CN111345297B - 一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物。一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物，其有效成分由百里香酚与氟唑菌酰羟胺、氟唑环菌胺、丁香菌酯、环丙唑醇或双炔酰菌胺复配而成。本发明防治菠萝黑腐病农药组合物中复配的两种活性成分之间无交互抗性，复配后两种有效成分之间具有明显的协同增效作用，可以提高对菠萝黑腐病的防治效果，减少药剂的单次使用剂量，降低防治成本，降低农药残留；延缓病原菌抗药性的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物。
背景技术
菠萝黑腐病，又称软腐病或果腐病，是由奇异根串珠霉Thielaviopsis paradoxa(De Seyn.)V.Hohn.引起的真菌性病害，多发生熟果。通常在田间无显著症状，收货储藏期间果实迅速腐烂。被害果表面初生暗色水渍状软斑，继而扩大并互相连接成暗褐色无明显边缘的大斑块，并扩展至整个果实，使果心及其周围变为黑褐色，病果渗出大量液体，组织崩解散发出特殊的芳香味。
化学药剂是防治菠萝黑腐病的主要手段，可以用特克多浸泡果实或用抑霉唑浸渍果柄切面等等，化学药剂对病害的防治具有见效快的优点，但在使用过程中病原菌会逐渐对其产生抗药性，长期使用的话，该化学药剂对病原菌的防治效果会逐渐降低，想要提高防治效果就要加大该药剂的施用剂量，这样就会增加防治成本，同时也会增加果实中的农药残留量。因此，在化学药剂中，如何减缓抗药性是一个必须要考虑的问题。
5-甲基-2-异丙基苯酚，俗称百里香酚，存在于多种植物的精油中，百里香酚多用于制作香料、防腐剂、医用杀菌和驱蛔虫剂。近年来研究表明，百里香酚可以改变菌丝体细胞膜通透性，造成胞内物质外泄，达到抑菌效果。其对番茄灰霉病菌和棉花立枯病原菌具有很强的抑制菌丝生长作用。
氟唑菌酰羟胺和氟唑环菌胺为琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂，该类杀菌剂通过抑制病原菌线粒体呼吸作用过程中三羧酸循环中的琥珀酸脱氢酶影响病原真菌的呼吸，阻碍能量代谢，抑制病原菌的生长，导致其死亡。
丁香菌酯是一种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类保护性杀菌剂，其杀菌谱广，其作用机制为阻断细胞色素b和c之间的电子传递，从而抑制线粒体的呼吸作用，使ATP的合成受阻，真菌缺乏能量供应，逐渐丧失侵染能力。
环丙唑醇为甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂，其通过抑制病原菌甾醇生物合成中细胞色素P450的C14去甲基过程，阻碍真菌细胞壁的形成。环丙唑醇为内吸性杀菌剂，具有保护、治疗和铲除作用。
双炔酰菌胺是由先正达公司开发的卵菌纲病害杀菌剂，其通过干扰致病真菌的磷脂和细胞壁沉积物生物合成，达到抑制孢子的萌发和菌丝体的生长。
在农业防治中，将作用机理不同的两种或多种有效成分进行复配，可以减少每中药剂整个生育期的使用次数，可以延缓病原菌抗性发的产生。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物，其通过复配减缓了菠萝黑腐病原菌对百里香酚抗药性的产生。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物，其有效成分由百里香酚与氟唑菌酰羟胺、氟唑环菌胺、丁香菌酯、环丙唑醇或双炔酰菌胺复配而成。
作为优选，所述百里香酚和氟唑菌酰羟胺的质量比为1-40：6-1。
作为优选，所述百里香酚和氟唑环菌胺的质量比为1-20：60-1。
作为优选，所述百里香酚和丁香菌酯的质量比为1-30：80-1。
作为优选，所述百里香酚和环丙唑醇的质量比为1-30：15-1。
作为优选，所述百里香酚和双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1-60：40-1。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明防治菠萝黑腐病农药组合物中复配的两种活性成分之间无交互抗性，复配后两种有效成分之间具有明显的协同增效作用，可以提高对菠萝黑腐病的防治效果，减少药剂的单次使用剂量，减少防治成本，减低农药残留。
(2)本发明防治菠萝黑腐病农药组合物中复配组合的作用机理不同，可以延缓病原菌抗药性的产生。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例：百里香酚与5种有效成分复配后的室内生物活性试验
1.供试培养基：PDA培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基。
2.试验对象：从菠萝种植基地采集菠萝黑腐病病果，按常规方法进行组织分离培养，单孢纯化后移入PDA培养基试管斜面上保存，然后选取代表性的菌株移入PDA培养基平板上(28℃)培养2d，根据病原菌培养性状和形态特征鉴定该病原菌为奇异根串珠霉Thielaviopsis paradoxa(De Seyn.)V.Hohn.后备用。
3.供试药剂：95.4％百里香酚(从地椒中分离制备所得)；
98％氟唑菌酰羟胺原药(先正达苏州作物保护有限公司)；
95％氟唑环菌胺原药(先正达南通作物保护有限公司)；
96％丁香菌酯原药(吉林省八达农药有限公司)；
95％环丙唑醇原药(江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司)；
93％双炔酰菌胺原药(先正达中国投资有限公司)。
4.药剂配制：将原药用丙酮溶解，用0.1％吐温-80稀释分别配制单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂及每组配比混剂均按等比方法设置5-6个梯度质量浓度，备用。
