CN116267196B - Self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device - Google Patents
Self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267196B CN116267196B CN202211571879.6A CN202211571879A CN116267196B CN 116267196 B CN116267196 B CN 116267196B CN 202211571879 A CN202211571879 A CN 202211571879A CN 116267196 B CN116267196 B CN 116267196B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D75/00—Accessories for harvesters or mowers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device which comprises a right-angle turning clamping conveying rail, a leaf peeling roller group, a spiral leaf crushing and returning device, a stem and fruit cutting and separating device, a chassis walking device and a cutting and harvesting device, wherein the chassis walking device is connected with the cutting and harvesting device; the chassis walking device is provided with a cutting harvesting device for harvesting broccoli with roots, leaves and fruits; the right-angle turning clamping conveying track is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device; the leaf and peel removing roller sets are positioned at two sides of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track and are used for removing the leaves and the peels of broccoli; the spiral broken leaf returning device is positioned at two sides of the leaf peeling roller group; the stem and fruit cutting and separating device is positioned at the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track and is used for separating stems and fruits of broccoli. The invention solves the problems of complete harvesting, leaf peeling and root and fruit separation of the whole broccoli.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of broccoli harvesting machinery or crop harvesting equipment, in particular to a self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device.
Background
Broccoli, also called broccoli and green cauliflower, is a cruciferae herb plant, and is favored by more and more growers in recent years due to the advantages of rich nutrition, high yield, strong cold resistance and the like, and the planting area is continuously increased. Along with the increasingly prominent problems of serious agricultural labor force transfer, population aging and the like, the problems of difficult labor, expensive labor and the like in broccoli production are solved, the further development of the broccoli industry is seriously limited, meanwhile, the current production mode of broccoli is still mainly manual operation, the standardized and mechanical production mode which is suitable for modern agriculture is lacked, and the production efficiency is lower.
In recent years, with the continuous development of combine harvester, the blank in the aspect of harvesting broccoli is filled up, and the problems in the aspect of harvesting broccoli are mainly related problems in the aspects of separate harvesting of flowers and fruits and tail vegetables, returning of leaves to the field and the like. The prior art discloses a harvester for accurately cutting broccoli, wherein the inclination angle of a conveying device is adjusted through a hydraulic rod IV, a camera is utilized to continuously shoot broccoli plant images, a control system platform recognizes the images and judges that the camera is positioned right above the broccoli, an ultrasonic ranging sensor measures the distance between the broccoli and the ultrasonic ranging sensor, the control system platform receives and processes distance signals, and the heights of a cutting knife I and a cutting knife II are adjusted so as to achieve the aim of accurately harvesting each broccoli; the prior art discloses a unordered close planting broccoli harvester with intelligent cutting function, removes the blade around the broccoli through the place ahead double helix and removes the leaf device, and the reverse double disc cutting device of constant speed is located double helix and removes leaf device below, utilizes reverse double disc cutting device of constant speed to realize the steady cutting of broccoli rhizome, guarantees that the rhizome of cutting off does not take place the damage, the unusual problem of incision such as split.
The prior art can finish harvesting broccoli, but still has a certain problem, and the invention has blank in the aspects of the harvesting of the broccoli and the processing of the leaves aiming at the cutting of the residual part, wherein the broccoli is a good raw material for making the hot pickled mustard tuber, if the harvesting of the broccoli is not performed in time, the leaf of the broccoli can be returned to the field after being crushed to increase the organic matters of the soil, improve the soil structure, loosen the soil, increase the porosity, reduce the capacity, promote the microbial activity and the development of the root system of crops, and simultaneously play the role of environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device, which is used for vertically clamping and conveying the whole broccoli plant, stripping and crushing most of leaves around the broccoli, returning to the field, protecting soil and environment, and further realizing the separation of the broccoli from the tail vegetables, so that the following procedures are reduced, namely the invention solves the problems of complete harvesting, leaf and peel peeling and root and fruit separation of the whole broccoli.
