CN116267158A - Tobacco field nutrient management method and fertilizer for tobacco field nutrient management method - Google Patents
Tobacco field nutrient management method and fertilizer for tobacco field nutrient management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267158A CN116267158A CN202310377209.9A CN202310377209A CN116267158A CN 116267158 A CN116267158 A CN 116267158A CN 202310377209 A CN202310377209 A CN 202310377209A CN 116267158 A CN116267158 A CN 116267158A
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- flue
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- cured tobacco
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000009406 nutrient management Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IHCCLXNEEPMSIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 IHCCLXNEEPMSIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco field nutrient management method and a fertilizer used for the same, and the tobacco field nutrient management method comprises the following steps: s1: applying a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco to the bottom strips of the ridges after the tobacco field is prepared in advance; s2: then ridging, and digging up pond and planting cigarettes for irrigation; s3: dressing a special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco 15-16 days after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco; s4: combining intertillage and film uncovering to apply a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco 25-30 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting; s5: after flue-cured tobacco enters a vigorous period, carrying out light irrigation by combining with weather conditions; s6: and applying potassium sulfate 40-45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting. The nutrient proportion of the invention is based on the characteristics of soil nutrient supply and flue-cured tobacco nutrient absorption, so that the nutrient supply and flue-cured tobacco fertilizer requirement rule are more matched. The fertilization period accords with the nutrient absorption rule of the flue-cured tobacco, can improve the nutrient utilization rate, reduce the nutrient loss and save the labor. The method reduces the nutrient investment, reduces the environmental risk and saves the cost while considering the quality and income of tobacco farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco field management, in particular to a tobacco field nutrient management method and a fertilizer used for the tobacco field nutrient management method.
Background
Tobacco is one of important economic crops in China, and plays a certain role in the economic development of the national economy in China. However, tobacco fields have the following problems due to unreasonable fertilization management: (1) The unreasonable fertilization causes the deterioration of soil quality, which leads to the decrease of tobacco quality and serious nutrient loss; (2) The reasonable proportion of nutrient forms is ignored when the high nutrient content is pursued, so that the root growth, sugar content and aroma substance content of the flue-cured tobacco are obviously affected; (3) The proportion of organic and inorganic matters is unreasonable, so that the proportion of carbon and nitrogen is unbalanced, and the quality of tobacco leaves is poor; (4) The nitrogen supply period is not consistent with the requirement rule of tobacco plants, so that a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is lost, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is low.
Changing the current situations of tobacco leaf product quality degradation and soil quality deterioration starts from the aspects of fertilizer types, element proportions and whole-course nutrient management. At present, the prior art only provides one or more fertilizer products suitable for regional flue-cured tobacco and a preparation method thereof, but does not provide a whole-course nutrient management method matched with the fertilizer products, so that the fertilizer loses the original effect due to the preference of tobacco growers for planting modes, moisture management and fertilization habits in the application process. Therefore, how to scientifically apply fertilizer and manage nutrients in the whole process becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco field nutrient management method which is used for solving the technical problems in the background technology.
A tobacco field nutrient management method, comprising the following steps:
s1: applying a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco to the bottom strips of the ridges after the tobacco field is prepared in advance;
s2: then ridging, and digging up pond and planting cigarettes for irrigation;
s3: dressing a special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco 15-16 days after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
s4: combining intertillage and film uncovering to apply a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco 25-30 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting;
s5: after flue-cured tobacco enters a vigorous period, carrying out light irrigation by combining with weather conditions;
s6: and applying potassium sulfate 40-45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting.
In a preferred embodiment, the depth of the plough for preparing the soil in the tobacco field in the step S1 is more than 30cm; the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 750-800 kg/ha.
In a preferred embodiment, the ridge forming height in the step S2 is more than 40cm, and the ridge top width is 2-30 cm; the diameter of the pond is 20-22 cm, and the depth is 15-20cm; the irrigation mode is to irrigate root setting water, and the irrigation amount is 1.5-3 kg of each plant.
In a preferred embodiment, the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco in S3 and S4 is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount is 100-150 kg/ha.
In a preferred embodiment, the light irrigation mode in the step S5 is irrigation and ditching, water is not excessively ridged, and the irrigation height is 1/2-2/3 of the height of the ridge, namely, irrigation is immediately removed.
In a preferred embodiment, the potassium sulfate in the step S6 is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount is 160-200 kg/ha.