5.药剂处理：先在无菌的条件下将预先融化的PDA培养基9mL加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度到高浓度依次定量吸取药液1mL，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇均。然后等量倒入4个直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成含药平板，同时设只含乙醇和0.1％吐温-80的空白对照处理，每个处理3个重复。
6.接种培养：在无菌的条件下，用直径为5mm的灭菌打孔器在菠萝黑腐病原菌菌落边缘打孔，制成直径为5mm的菌饼；用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央，菌丝面朝上，盖上培养皿盖后置于25℃的培养箱中培养。
7.调查分析：待空白对照菌落的直径达培养皿直径的2/3以上时，用卡尺测量菌落直径，每个菌落用十字交叉法垂直测量直径各一次，取其平均值，以此计算各处理的菌丝生长抑制率，用DPS软件对药剂浓度对数值和菌丝生长抑制率值进行回归分析，计算各处理药剂的EC50，并根据孙运沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)。
菌落增长直径＝D1-D2，D1为菌落直径，D2为菌饼直径(在本实施例中，菌饼直径为5mm)；
菌丝生长抑制率(％)＝[(D0-Dt)/D0]×100，D0为空白对照菌落增长直径；Dt为药剂处理菌落增长直径；
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂EC50/供试药剂EC50)×100；
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量；
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
按照联合作用划分标准：共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用；共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用；80<共毒系数(CTC)<120表现为相加作用。实验结果见表1-4。
表1 百里香酚和氟唑菌酰羟胺复配对菠萝黑腐病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 百里香酚 | 42.22 | -- | 100.00 | -- |
| 氟唑菌酰羟胺 | 3.88 | -- | 1088.14 | -- |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺6 | 2.94 | 1436.05 | 946.98 | 151.65 |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺5 | 1.71 | 2469.01 | 923.45 | 267.37 |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺4 | 0.94 | 4491.49 | 890.52 | 504.37 |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺3 | 1.37 | 3081.75 | 841.11 | 366.39 |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺2 | 2.82 | 1497.16 | 758.76 | 197.32 |
| 百里香酚1：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 4.69 | 900.21 | 594.07 | 151.53 |
| 百里香酚5：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 7.48 | 564.44 | 264.69 | 213.24 |
| 百里香酚10：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 9.27 | 455.45 | 189.83 | 239.92 |
| 百里香酚20：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 6.34 | 665.93 | 147.05 | 452.85 |
| 百里香酚30：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 5.81 | 726.68 | 131.88 | 551.03 |
| 百里香酚40：氟唑菌酰羟胺1 | 11.77 | 358.71 | 124.10 | 289.05 |
由表1可知，百里香酚和氟唑菌酰羟胺在质量比为1-40：6-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即百里香酚和氟唑菌酰羟胺复配后对菠萝黑腐病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用；尤其当质量比为30：1时，共毒系数达到了551.03，增效作用尤其显著。
表2 百里香酚和氟唑环菌胺复配对菠萝黑腐病原菌的室内生物活性测定
由表2可知，百里香酚和氟唑环菌胺在质量比为1-20：60-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即百里香酚和氟唑环菌胺复配后对菠萝黑腐病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用。
表3 百里香酚和丁香菌酯复配对菠萝黑腐病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 百里香酚 | 42.22 | -- | 100.00 | -- |