In order to realize the clamping and conveying work of the whole broccoli after harvest and ensure that most leaves are stripped in the conveying process, a right-angle turning conveying track and a leaf stripping and peeling roller set are designed, and in order to realize the function of crushing and returning the stripped leaves to the field, a spiral leaf crushing and returning device is designed; in order to realize the separation function of the tail vegetables and the broccoli flowers and fruits, a stem and fruit cutting and separating device is designed, the cutting and separating function is realized by utilizing the different diameters of the flowers and fruits and the tail vegetables, and the subsequent procedures are reduced.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device comprises a right-angle turning clamping conveying rail, a leaf peeling roller group, a spiral leaf crushing and returning device, a stem and fruit cutting and separating device, a chassis walking device and a cutting and harvesting device;
the chassis walking device is provided with a cutting harvesting device for harvesting broccoli with roots, leaves and fruits; the right-angle turning clamping conveying track is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device; the leaf and peel removing roller sets are positioned at two sides of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track and are used for removing the leaves and the peels of broccoli; the spiral broken leaf returning device is positioned at two sides of the leaf peeling roller group; the stem and fruit cutting and separating device is positioned at the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track and is used for separating stems and fruits of broccoli;
the right-angle turning clamping conveying rail comprises two conveying devices, a gap between the two conveying devices is a clamping conveying channel, and the width of the clamping conveying channel is smaller than the diameter of Yu Xilan flowers and fruits and is used for clamping and conveying broccoli roots, leaves and fruits; each conveying device comprises an active rotating roller, a servo motor, a first straight line section conveying belt, a connecting roller, a curve section conveying belt, a second straight line section conveying belt and a passive rotating roller; the driving rotating roller is connected with the servo motor; the driving rotating roller and the driven rotating roller are driven by a conveying belt; the driving rotating roller is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device, and the driven rotating roller is positioned at the input end of the stem and fruit cutting and separating device; a plurality of connecting rollers are arranged between the driving rotating roller and the driven rotating roller and are used for supporting the conveying belt; the conveyor belt comprises a first straight line section conveyor belt, a second straight line section conveyor belt and a curve section conveyor belt; a curve section conveyer belt is arranged between the first straight line section conveyer belt and the second straight line section conveyer belt; the first straight line section conveying belt or the second straight line section conveying belt or the curve section conveying belt is supported by at least 1 connecting roller.
Further, a synchronizer is arranged between the two conveying devices and used for keeping the conveying speeds of the conveying belts of the two conveying devices synchronous.
Further, the leaf peeling roller group comprises a leaf peeling roller driving shaft, a roller group support, a roller spiral rotating piece A, a roller spiral rotating piece B, a roller group partition plate and a leaf peeling roller driven shaft; the roller set support is a steel structure frame formed by a roller set angle connecting frame, a roller set upper support and a roller set vertical frame; the roller set bracket is arranged on the chassis travelling device; a plurality of peeling roller assemblies are arranged on the roller group support, and adjacent leather roller assemblies are separated by a roller group partition plate; the leather roller assembly comprises a roller spiral rotating piece A, a leaf peeling roller driving shaft, a leaf peeling roller driven shaft and a roller spiral rotating piece B; the leaf peeling roller driving shaft and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft are respectively provided with a roller spiral rotating piece A and a roller spiral rotating piece B, and are respectively supported on a roller group support, and the leaf peeling roller driving shaft and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft are in meshed transmission through gears; the leaf stripping roller driving shafts of the adjacent leather roller assemblies are connected through belt transmission.
Further, the roller spiral rotating sheets A and the roller spiral rotating sheets B on the driving shaft of the leaf stripping roller or the driven shaft of the leaf stripping roller are distributed in a staggered manner; the roller spiral rotating piece B on the driving shaft or the driven shaft of the leaf stripping roller corresponds to the roller spiral rotating piece A on the driving shaft or the driven shaft of the leaf stripping roller.
Further, the roller spiral rotating piece A is a rotary wafer type rotating piece; the roller spiral rotating piece B is a convex square rotating piece; during the rotation, the blades around the broccoli are rolled in and removed by the extrusion of the rotating disc and the square projections.
Further, the spiral crushing She Hai field device comprises a blade crushing roller cutter frame, a driven shaft, a driving shaft, a hydraulic push rod and a blade crushing roller underframe; the crushing She Gundao frame is arranged above the leaf crushing roller underframe; the supporting plates at two sides of the leaf crushing roller underframe are respectively connected with the hydraulic push rod and are used for changing the inclination angle of the leaf crushing roller underframe; a plurality of spiral leaf crushing units are arranged in the leaf crushing roller tool rest, and adjacent spiral leaf crushing units are separated by a partition plate; the spiral leaf crushing unit comprises a driving shaft and a driven shaft; the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively supported in the blade crushing roller tool rest, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are meshed through gears, and the driving shafts of adjacent spiral blade crushing units are connected through belt transmission; the driving shaft is provided with a first spiral broken blade, the driven shaft is provided with a second spiral broken blade, and the spiral direction of the first spiral broken blade is opposite to that of the second spiral broken blade.
