CN116941618A - 一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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Abstract
本发明属于杀菌剂研发技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物。一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物，所述杀菌剂组合物的有效成分由大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配而成。本发明的杀菌剂组合物有效成分大蒜素与与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，在以一定质量比复配对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于杀菌剂研发技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物。
背景技术
大蒜素(allicin)是从大蒜中提取的植物源抗生素，其生物活性主要来源于与疏基化合物的相互作用和抗氧化能力，其抗菌的机理可能是对乙酰辅酶A的抑制作用。研究表明大蒜素可以抑制农药真菌病害病原菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发。
氟唑环菌胺是由先正达发现、开发和生产的吡唑酰胺结构的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)类杀菌剂。作为SDHI类杀菌剂，氟唑环菌胺也为病原菌呼吸作用抑制剂，通过干扰电子传递链复合体II上的三羧酸循环来抑制线粒体的功能，阻止其产生能量，进而抑制病原菌生长，并最终导致其死亡。氟唑环菌胺高效，广谱，具有保护和治疗作用，可以用于防治多种植物上的多种真菌性病害。
烯酰吗啉是吗啉类广谱性杀菌剂，对藻状菌的霜霉科和樟疫霉属的真菌有独特的作用方式，主要引起孢子囊壁的分解，从而使菌体死亡。除游动孢子形成及孢子游动期外，对卵菌生活史的各个阶段均有作用，尤其是再孢子囊梗及卵孢子的形成阶段更为敏感。对霜霉菌、疫霉菌和腐霉真菌特别有效，可用于防治多种植物上的真菌性病害。
溴菌腈是一种广谱、低毒、防霉和灭藻的杀菌剂，其能一直和铲除细菌、真菌和藻类的生长，适用于纺织品和皮革等的防腐和防霉，及工业用水灭藻。且对农作物病害有较好的防治效果，尤其是对炭疽病有特效。
在果树植过程中，常通过喷施杀菌剂来防除果树上的真菌性和细菌性病害，但长期单一使用某种杀菌剂会导致病原菌产生抗药性，进而引发环境污染、农药残留和抗药性加剧等一系列问题。科学合理的杀菌活性成分复配可以扩大杀菌谱和提高防效，而且还能延缓病原菌抗药性发生和发展。目前还未见到大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配的相关报道。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物，以解决长期单一使用某种杀菌剂引发的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种杀菌剂组合物，所述杀菌剂组合物的有效成分由大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配而成。
作为优选，所述大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺的质量比为1-7：7-1。
作为优选，所述大蒜素与烯酰吗啉的质量比为1-15：20-1。
作为优选，所述大蒜素与溴菌腈的质量比为1：25-1。
本发明还提供了所述的杀菌剂组合物在防治油梨炭疽病中的用途。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明杀菌剂组合物有效成分大蒜素与与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，在以一定质量比复配对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。与单一有效成分相比，可以提高防效，降低用量和农药残留。
(2)本发明杀菌剂组合物可以延缓病原菌抗药性的发生和发展，延长药剂的使用寿命，为防治抗药性病害提供支持。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明专利的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域所属的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例：防治药剂筛选
1.供试菌株
采集油梨炭疽病果实病样，在实验室内分离得到胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides penz.)，PDA培养基上扩繁培养3d，备用。
2.供试药剂
98％大蒜素原药(CAS：539-86-6)、95％氟唑环菌胺原药、98％烯酰吗啉原药、95％溴菌腈原药，以上药剂均为市售。
将供试药剂溶解后用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释成单剂母液，然后设置多组配比，各单剂母液和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
3.试验方法
采用菌丝生长速率法。将90mL融化后冷却至55℃左右的PDA培养基倒入无菌锥形瓶中，接着吸取10mL药液加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇匀后等量倒入10个直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个质量浓度药液设置10个平板。用打孔器在扩繁后的供试菌株菌落边缘切取直径为5mm的菌饼，将菌饼接种于含药平板和空白对照平板中央，盖上皿盖后置于25℃恒温箱培养。3d后用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝生长抑制率。
4.数据分析
采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)以评价药剂的增效作用。结果见表1-3。
表1大蒜素和氟唑环菌胺复配对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌的毒力
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 大蒜素 | 126.04 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 氟唑环菌胺 | 1.17 | 10772.65 | -- | -- |
| 大蒜素1：氟唑环菌胺7 | 0.78 | 16158.97 | 9438.57 | 171.20 |
| 大蒜素1：氟唑环菌胺3 | 1.05 | 12003.81 | 8104.49 | 148.11 |
| 大蒜素1：氟唑环菌胺1 | 1.87 | 6740.11 | 5436.32 | 123.98 |
| 大蒜素3：氟唑环菌胺1 | 3.63 | 3472.18 | 2768.16 | 125.43 |
| 大蒜素7：氟唑环菌胺1 | 6.59 | 1912.59 | 1434.08 | 133.37 |
由表1可知，大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，所有试验复配组合对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表2大蒜素和烯酰吗啉复配对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌的毒力
由表2可知，大蒜素与烯酰吗啉复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，所有试验复配组合对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表3大蒜素和溴菌腈复配对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌的毒力
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 大蒜素 | 126.04 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 溴菌腈 | 3.25 | 3878.15 | -- | -- |
| 大蒜素1：溴菌腈25 | 2.55 | 4942.75 | 3732.84 | 132.41 |
| 大蒜素1：溴菌腈15 | 0.74 | 17032.43 | 3642.02 | 467.66 |
| 大蒜素1：溴菌腈7 | 1.26 | 10003.17 | 3405.88 | 293.70 |
| 大蒜素1：溴菌腈3 | 3.15 | 4001.27 | 2933.62 | 136.39 |
| 大蒜素1：溴菌腈1 | 5.21 | 2419.19 | 1989.08 | 121.62 |
由表3可知，大蒜素与溴菌腈复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，所有试验复配组合对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
综上所述，大蒜素与与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配后对油梨炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌表现出了优异的抑菌活性，在以一定质量比复配对胶孢炭疽菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。与单一有效成分相比，可以提高防效，降低用量和农药残留。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂组合物的有效成分由大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺、烯酰吗啉或溴菌腈复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌剂组合物，其特征在于，所述大蒜素与氟唑环菌胺的质量比为1-7：7-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌剂组合物，其特征在于，所述大蒜素与烯酰吗啉胺的质量比为1-15：20-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌剂组合物，其特征在于，所述大蒜素与溴菌腈的质量比为1：25-1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的杀菌剂组合物在防治油梨炭疽病中的用途。
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