| 丁香菌酯 | 1.98 | -- | 2132.32 | -- |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯80 | 1.32 | 3198.48 | 2107.23 | 151.79 |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯60 | 1.01 | 4180.20 | 2099.01 | 199.15 |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯40 | 0.87 | 4852.87 | 2082.75 | 233.00 |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯20 | 0.46 | 9178.26 | 2035.55 | 450.90 |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯10 | 0.99 | 4264.65 | 1947.58 | 218.97 |
| 百里香酚1：丁香菌酯1 | 1.24 | 3404.84 | 1116.16 | 305.05 |
| 百里香酚5：丁香菌酯1 | 3.82 | 1105.24 | 438.72 | 251.92 |
| 百里香酚10：丁香菌酯1 | 2.91 | 1450.86 | 284.76 | 509.51 |
| 百里香酚15：丁香菌酯1 | 5.15 | 819.81 | 227.02 | 361.12 |
| 百里香酚20：丁香菌酯1 | 8.74 | 483.07 | 196.78 | 245.49 |
| 百里香酚30：丁香菌酯1 | 14.56 | 289.97 | 165.56 | 175.15 |
由表3可知，百里香酚和丁香菌酯在质量比为1-30：80-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即百里香酚和丁香菌酯复配后对菠萝黑腐病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用；尤其当质量比为10：1时，共毒系数达到了509.51，增效作用尤其显著。
表4 百里香酚和环丙唑醇复配对菠萝黑腐病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 百里香酚 | 42.22 | -- | 100.00 | -- |
| 环丙唑醇 | 11.03 | -- | 382.77 | -- |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇15 | 5.91 | 714.38 | 365.10 | 195.68 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇12 | 3.02 | 1398.01 | 361.02 | 387.24 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇9 | 4.64 | 909.91 | 354.50 | 256.68 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇7 | 2.67 | 1581.27 | 347.43 | 455.14 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇5 | 6.81 | 619.97 | 335.65 | 184.71 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇3 | 5.47 | 771.85 | 312.08 | 247.32 |
| 百里香酚1：环丙唑醇1 | 3.70 | 1141.08 | 241.39 | 472.72 |
| 百里香酚5：环丙唑醇1 | 7.24 | 583.15 | 147.13 | 396.35 |
| 百里香酚10：环丙唑醇1 | 12.31 | 342.97 | 125.71 | 272.84 |
| 百里香酚15：环丙唑醇1 | 18.39 | 229.58 | 117.67 | 195.10 |
| 百里香酚20：环丙唑醇1 | 10.52 | 401.33 | 113.47 | 353.70 |
| 百里香酚25：环丙唑醇1 | 14.11 | 292.38 | 110.88 | 263.70 |
| 百里香酚30：环丙唑醇1 | 9.06 | 466.00 | 109.12 | 427.05 |
由表4可知，百里香酚和环丙唑醇在质量比为1-30：15-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即百里香酚和环丙唑醇复配后对菠萝黑腐病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用。
表5 百里香酚和双炔酰菌胺复配对菠萝黑腐病原菌的室内生物活性测定
由表5可知，百里香酚和双炔酰菌胺在质量比为1-60：40-1范围内的共毒系数均大于120，即百里香酚和双炔酰菌胺复配后对菠萝黑腐病原菌的生物活性表现为增效作用。尤其当质量比为10：1时，共毒系数达到了635.54，增效作用尤其显著。
综上可以看出，本发明防治菠萝黑腐病农药组合物中复配的两种活性成分之间无交互抗性，复配后两种有效成分之间具有明显的协同增效作用，可以提高对菠萝黑腐病的防治效果，减少药剂的单次使用剂量，降低防治成本，降低农药残留。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (1)
1.一种防治菠萝黑腐病的农药组合物，其特征在于，其有效成分由百里香酚与丁香菌酯复配而成；所述百里香酚和丁香菌酯的质量比为1-30：80-1。
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