Further, the rotation directions of the first spiral broken blade and the second spiral broken blade are opposite; the maximum diameter of the first spiral broken blade or the second spiral broken blade is 60mm; the hydraulic push rod controls the inclined angle between the leaf crushing roller underframe and the vertical surface to be 20-60 degrees, and the inclined angle between the leaf crushing roller underframe and the vertical surface is 45-60 degrees when the leaf crushing roller underframe works.
Further, the stem and fruit cutting and separating device comprises a broccoli basket, a connecting rail, a vertical bracket, a horizontal sliding plate, a rail separator, a rotary cutter, a fruit dropping device and a tail vegetable basket; one end of the connecting rail is connected with the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying rail; the other end of the connecting track is connected with the fruit dropping device and is used for conveying broccoli fruits into the fruit dropping device; the horizontal sliding plate is connected with the chassis walking device through four vertical supports, the rotary cutter is positioned below the horizontal sliding plate, and the rotary cutter is positioned right below the joint of the fruit dropping device and is used for cutting broccoli to separate flowers, fruits and tail vegetables; the tail vegetable basket is positioned right below the fruit dropping device and is arranged above the chassis travelling device; the track type separator is arranged below the horizontal sliding plate, the track type separator and the horizontal sliding plate are separated by the thickness of a rotary cutter, and the broccoli basket is arranged below the outlet end of the track type separator and is fixed above the chassis travelling device.
Further, 7-8 groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the outer side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track; 5-6 groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the inner side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track; the leather roller assembly near the curve section conveyer belt is tangent to the motion track of the curve section conveyer belt.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device is different from the traditional horizontal gesture conveying mode, the broccoli gesture is ensured to be kept in a vertical state in the conveying process by the right-angle turning clamping conveying track, meanwhile, the track achieves a 90-degree turning function, the broccoli is turned while kept in the vertical gesture, and further, the follow-up leaf and peel peeling process can be completely and efficiently achieved.
2. According to the self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device, most of leaf and peel removing procedures are finished in the conveying process of broccoli through the leaf and peel removing roller group and the spiral leaf crushing and returning device, meanwhile, the spiral leaf crushing and returning function is realized, the leaves are crushed and returned to the field more fully, waste utilization is achieved, soil is fertilized, and pollution to the environment is reduced.
3. According to the self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device, the angle of the bottom frame of the leaf crushing roller is controlled by the hydraulic push rod, and the spiral leaf crushing device is used for harvesting and stabilizing the gravity center in a walking state; when in work, the spiral leaf crushing device is unfolded to 60 degrees, so that the broccoli leaves are fully contacted with the rotary blades, and the fine crushing is thorough.
4. According to the self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device, the broccoli fruit and tail vegetable separating function is achieved through the stem and fruit cutting and separating device by utilizing the fact that the diameters of broccoli fruits and tail vegetables are different, and the broccoli fruits and tail vegetables fall into different vegetable baskets through different tracks, so that the functions of separating, classifying and harvesting are achieved, and subsequent procedures are reduced.
5. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device provided by the invention realizes the functions of conveying, removing leaves, returning to the field, separating, classifying and harvesting and the like of the whole broccoli, integrates a plurality of working procedures into a whole, reduces subsequent treatment, directly obtains a better finished product, and improves the harvesting efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, in which the drawings are some embodiments of the invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvester according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a part of a quarter turn clamping conveying track according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a leaf peeling roller set according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the spiral leaf crushing and returning device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a spiral blade according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a partial top view of the spiral broken leaf returning device and the stem and fruit cutting and separating device.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a stem and fruit cutting and separating device according to the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the stem and fruit cutting and separating device according to the invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the combined harvesting and separating process of the roots, leaves and fruits of broccoli according to the invention.
