CN116035018A - 一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物及其应用,其有效活性成分由四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配而成。本发明采用上述结构的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,有效治理花生果腐病,并且通过不同作用机制杀菌剂的复配使用,来延缓病原菌抗药性的产生和发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域,特别是涉及一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物及其应用。
背景技术
花生作为目前产油效率最高的油料作物,对保障我国食用植物油供给安全具有举足轻重的作用。但近几年来,由于气候变化、土壤生态环境恶化、常年连作及抗病品种缺乏等原因,使花生果腐病(又称烂果病)成为制约我国花生安全生产和花生产业发展的重要因素。花生果腐病是由多种病原复合侵染而引起的土传病害,其优势病原为茄腐镰刀菌(Fusariumsolani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),主要危害花生的荚果,造成荚果变黑变褐,严重时会引起荚果腐烂甚至种仁腐烂,导致花生减产15%-80%,严重地块甚至绝收。但是,目前现有技术中用于防治花生果腐病的药剂少之又少,并且当前大部分杀菌剂为单一靶标药剂,长期频繁使用会导致病原菌产生抗药性,从而加大防治难度。因此,急需寻找高效、低毒的药剂或复配组合来控制花生果腐病的危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物及其应用,有效治理花生果腐病,并且通过不同作用机制杀菌剂的复配使用,来延缓病原菌抗药性的产生和发展。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其有效活性成分由四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配而成。
优选的,四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:20-20:1。
优选的,四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:5-1:20。
优选的,四霉素与咯菌腈的质量比为1:20-20:1。
优选的,四霉素与咯菌腈的质量比为1:1-1:20或10:1。
一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物在防治花生果腐病中的应用。
四霉素(原梧宁霉素)是一种新型农用抗生素,为不吸水链霉菌梧州亚种的发酵代谢产物。该药剂有较广的杀菌活性,可用于防治小麦赤霉病、白粉病、花生根腐病、玉米丝黑穗病、水稻稻曲病等26种病原真菌。
吡唑萘菌胺是一种新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂,主要通过干扰病原菌能量产生而发挥抑菌活性,对蔬菜灰霉病、黄瓜白粉病、黄瓜靶斑病和苹果轮纹病等具有较好的防治效果。
咯菌腈是由先正达公司开发的新型非内吸性苯基吡咯类杀菌剂,广泛用于防治担子菌、子囊菌和半知菌等引起的作物病害。由于咯菌腈高效低毒,对作物安全,且具有较长的持效期,成为目前全球销量最大的种子处理剂之一,据研究发现咯菌腈对花生果腐病也有很好的防治效果。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明组合物中的有效成分法四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配后具有很好的协同增效作用,可以提高花生果腐病的防治效果,且能够有效治理咯菌腈的抗性问题以及延缓四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺抗性的产生和发展。
下面通过实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进一步描述。
实施例
供试药剂:15%四霉素母液,92%吡唑萘菌胺原药,98%咯菌腈原药。
供试病原菌:茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum),分别从河南浚县和原阳田间病果上采集分离得到。
将原药按常规方法配制成实验需要的不同浓度的单剂和配比组合。将四霉素母液利用灭菌后的去离子水配置一系列浓度,并最终加入PDA培养基后配制成20、10、5、2.5、1、0.5、0.1mg/L;吡唑萘菌胺原药,咯菌腈原药利用丙酮溶解配制成1×104mg/L的母液,吡唑萘菌胺加入PDA培养基后配制成100、50、20、10、5、1、0.5、0.1mg/L;咯菌腈最终浓度为3000、1000、500、100、50、20、10、5、1、0.5、0.1mg/L。根据需要的配比选用不同浓度的溶液进行混合,配置成混合菌剂。
测试方法
参照《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂》,通过抑制菌丝生长速率法测定了不同处理浓度对两种病原菌的抑制活性,接种7d后用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算各处理的菌丝生长抑制率。
抑制率(%)=[(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/(对照菌落直径-菌饼直径)]×100。
采用DPSv7.5软件处理数据,求每种处理的EC50值,按照孙云沛法计算出共毒系数,计算公式如下:
共毒系数(CTC)=[(1/EC50M)/(PA/EC50A+PB/EC50B+…)]×100;
A、B…为单剂,M为混合药剂。EC50A为A药剂抑制中浓度,EC50B为B药剂抑制中浓度,EC50M为混合药剂的抑制中浓度,P为有效成分的百分含量,混剂共毒系数为CTC。共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用,80<CTC<120表现为相加作用,CTC≤80表现为拮抗作用。
杀菌组合物的共毒系数(CTC)的实验室测定:
以四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺原药或咯菌腈为有效成分,通过不同配比进行复配后形成的混剂,采用如上所述测定方法进行共毒系数(CTC)的测定,其结果见表1和表2。
表1不同质量比四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配对茄腐镰刀菌菌丝生长的毒力
试验药剂及配比 | <![CDATA[EC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L)]]> | 共毒系数(CTC) |
四霉素 | 0.90 | - |
吡唑萘菌胺 | 21.85 | - |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:20 | 7.84 | 132.42 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:10 | 5.50 | 127.84 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:5 | 3.13 | 143.54 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:1 | 1.72 | 100.84 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=5:1 | 0.93 | 115.73 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=10:1 | 1.09 | 90.97 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=20:1 | 0.82 | 114.86 |
咯菌腈 | 1311.63 | - |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:20 | 10.76 | 173.77 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:10 | 3.36 | 293.52 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:5 | 1.04 | 521.46 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:1 | 0.78 | 230.33 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=5:1 | 1.27 | 85.60 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=10:1 | 0.79 | 125.49 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=20:1 | 1.10 | 85.79 |