The fertilizer for the tobacco field nutrient management method comprises a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of organic substances and 62-67 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the organic matters comprise chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and oil cake; the inorganic fertilizer comprises an ammonia-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a potassium-containing compound, and the mass ratio of N: p (P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝(9-10):(13-14):(29-30)。
In a preferred embodiment, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of copper sulfate, 16-22 parts of zinc sulfate, 4-7 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 21-25 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 52-57 parts of anhydrous citric acid and 50-70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nutrient proportion of the invention is based on the characteristics of soil nutrient supply and flue-cured tobacco nutrient absorption, so that the nutrient supply and flue-cured tobacco fertilizer requirement rule are more matched.
2. The fertilization period accords with the nutrient absorption rule of the flue-cured tobacco, can improve the nutrient utilization rate, reduce the nutrient loss and save the labor. The method reduces the nutrient investment, reduces the environmental risk and saves the cost while considering the quality and income of tobacco farmers.
3. The whole-course nutrient management method corresponding to the nutrient proportion and the form are determined by optimizing the nutrient proportion and the form, and the technical scheme integrating flue-cured tobacco planting is provided, so that soil fertility improvement is covered, and sustainable development of tobacco fields is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Example 1
The invention provides a tobacco field nutrient management method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: applying a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco to the bottom strips of the ridges after the tobacco field is prepared in advance; the depth of the plough for preparing the tobacco field is 30cm; the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 750kg/ha.
S2: then ridging, and digging up pond and planting cigarettes for irrigation; the height of the ridge is 40cm, and the width of the ridge top is 25cm; the diameter of the pond is 20cm, and the depth is 15cm; the irrigation mode is to irrigate root setting water, and the irrigation amount is 1.5kg of each plant.
S3: topdressing a special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco 15 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 100kg/ha.
S4: the special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco is applied after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted for 30 days by combining intertillage and film uncovering; the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 110kg/ha.
S5: light irrigation is carried out after flue-cured tobacco enters a vigorous period (35 days after transplanting) and is combined with weather conditions; the light irrigation mode is irrigation and ditch-running, water is not too high in ridge, and the irrigation height is 1/2 of the ridge height, namely irrigation and removal are carried out.
S6: topdressing potassium sulfate 40 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting; the application mode of the potassium sulfate is water pouring, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 160kg/ha.
The fertilizer for the tobacco field nutrient management method comprises a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of organic matters and 62 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the organic matters comprise chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and oil cake; the inorganic fertilizer comprises an ammonia-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a potassium-containing compound, and the mass ratio of N: p (P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝9:13:29。
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of copper sulfate, 16 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of borax, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 21 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 52 parts of anhydrous citric acid and 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Comparative example 1
No fertilizer management mode.
Comparative example 2
The organic fertilizer nutrient management mode is to apply 1500kg/ha of solid organic fertilizer (3-3-7.5), 225kg/ha of liquid organic fertilizer (7-0-6.5), 525kg/ha of liquid organic fertilizer (7-0-6.5) for 15 days and 390kg/ha of potassium sulfate for 45 days. Other nutrient management measures are performed according to farmer habits. Wherein the numerical value (3-3-7.5) is the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the same applies below.
Comparative example 3,
The nutrient management mode of the compound fertilizer is that 150kg/ha of the compound fertilizer is applied on the basis, 150kg/ha of the compound fertilizer is applied after 15 days, 150kg/ha of the compound fertilizer is applied after 21 days, 150kg/ha of the potassium sulfate is applied after 30 days, and 150kg/ha of the compound fertilizer and 150kg/ha of the potassium sulfate are applied after 30 days. Other nutrient management measures are performed according to farmer habits.
Test site: the basic physicochemical properties of the bay bridge town in the white autonomous state of the large, the Yunnan province are that the pH value is 5.76, the organic matter content is 86.34g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 5.24g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.46g/kg, the total potassium content is 19.04g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 380.62mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 99.20mg/kg and the quick-acting potassium content is 234.40mg/kg.
Test varieties: k326
Planting density: 1100 plants per mu -1
Test time: 2022, 5, 1, 9, 8 days
And (3) test design: the test consisted of 4 treatments: (1) Nutrient management was performed in accordance with the non-fertilizing management mode of comparative example 1; (2) Nutrient management was performed according to the organic fertilizer nutrient management mode in comparative example 2; (3) Nutrient management is carried out according to the nutrient management mode of the compound fertilizer of the comparative example 3; (4) nutrient management was performed as in inventive example 1. Other management factors were the same, each treatment was repeated four times, and the granules were randomized.