In the figure:
1-right angle turning clamping conveying tracks; 101-actively rotating a roller; 102-a servo motor; 103-a first straight section conveyor belt; 104-connecting roller I; 105-connecting roller II; 106, fixing a tensioning roller I; 107-curve segment conveyor belt; 108-connecting roller III; 109-connecting roller IV; 110-a second straight section conveyor belt; 111-a passive roller; 117-drive sprocket; 118-drive sprocket; 119-chain;
2-a leaf peeling roller group; 201-stripping She Gunxiao belt wheels; 202, a driving shaft of a leaf stripping roller; 203-a first drive belt; 204, a large belt wheel of a leaf peeling roller; 206-a straight roller set upper bracket; 207-straight roller set angle connection frame; 208-a vertical frame of the straight roller set; 209-a roller screw blade A; 210-a roller spiral piece B; 211-a roller set separator; 212-bearing; 213-a drive gear; 214-a driven gear; 215-a driven shaft of a leaf peeling roller;
3-spiral leaf crushing and returning device; 301-a leaf crushing roller blade frame; 302, a large belt wheel of a leaf crushing roller; 304-a leaf crushing roller driving gear; 305, a leaf crushing roller driven gear; 306-a driven shaft; 307-crushing She Gunxiao belt wheels; 308-driving shaft; 309-a second conveyor belt; 310-hydraulic push rod; 311-a leaf crushing roller underframe; 312-1-first helical crushed blade; 312-2-second helical crushed blade;
4-stem and fruit cutting and separating device; 401-broccoli basket; 402-connecting tracks; 403-vertical supports; 404-horizontal skateboard; 405-an orbital separator; 406-rotating a cutter; 407-fruit dropping device; 408-a tail basket; 5-chassis running gear; 6-cutting harvesting device.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
As shown in figure 1, the self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device comprises a right-angle turning clamping conveying rail 1, a leaf peeling roller group 2, a spiral leaf crushing and returning device 3, a stem and fruit cutting and separating device 4, a chassis travelling device 5 and a cutting and harvesting device 6;
The chassis walking device 5 is provided with a cutting and harvesting device 6 for harvesting broccoli with roots, leaves and fruits; the cutting and harvesting device 6 conveys the harvested broccoli with the root leaves and fruits in a vertical state during the harvesting process, and the structure of the cutting and harvesting device 6 is not described in detail because it is the prior art. The right-angle turning clamping conveying track 1 is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device 6; the leaf and peel removing roller sets 2 are positioned at two sides of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track 1 and are used for removing the leaves and peels of broccoli; the spiral broken leaf returning device 3 is positioned at two sides of the leaf peeling roller group 2; the stem and fruit cutting and separating device 4 is positioned at the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track 1 and is used for separating stems and fruits of broccoli;
As shown in fig. 2, the quarter turn clamping and conveying track 1 comprises two conveying devices, a gap between the two conveying devices is a clamping and conveying channel, and the width of the clamping and conveying channel is smaller than the diameter of Yu Xilan flowers and fruits, and the clamping and conveying channel is used for clamping and conveying broccoli roots, leaves and fruits; each conveying device comprises an active rotating roller 101, a servo motor 102, a first straight-line section conveying belt 103, a connecting roller, a curve section conveying belt 107, a second straight-line section conveying belt 110 and a passive rotating roller 111; the driving rotary roller 101 is connected with a servo motor 102; the driving roller 101 and the driven roller 111 are driven by a conveyer belt; the driving roller 101 is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device 6, and the driven roller 111 is positioned at the input end of the stem and fruit cutting and separating device 4; a plurality of connecting rollers are arranged between the driving rotating roller 101 and the driven rotating roller 111 and are used for supporting the conveying belt; the conveyor belts comprise a first straight line section conveyor belt 103, a second straight line section conveyor belt 110 and a curve section conveyor belt 107; a curved section conveyer belt 107 is arranged between the first straight section conveyer belt 103 and the second straight section conveyer belt 110; two ends of the first straight section conveying belt 103 are supported by the driving rotating roller 101 and the connecting roller I104, and two ends of the curve section conveying belt 107 are supported by the connecting roller II 105 and the connecting roller III 108; the two ends of the second straight-line section conveying belt 110 are supported by a driven rotating roller 111 and a connecting roller IV 109, and at least 2 fixed tensioning rollers I106 are arranged in the middle of the curve section conveying belt 107 for tensioning.
In embodiments the width of the gripping delivery channel is less than 50mm. And a synchronizer is arranged between the two conveying devices and used for keeping the conveying speeds of the conveying belts of the two conveying devices synchronous. As shown in fig. 3, the synchronizer includes a drive sprocket 117, a drive sprocket 118, and a chain 119; the driving sprocket 117 is arranged on the driven roller 111 of one conveying device, the driving sprocket 118 is arranged on the driven roller 111 of the other conveying device, and the driving sprocket 117 and the driving sprocket 118 are provided with a chain 119, so that the conveying speeds of the conveying belts of the two conveying devices can be ensured to be synchronous, and broccoli with root leaves and fruits can be prevented from rolling in the clamping conveying channel due to the occurrence of the asynchronous condition.