由表1可以看出,以四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺为有效成分,以上述不同质量比进行复配得到各个杀菌组合物均对茄腐镰刀菌具有良好的抑制活性,两者在复配质量比在1:5-1:20的范围内时,共毒系数均大于120,表现出增效作用。说明该杀菌组合物对茄腐镰刀菌具有明显的杀菌增效作用。
此外,由于咯菌腈在花生田中防治根茎腐病已有较长使用历史,而根腐病的病原-茄腐镰刀菌已对咯菌腈产生了抗性,因此,进一步测定了茄腐镰刀菌抗性菌株对不同复配质量比的四霉素和咯菌腈的敏感性。结果表明,两种杀菌剂不同复配质量比均对茄腐镰刀菌抗性菌株具有较强的抑制活性,除四霉素和咯菌腈复配质量比5:1和20:1外,其他不同复配质量比的共毒系数均大于120,表现出增效作用。这表明四霉素和咯菌腈在合适的复配质量比下能够有效治理咯菌腈的抗性,且能延缓四霉素抗性的发展。
表2不同质量比四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的毒力
由表2可知,以四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺为有效成分,以上述不同质量比进行复配得到各个杀菌组合物对尖孢镰刀菌也有良好的抑制活性,且在相同的复配质量比1:5-1:20范围内,对尖孢镰刀菌也表现出增效作用,说明该杀菌组合物对尖孢镰刀菌也具有明显的杀菌增效作用,可见,四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺的复配可成为防治花生果腐病的理想药剂。
此外,尖孢镰刀菌对咯菌腈也表现出了抗药性。不过除四霉素和咯菌腈复配质量比5:1和20:1外,其他不同复配质量比下的共毒系数均大于120,同样表现出增效作用。这表明四霉素和咯菌腈在合适的复配质量比下,也能够有效治理尖孢镰刀菌抗药性。
杀菌组合物对茄腐镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌产孢量的影响测定:
茄腐镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌在25℃下培养7d后,将5mm的边缘菌饼转移到1mg/L浓度下的四霉素、吡唑萘菌胺和咯菌腈以及不同复配质量比的PDA平板上,其中无药剂平板为对照。在25℃下培养12d后,统计各处理的产孢量,实验结果见表3和表4。
表3在1mg/L浓度下三种单剂及不同复配质量比对茄腐镰刀菌产孢量的影响
试验药剂及配比 | <![CDATA[产孢量(单位10<sup>6</sup>个)]]> | 产孢抑制率(%) |
清水对照 | 421.33 | - |
四霉素 | 120.00 | 71.52 |
吡唑萘菌胺 | 183.07 | 56.55 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:20 | 117.00 | 72.23 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:10 | 113.33 | 73.10 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:5 | 107.33 | 74.53 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=1:1 | 110.13 | 73.86 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=5:1 | 95.07 | 77.44 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=10:1 | 89.33 | 78.80 |
四霉素:吡唑萘菌胺=20:1 | 117.33 | 72.15 |
咯菌腈 | 85.07 | 79.81 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:20 | 48.00 | 88.61 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:10 | 32.93 | 92.18 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:5 | 36.80 | 91.27 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=1:1 | 57.33 | 86.39 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=5:1 | 76.00 | 81.96 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=10:1 | 69.33 | 83.54 |
四霉素:咯菌腈=20:1 | 89.33 | 78.80 |
孢子作为病原菌在田间重要的传播体,对病原菌种群的发展具有重要意义。由表3可知,四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺单剂对茄腐镰刀菌的产孢抑制率分别为71.52%和56.55%;四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺在复配质量比为1:20-20:1的范围内,对茄腐镰刀菌的产孢抑制率均高于四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺单剂的抑制率。四霉素与咯菌腈在复配质量比为1:20-20:1的范围内,对茄腐镰刀菌的产孢抑制率也均高于四霉素和咯菌腈单剂的抑制率。
表4在1mg/L浓度下三种单剂及不同复配质量比对尖孢镰刀菌产孢量的影响
由表4可知,四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺对尖孢镰刀菌的产孢抑制率分别为61.41%和42.48%。其中四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺在复配质量比1:20-20:1范围内对尖孢镰刀菌的产孢抑制率均高于两种单剂的抑制率。四霉素与咯菌腈在复配质量比1:20-20:1范围内对尖孢镰刀菌的产孢抑制率均高于咯菌腈单剂的抑制率。除四霉素和咯菌腈1:1复配质量比外,其他复配比例的抑制率均高于四霉素单剂的抑制率。
由此可知,四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺在复配质量比1:5-1:20范围内对花生果腐病的两种优势病原菌-茄腐镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝生长均有明显的抑制增效作用,且两种药剂在复配质量比1:20-20:1范围内对两种病原菌的产孢抑制率也均高于两种单剂的抑制率。此外,四霉素和咯菌腈在复配质量比1:1-1:20范围内也均对茄腐镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝生长有明显的抑制增效作用,且在该复配质量比范围内,产孢抑制率也明显优于两种药剂的单剂。因此,四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈的复配组合均可用于防治花生果腐病,且能够有效治理咯菌腈的抗性问题以及延缓四霉素和吡唑萘菌胺抗性的发展。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:其有效活性成分由四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺或咯菌腈复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:20-20:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:四霉素与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:5-1:20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:四霉素与咯菌腈的质量比为1:20-20:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:四霉素与咯菌腈的质量比为1:1-1:20或10:1。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种防治花生果腐病的杀菌组合物在防治花生果腐病中的应用。
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