The test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments on the economic Properties of flue-cured tobacco K326
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 1, inventive example 1 showed an improvement of 17.25%, 12.26% and 6.91% in yield, output value and medium smoke ratio over comparative example 2; the average price, the upper smoke ratio and the upper smoke ratio are improved by 3.79 percent, 19.81 percent and 3.38 percent compared with the comparative example 3, but no significant difference exists.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from table 2, in the period of the crop plants, the plant height of example 1 of the present invention was significantly increased by 36.14% compared with comparative example 1, and the plant height of example 1 was significantly decreased by 24.4% compared with comparative example 3 without significant difference from comparative example 2. There was no significant difference between treatments in terms of maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width. Example 1 increased by 33.69% over comparative example 1 in terms of maximum leaf area, but there was no significant difference between treatments. During the topping period, example 1 significantly improved by 7.31% and 7.99% in plant height and maximum leaf length compared to comparative example 1. There was no significant difference between treatments in terms of maximum leaf width. Comparative example 1 was 8.46% and 5.08% higher than comparative examples 1 and 2 in terms of maximum leaf area, but there was no significant difference between treatments.
TABLE 3 different treatments of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
From Table 3, it is clear that, in the case of comparative example 2, the loss of TN was significantly reduced by 33.42% in the case of example 1, 20.06% in the case of comparative example 3, and no significant difference was observed in the case of comparative example 1. In NO 3 — In terms of N loss, example 1 is significantly improved over each treatment. Finally, example 1 performed best in terms of nitrogen loss factor, being 0.52, followed by comparative example 3 and comparative example 2. Example 1 significantly reduced TP loss by 24.38% compared to comparative example 3 and 11.11% compared to comparative example 2. In terms of TDP loss, example 1 was significantly reduced by 23.49% compared to comparative example 3. Finally, example 1 has the lowest phosphorus loss factor, followed by comparative example 2.
Example 2
The technical scheme of the invention provides a tobacco field nutrient management method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: applying a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco to the bottom strips of the ridges after the tobacco field is prepared in advance; the depth of the plough for preparing the tobacco field is 40cm; the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 800kg/ha.
S2: then ridging, and digging up pond and planting cigarettes for irrigation; the height of the ridge is 42cm, and the width of the ridge top is 25-30 cm; the diameter of the pond is 22cm, and the depth is 20cm; the irrigation mode is to irrigate fixed root water, and the irrigation amount is 3kg of each plant.
S3: dressing a special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco 15-16 days after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco; the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 3cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 150kg/ha.
S4: combining intertillage and film uncovering to apply a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco 25-30 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting; the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is applied by watering with water, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 3cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 10kg/ha.
S5: after flue-cured tobacco enters a vigorous period, carrying out light irrigation by combining with weather conditions; the light irrigation mode is irrigation and ditch-running, the water is not too over the ridges, and the irrigation height is 1/2-2/3 of the height of the ridges, namely, the irrigation is immediately removed.
S6: and applying potassium sulfate 40-45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting. The application mode of the potassium sulfate is water pouring, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount was 200kg/ha.
The fertilizer for the tobacco field nutrient management method comprises a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of organic matters and 67 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the organic matters comprise chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and oil cake; the inorganic fertilizer comprises an ammonia-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a potassium-containing compound, and the mass ratio of N: p (P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝10:14:30。
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of copper sulfate, 22 parts of zinc sulfate, 7 parts of borax, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 25 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 57 parts of anhydrous citric acid and 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Comparative example 4
The organic fertilizer nutrient management mode is to apply 1500kg/ha of solid organic fertilizer (2-4-4), 225kg/ha of liquid organic fertilizer (6-2-12), 525kg/ha of liquid organic fertilizer (6-2-12) for 15 days and 390kg/ha of potassium sulfate for 45 days. Other nutrient management measures are performed according to farmer habits.
Comparative example 5
The nutrient management mode of the compound fertilizer is 225kg/ha of a basal application compound fertilizer (12-10-25), 37.5kg/ha of a topdressing compound fertilizer (12-10-25) after 7 days, 150kg/ha of a topdressing compound fertilizer (12-10-25) after 15 days, 150kg/ha of a topdressing compound fertilizer (12-10-25) after 30 days and 300kg/ha of potassium sulfate. Other nutrient management measures are performed according to farmer habits.
Test site: the basic physicochemical property of the three-town of Eryuan county, white, yuan, yunnan province is that the pH value is 8.00, the organic matter content is 70.36g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 4.36g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 1.77g/kg, the total potassium content is 11.64g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 232.27mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 127.98mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 501.50mg/kg.