In the embodiment, the height of the quarter turn clamping conveying rail 1 is equal to the tail end of the cutting and harvesting device, the horizontal height of the top end is 800mm, the length of the first straight-line section conveying belt 103 is 1000 mm-1200 mm, the diameters of the driving rotating roller, the connecting roller and the fixing roller are all 100mm according to the size of the chassis running device 5, the curve section conveying belt 107 is a quarter arc, the outer diameter radius of the curve section conveying belt 107 is 750mm, the length of the second straight-line section conveying belt 110 is 500-700 mm, and the length of the second straight-line section conveying belt is adjusted according to the size of the chassis running device 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the leaf peeling roller set 2 comprises a leaf peeling roller driving shaft 202, a roller set bracket, a roller spiral rotating piece a209, a roller spiral rotating piece B210, a roller set partition 211 and a leaf peeling roller driven shaft 215; the roller set bracket comprises a steel structure frame formed by a roller set angle connecting frame 207, a roller set upper bracket 206 and a roller set vertical frame 208; the roller set bracket is arranged on the chassis running gear 5; a plurality of peeling roller assemblies are arranged on the roller group support, and adjacent peeling roller assemblies are separated by a roller group partition 211; the leather roller assembly comprises a roller spiral rotating piece A209, a leaf peeling roller driving shaft 202, a leaf peeling roller driven shaft 215 and a roller spiral rotating piece B210; the leaf peeling roller driving shaft 202 and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft 215 are respectively provided with a roller spiral rotating piece A209 and a roller spiral rotating piece B210, the leaf peeling roller driving shaft 202 and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft 215 are respectively supported on a roller group support through bearings 212, one end of the leaf peeling roller driving shaft 202 is provided with a driving gear 213, one end of the leaf peeling roller driven shaft 215 is provided with a driven gear 214, and the driving gear 213 is in gear engagement transmission with the driven gear 214. The other end of the leaf-peeling roller driving shaft 202 of one of the leather roller assemblies is provided with a leaf-peeling She Gunxiao belt wheel 201, the other end of the leaf-peeling roller driving shaft 202 adjacent to the leather roller assembly is provided with a leaf-peeling roller big belt wheel 204, and the leaf-peeling She Gunxiao belt wheel 201 and the leaf-peeling roller big belt wheel 204 are driven by a first driving belt 203.
The roller spiral rotating sheets A209 and the roller spiral rotating sheets B210 on the driving shaft 202 or the driven shaft 215 of the leaf stripping roller are distributed in a staggered manner; the roller spiral rotating piece B210 on the driving shaft 202 or the driven shaft 215 of the leaf stripping roller corresponds to the roller spiral rotating piece A209 on the driving shaft 202 or the driven shaft 215 of the leaf stripping roller. The roller spiral rotating piece A209 is a rotary wafer type rotating piece; the roller spiral rotating piece B210 is a convex square rotating piece; during the rotation, the blades around the broccoli are rolled in and removed by the extrusion of the rotating disc and the square projections.
In the embodiment, the thickness of the roller set partition 211 is 12mm, the width is 750mm, the height is 90mm, the upper roller set bracket 206 is a square hollow tube with the outer ring of 30mm×30mm and the inner ring of 20×20mm, the length is 700mm, the size of the vertical roller set bracket 208 is 2mm×40mm×800mm, and the angle roller set connecting bracket 207 is respectively connected with the upper roller set bracket 206, the vertical roller set bracket 208 and the roller set partition 211.
7-8 Groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the outer side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track 1; 5-6 groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the inner side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track 1; the roller assemblies near the curved section belt 107 are tangential to the trajectory of the curved section belt 107. The dimensions of the group of the leaf peeling rollers 2 are 800mm multiplied by 400mm multiplied by 120mm, and the horizontal height of the bottom end of the group of the leaf peeling rollers 2 is 700mm.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the spiral leaf crushing and returning device 3 comprises a leaf crushing roller cutter frame 301, a driven shaft 306, a driving shaft 308, a hydraulic push rod 310 and a leaf crushing roller underframe 311; the leaf crushing roller knife rest 301 is arranged above the leaf crushing roller underframe 311; the support plates at two sides of the leaf crushing roller underframe 311 are respectively connected with the hydraulic push rod 310 and are used for changing the inclination angle of the leaf crushing roller underframe 311; a plurality of spiral leaf crushing units are arranged in the leaf crushing roller knife rest 301, and adjacent spiral leaf crushing units are separated by a partition plate; the spiral leaf crushing unit comprises a driving shaft 308 and a driven shaft 306; the driving shaft 308 and the driven shaft 306 are respectively supported in the leaf crushing roller tool rest 301, the driving shaft 308 and the driven shaft 306 are meshed through a leaf crushing roller driving gear 304 and a leaf crushing roller driven gear 305, and the driving shafts 308 of adjacent spiral leaf crushing units are connected through belt transmission; one end of a driving shaft 308 of the spiral leaf crushing unit is provided with a big leaf crushing roller belt wheel 302, one end of the driving shaft 308 adjacent to the spiral leaf crushing unit is provided with a small She Gunxiao belt wheel 307, and the big leaf crushing roller belt wheel 302 and the small leaf crushing She Gunxiao belt wheel 307 are driven by a second driving belt 209. The driving shaft 308 is provided with a first spiral blade 312-1, the driven shaft 306 is provided with a second spiral blade 312-2, and the spiral direction of the first spiral blade 312-1 is opposite to that of the second spiral blade 312-2.
