉菌DS-10母药用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释成单剂母液；其他药剂用二甲基亚砜溶解后再用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释，配制成单剂母液；设置多组配比，各单剂母液和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
3.试验方法
采用菌丝生长速率法。将预先融化的PDA培养基9mL加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度到高浓度依次定量吸取药液1mL，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇匀后倒入直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个处理设置10个重复。用直径5mm打孔器在供试菌株菌落边缘切取菌饼，接种于含药平板和空白对照平板中央，盖上皿盖后置于25℃恒温箱培养3d，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝生长抑制率。
4.数据分析：采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，以杀菌剂浓度对数值为x，对应的菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
上式中：ATI--混剂实测的毒力指数；S--标准药剂的EC50，单位为mg/L；M--混剂的EC50，单位为mg/L。
TTI＝TIA×PA+TIB×PB
上式中：TTI--混剂的理论毒理指数；TIA--A药剂的毒力指数；PA--A药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)；TIB--B药剂的毒力指数；PB--B药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)。
上式中：CTC--共毒系数；ATI--混剂实测毒力指数；TTI--混剂理论毒力指数。
5.测定结果
根据计算的共毒系数(CTC)评价药剂的增效作用，CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80＜CTC＜120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用，结果见表1-3。
表1哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素复配对油梨炭疽病菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 哈茨木霉菌 | 80.6952 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 多抗霉素 | 9.5106 | 848.4764 | -- | -- |
| 哈茨木霉菌15：多抗霉素1 | 52.1703 | 154.6765 | 146.7798 | 105.3800 |
| 哈茨木霉菌10：多抗霉素1 | 37.9229 | 212.7875 | 168.0433 | 126.6266 |
| 哈茨木霉菌5：多抗霉素1 | 20.0267 | 402.9381 | 224.7461 | 179.2859 |
| 哈茨木霉菌3：多抗霉素1 | 12.1719 | 662.9631 | 287.1191 | 230.9018 |
| 哈茨木霉菌1：多抗霉素1 | 10.5766 | 762.9597 | 474.2382 | 160.8811 |
由表1可知，哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素复配时，质量比为15：1，表现为相加作用；质量比为10-1：1时，表现为增效作用。说明哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素复配可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果。
表2哈茨木霉菌与小檗碱复配对油梨炭疽病菌的室内生物活性测定
由表2可知，哈茨木霉菌与小檗碱复配时，质量比为1-20：9-1时，表现为增效作用。说明哈茨木霉菌与小檗碱复配可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果。
表3哈茨木霉菌与苯醚甲环唑复配对油梨炭疽病菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 哈茨木霉菌 | 80.6952 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 苯醚甲环唑 | 4.9530 | 1629.2187 | -- | -- |
| 哈茨木霉菌1：苯醚甲环唑4 | 4.3377 | 1860.3223 | 1323.3749 | 140.5741 |
| 哈茨木霉菌1：苯醚甲环唑1 | 7.1702 | 1125.4247 | 864.6093 | 130.1657 |
| 哈茨木霉菌3：苯醚甲环唑1 | 10.1745 | 793.1122 | 482.3047 | 164.4422 |
| 哈茨木霉菌5：苯醚甲环唑1 | 15.0550 | 536.0027 | 354.8698 | 151.0421 |
| 哈茨木霉菌10：苯醚甲环唑1 | 8.1943 | 984.7723 | 239.0199 | 412.0044 |
| 哈茨木霉菌20：苯醚甲环唑1 | 26.9770 | 299.1259 | 172.8199 | 173.0853 |
| 哈茨木霉菌40：苯醚甲环唑1 | 44.1079 | 182.9495 | 137.2980 | 133.2500 |
由表3可知，哈茨木霉菌与苯醚甲环唑复配时，质量比为1-40：4-1时，表现为增效作用。说明哈茨木霉菌与苯醚甲环唑复配可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果。
综上所述，哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配，对油梨炭疽病菌的共毒系数大于120，表现为增效作用，可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其特征在于，其有效成分由哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素、小檗碱或苯醚甲环唑复配而成，所述哈茨木霉菌为200亿cfu/g的哈茨木霉菌DS-10母药。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述哈茨木霉菌与多抗霉素的质量比为1-15：1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述哈茨木霉菌与小檗碱的质量比为1-20：9-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治油梨炭疽病的生物农药，其特征在于，所述哈茨木霉菌与苯醚甲环唑的质量比为1-40：4-1。
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