Test varieties: safflower Dajinyuan
Planting density: 1100 strain per mu-1
Test time: 2022, 5, 18, 9, 10 days
And (3) test design: the test consisted of 4 treatments: (1) Nutrient management was performed in accordance with the non-fertilizing management mode of comparative example 1; (2) Nutrient management was performed according to the farmer organic fertilizer nutrient management mode in comparative example 4; (3) Nutrient management is carried out according to a farmer compound fertilizer nutrient management mode in comparative example 5; (4) nutrient management was performed as in inventive example 2. Other management factors were the same, each treatment was repeated four times, and the granules were randomized. The test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on economic Properties of flue-cured safflower Dajinyuan
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from the results in Table 3, example 2 significantly improved the yield value by 18.54% and 37.05% compared to comparative example 1, and there was no significant difference from comparative examples 4 and 5. There was no significant difference in average price between each treatment. In terms of the upper smoke ratio, example 2 was improved by 31.36% over comparative example 1. In terms of medium smoke, example 2 achieved a maximum value significantly higher than comparative example 12.31%, higher than comparative example 4 and comparative examples 7.28% and 7.11%.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from table 4, example 2 significantly improved each agronomic trait over comparative example 1 during the period of the crop, but was not significantly different from comparative examples 4 and 5. In the topping period, each index of the embodiment 1 is the maximum value, and compared with the comparative embodiment 1, each index is obviously improved, and compared with the comparative embodiment 4 and the comparative embodiment 5, the maximum leaf area of 14.00% and 17.62% is obviously improved.
TABLE 4 different treatments of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses
Note that: the same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments differ significantly at the 0.05 level.
From the results in Table 4, it is understood that in example 2, the loss of TN was reduced by 15.46% as compared with comparative example 4 and significantly reduced by 35.43% as compared with comparative example 5, in terms of the nitrogen loss. Example 2 reduced 30.63% NO compared to comparative example 5 3 — N, no significant difference from comparative example 4. Example 2 significantly reduced NH 13.3% compared to comparative example 4 3 N, no significant difference from comparative example 5. Finally, comparative example 5 had the greatest nitrogen loss coefficient and example 2 had the smallest. From the phosphorus loss, example 2 significantly reduced the TP loss by 41.48% compared to comparative example 4, with no significant difference compared to comparative example 5. Finally, comparative example 4 has the greatest phosphorus loss factor and example 2 has the smallest.
It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art and which are included in the embodiments of the present invention without the inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Structures, devices and methods of operation not specifically described and illustrated herein, unless otherwise indicated and limited, are implemented according to conventional means in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The tobacco field nutrient management method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: applying a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco to the bottom strips of the ridges after the tobacco field is prepared in advance;
s2: then ridging, and digging up pond and planting cigarettes for irrigation;
s3: dressing a special compound fertilizer for the flue-cured tobacco 15-16 days after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
s4: combining intertillage and film uncovering to apply a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco 25-30 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting;
s5: after flue-cured tobacco enters a vigorous period, carrying out light irrigation by combining with weather conditions;
s6: and applying potassium sulfate 40-45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting.
2. The tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the plough for preparing the tobacco field in S1 is more than 30cm; the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 750-800 kg/ha.
3. The tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 1, wherein the ridging height in S2 is more than 40cm, and the ridge top width is 2-30 cm; the diameter of the pond is 20-22 cm, and the depth is 15-20cm; the irrigation mode is to irrigate root setting water, and the irrigation amount is 1.5-3 kg of each plant.
4. The tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 1, wherein the application mode of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco in S3 and S4 is water-mixed pouring, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount is 100-150 kg/ha.
5. The tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 1, wherein the light irrigation mode in the step S5 is irrigation ditching, water is not over ridges, and the irrigation height is 1/2-2/3 of the ridge height, namely irrigation and withdrawal.
6. The tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 1, wherein the application mode of the potassium sulfate in the step S6 is water-mixed pouring, and the water-fertilizer ratio is 40:1; the application distance is 1-3 cm from the tobacco plant; the application amount is 160-200 kg/ha.
7. The fertilizer for a tobacco field nutrient management method according to claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following componentsThe weight of each component is as follows: 30-35 parts of organic substances and 62-67 parts of inorganic fertilizer; the organic matters comprise chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and oil cake; the inorganic fertilizer comprises an ammonia-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a potassium-containing compound, and the mass ratio of N: p (P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝(9-10):(13-14):(29-30)。
8. The compound fertilizer for the tobacco field nutrient management method according to claim 7, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of copper sulfate, 16-22 parts of zinc sulfate, 4-7 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 21-25 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 52-57 parts of anhydrous citric acid and 50-70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| CN113973560A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Fertilizing method for improving nicotine content of tobacco leaves |
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