The first spiral blade 312-1 and the second spiral blade 312-2 rotate in opposite directions; the maximum diameter of the first spiral broken blade 312-1 or the second spiral broken blade 312-2 is 60mm; the pitch of the first spiral broken blade 312-1 or the second spiral broken blade 312-2 is 25mm, and the diameter of the cutter shaft is 30mm. The hydraulic push rod 310 moves to control the inclined movement of the leaf roller underframe 311, the hydraulic push rod 310 controls the inclined angle between the leaf roller underframe 311 and the vertical surface to be 20-60 degrees, and when the leaf roller underframe 311 works, the inclined angle between the leaf roller underframe 311 and the vertical surface is 45-60 degrees, so that the blades are fully contacted with the blades. When not in operation, the included angle between the spiral leaf crushing returning device 3 and the vertical surface is 20-30 degrees, thereby saving space, controlling the gravity center and facilitating the walking of the equipment.
As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the stem and fruit cutting and separating device 4 comprises a broccoli basket 401, a connecting rail 402, a vertical bracket 403, a horizontal sliding plate 404, a rail separator 405, a rotary cutter 406, a fruit dropping device 407 and a tail vegetable basket 408; one end of the connecting rail 402 is connected with the output end of the quarter turn clamping conveying rail 1; the other end of the connecting track 402 is connected with a fruit dropping device 407 and is used for conveying broccoli fruits into the fruit dropping device 407; the horizontal sliding plate 404 is connected with the chassis running gear 5 through four vertical brackets 403, the rotary cutter 406 is positioned below the horizontal sliding plate 404, and the rotary cutter 406 is positioned right below the junction of the fruit dropping device 407 and is used for cutting broccoli to separate flowers, fruits and tail vegetables; the tail vegetable basket 408 is positioned right below the fruit dropping device 407, and the tail vegetable basket 408 is arranged above the chassis walking device 5; the track type separator 405 is installed below the horizontal sliding plate 404, the track type separator 405 is separated from the horizontal sliding plate 404 by the thickness of a rotary cutter 406, and the broccoli basket 401 is located below the outlet end of the track type separator 405 and is fixed above the chassis running gear 5.
The length of the connecting track 402 is 150 mm-200 mm, the distance is 50mm, antifriction materials are plated on the surface to reduce friction resistance, the diameter of a rotating cutter 406 distributed at the tail end of the connecting track is 120mm, the cutting rotating speed is 180 r/s-200 r/s, the contact part of broccoli flowers and fruits and the tail vegetables is rapidly cut off, the tail vegetables fall into a tail vegetable basket 408 below the connecting track, and broccoli fruits cannot fall down due to the fact that the diameter of the tail vegetables is larger than 50mm, the diameter of the inner ring of the fruit falling device 407 is 150mm, the broccoli flowers and fruits fall into the track type separator 405 through the fruit falling device 407, the length of the broccoli flowers and fruits is 500 mm-600 mm, the angle is 12-15 degrees, and the broccoli flowers and fruits fall into the broccoli basket 401 through the track type separator 405, so that the root and fruit separation and different vegetable basket falling functions are realized.
As shown in fig. 10, the whole broccoli is cut and harvested by a cutting and harvesting device and vertically conveyed to a quarter turn clamping conveying rail; the vertical gesture of broccoli plant is carried has been guaranteed to right angle turning centre gripping delivery track 1, 90 turn's function has been realized simultaneously, the change of the contact surface with the peeling roller of peeling leaf under the unchangeable condition of vertical gesture has been guaranteed, in the in-process of carrying along right angle turning centre gripping delivery track, the peeling roller group 2 of track both sides is through the round trip of cylinder spiral rotor with the around leaf and skin peeling of broccoli, the spiral garrulous leaf returning device 3 that distributes at the peeling roller group both ends is through the high-speed rotation of spiral garrulous leaf blade with the leaf etc. that will peel off in this moment and fall into the field, realize returning field work, the broccoli passes through delivery track entering stem fruit cutting separator 4, make the broccoli in the track top through the distance of connecting the track, the caudal vegetable is in the track below, separate caudal vegetable and broccoli fruit through the rotary knife, the caudal vegetable falls into the caudal vegetable basket through the fruit device and falls into track separator and gets into the broccoli basket.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate technical solution, and this description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should consider the disclosure as a whole, and the technical solutions in the various embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combined harvesting and separating device is characterized by comprising a right-angle turning clamping conveying rail (1), a leaf peeling roller group (2), a spiral leaf crushing and returning device (3), a stem and fruit cutting and separating device (4), a chassis walking device (5) and a cutting and harvesting device (6);
The chassis walking device (5) is provided with a cutting and harvesting device (6) for harvesting broccoli with roots, leaves and fruits; the right-angle turning clamping conveying track (1) is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device (6); the leaf and peel removing roller sets (2) are positioned at two sides of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track (1) and used for removing the leaves and the peel of broccoli; the spiral broken leaf returning device (3) is positioned at two sides of the leaf peeling roller group (2); the stem and fruit cutting and separating device (4) is positioned at the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track (1) and is used for separating stems and fruits of broccoli;
The right-angle turning clamping conveying rail (1) comprises two conveying devices, a gap between the two conveying devices is a clamping conveying channel, and the width of the clamping conveying channel is smaller than the diameter of Yu Xilan flowers and fruits and is used for clamping and conveying broccoli roots, leaves and fruits; each conveying device comprises an active rotating roller (101), a servo motor (102), a first straight line section conveying belt (103), a connecting roller, a curve section conveying belt (107), a second straight line section conveying belt (110) and a passive rotating roller (111); the driving rotary roller (101) is connected with the servo motor (102); the driving roller (101) and the driven roller (111) are driven by a conveyer belt; the driving rotating roller (101) is positioned at the output end of the conveying, cutting and harvesting device (6), and the driven rotating roller (111) is positioned at the input end of the stem and fruit cutting and separating device (4); a plurality of connecting rollers are arranged between the driving rotating roller (101) and the driven rotating roller (111) and are used for supporting the conveying belt; the conveyor belts comprise a first straight-line section conveyor belt (103), a second straight-line section conveyor belt (110) and a curve section conveyor belt (107); a curve section conveyer belt (107) is arranged between the first straight line section conveyer belt (103) and the second straight line section conveyer belt (110); the first straight-line section conveyor belt (103) or the second straight-line section conveyor belt (110) or the curve section conveyor belt (107) is supported by at least 1 connecting roller.
2. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvester and separator according to claim 1, wherein a synchronizer is installed between the two conveying devices for keeping the conveying speeds of the conveying belts of the two conveying devices synchronous.
3. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device according to claim 1, wherein the leaf and peel roller set (2) comprises a leaf peeling roller driving shaft (202), a roller set bracket, a roller spiral rotating piece a (209), a roller spiral rotating piece B (210), a roller set partition plate (211) and a leaf peeling roller driven shaft (215); the roller set bracket comprises a steel structure frame formed by a roller set angle connecting frame (207), a roller set upper bracket (206) and a roller set vertical frame (208); the roller set bracket is arranged on the chassis traveling device (5); a plurality of peeling roller assemblies are arranged on the roller group support, and adjacent peeling roller assemblies are separated by a roller group partition plate (211); the peeling roller assembly comprises a roller spiral rotating sheet A (209), a peeling roller driving shaft (202), a peeling roller driven shaft (215) and a roller spiral rotating sheet B (210); the leaf peeling roller driving shaft (202) and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft (215) are respectively provided with a roller spiral rotating piece A (209) and a roller spiral rotating piece B (210), the leaf peeling roller driving shaft (202) and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft (215) are respectively supported on a roller group bracket, and the leaf peeling roller driving shaft (202) and the leaf peeling roller driven shaft (215) are in meshed transmission through gears; the leaf peeling roller driving shafts (202) adjacent to the leaf peeling roller assemblies are connected through a belt transmission.
4. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device according to claim 3, wherein the roller spiral rotating sheets A (209) and the roller spiral rotating sheets B (210) on the driving shaft (202) or the driven shaft (215) of the leaf stripping roller are distributed in a staggered manner; the roller spiral rotating piece B (210) on the leaf stripping roller driving shaft (202) or the leaf stripping roller driven shaft (215) corresponds to the roller spiral rotating piece A (209) on the leaf stripping roller driving shaft (202) or the leaf stripping roller driven shaft (215).
5. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvester and separator according to claim 4, wherein the drum spiral rotor a (209) is a rotary disc rotor; the roller spiral rotating piece B (210) is a convex square rotating piece; during the rotation, the blades around the broccoli are rolled in and removed by the extrusion of the rotating disc and the raised square.
6. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device according to claim 1, wherein the spiral leaf crushing and returning device (3) comprises a leaf crushing roller cutter frame (301), a driven shaft (306), a driving shaft (308), a hydraulic push rod (310) and a leaf crushing roller underframe (311); the leaf crushing roller knife rest (301) is arranged above the leaf crushing roller underframe (311); the support plates at two sides of the leaf crushing roller underframe (311) are respectively connected with a hydraulic push rod (310) and are used for changing the inclination angle of the leaf crushing roller underframe (311); a plurality of spiral leaf crushing units are arranged in the leaf crushing roller knife rest (301), and adjacent spiral leaf crushing units are separated by a partition plate; the spiral leaf crushing unit comprises a driving shaft (308) and a driven shaft (306); the driving shaft (308) and the driven shaft (306) are respectively supported in the leaf crushing roller tool rest (301), the driving shaft (308) and the driven shaft (306) are meshed through gears, and the driving shafts (308) of adjacent spiral leaf crushing units are connected through belt transmission; the driving shaft (308) is provided with a first spiral broken blade (312-1), the driven shaft (306) is provided with a second spiral broken blade (312-2), and the spiral direction of the first spiral broken blade (312-1) is opposite to that of the second spiral broken blade (312-2).
7. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvester separator according to claim 6, wherein the first spiral leaf crushing blade (312-1) and the second spiral leaf crushing blade (312-2) rotate in opposite directions; the maximum diameter of the first spiral broken blade (312-1) or the second spiral broken blade (312-2) is 60mm; the hydraulic push rod (310) controls the inclination angle of the leaf crushing roller underframe (311) and the vertical surface to be 20-60 degrees, and the included angle between the leaf crushing roller underframe (311) and the vertical surface is 45-60 degrees when the leaf crushing roller underframe works.
8. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvester-separator of claim 1, wherein the stem and fruit cutting separator (4) comprises a broccoli basket (401), a connecting rail (402), a vertical bracket (403), a horizontal slide plate (404), a rail separator (405), a rotary cutter (406), a fruit dropping device (407) and a tail basket (408); one end of the connecting rail (402) is connected with the output end of the right-angle turning clamping conveying rail (1); the other end of the connecting track (402) is connected with a fruit dropping device (407) and is used for conveying broccoli fruits into the fruit dropping device (407); the horizontal sliding plate (404) is connected with the chassis travelling device (5) through four vertical supports (403), the rotary cutter (406) is positioned below the horizontal sliding plate (404), and the rotary cutter (406) is positioned right below the joint of the fruit dropping device (407) and is used for cutting broccoli to separate flowers, fruits and tail vegetables; the tail vegetable basket (408) is positioned right below the fruit dropping device (407), and the tail vegetable basket (408) is arranged above the chassis travelling device (5); the track type separator (405) is arranged below the horizontal sliding plate (404), the track type separator (405) and the horizontal sliding plate (404) are separated by the thickness of a rotary cutter (406), and the broccoli basket (401) is arranged below the outlet end of the track type separator (405) and is fixed above the chassis walking device (5).
9. The self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device according to claim 3, wherein 7-8 groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the outer side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track (1); 5-6 groups of leather roller assemblies are distributed on the inner side of the right-angle turning clamping conveying track (1); the leather roller assembly near the curve section conveyer belt (107) is tangential to the movement track of the curve section conveyer belt (107).
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| CN202211571879.6A CN116267196B (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Self-propelled broccoli root, leaf and fruit combine harvesting and separating device |
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| CN116267196B true CN116267196B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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| CN114982474A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏大学 | Self-propelled broccoli tail vegetable cutting and leaf stripping combined harvesting equipment |
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| US5168801A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-12-08 | Switek Jr Robert E | Apparatus for slicing broccoli and the like into spears |
| JPH05138590A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-06-01 | Ishii Kogyo Kk | Device for cutting off branch of broccoli |
| EP1894464A1 (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2008-03-05 | Tumoba B.V. | Deivce for harvesting vegetable plants, in particular broccoli |
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| CN116267196A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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