CN116217231A - 一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法。将Ti粉、Sn粉和C粉,通过球磨得到混合均匀的粉末;混合均匀的粉末放入安瓿瓶中;将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,在1000℃~1100℃下反应;将反应后的材料冷却至室温后,用稀盐酸洗涤多次,然后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥。本发明制备的Ti2SnC陶瓷材料纯度高,无TiC以及Ti2C杂质存在,制备过程和使用反应装置简单,能耗低,适合实验室使用,满足实验纯度要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料制备领域,具体的涉及一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
MXene作为一种二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物,由于其独特的二维层状结构、高的比表面积和良好的导电性,在超级电容器、湿度传感、电池和电催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前MXene的制备主要是通过对Mn+1AXn(n=1,2,3;M为过渡金属,A是主族金属,X是C或N元素)的选择性刻蚀,如通过酸、碱等将其A层选择性的刻蚀得到相应的MXene材料。作为MXene材料的前驱体,Mn+1AXn(简写为MAX)的纯度以及结构对于MXene的性能有深刻的影响,制约着MXene材料的发展。因此,对于陶瓷相MAX的制备近年来成为人们的研究热点。其中,Ti2SnC是MAX家族中的一种211相材料,具有很多优异的性能:低硬度(~3.5GPa),高导电率(~14*106(Ω·m)-1),较高的自润滑性和机械加工性,并且具有良好的耐腐蚀性和稳定性等,在电器复合材料和石化工业材料方面应用广泛。同时,该材料具有钛和锡两种活性位点,可在电催化和电池等领域有着重要的应用。
目前,Ti2SnC材料的制备方法主要有:热等静压(HIP),热压(HP),自蔓延高温和放电等离子烧结(SPS)等方法,根据化学计量比混合的Ti粉,Sn粉,C粉制备Ti2SnC粉末。S.B.Li等人(J.Am.Ceram.Soc.2016,89,3617–3623)将含有不同摩尔比的Ti/Sn/C和Ti/Sn/TiC两种粉末混合在聚丙烯瓶中10h,然后将混合粉末冷压压块,置于石墨坩埚中,然后在真空气氛下1200℃无压烧结1h制备Ti2SnC粉末;S.B.Li等人(J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.2016,36,25-32)通过热压制备Ti2SnC粉末,将Ti粉,Sn粉,C粉为原料按照摩尔比2:1:1混合后在真空中,1250℃,30MPa下保持1h;Y.C.Zhou等人(Mat.Res.Innovat.2000,4,36-41)通过Ti-Sn-C体系中的固液反应合成了二维Ti2SnC板,首先将Ti,Sn,C粉(50:25:25)在聚丙烯罐中球磨混合4h,然后放入封闭的BN坩埚中,在Ar气氛下,加热速度为10℃min-1加热到1200℃,在该温度下反应1h,即可制备Ti2SnC板。然而,通过上述方法很难制备出高纯度的Ti2SnC粉末,会产生TiC,Ti-Sn化合物和Sn等副产物,尤其是TiC的存在会对Ti2SnC粉末的性能有不利的影响,从而制约其发展。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中纯度低,工艺复杂,加热时间长以及耗能高的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种简单易行,纯度高的Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以钛粉(Ti)、锡粉(Sn)和碳粉(C)为原料,进行混合,得到混合粉末;
步骤2:将混合粉末置于石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶;
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,1000℃~1100℃下,反应2h~3h;
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入盐酸浸泡10-20min后,蒸馏水洗涤,真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末。
进一步的,钛粉、锡粉和碳粉的纯度均为99%~100%。
进一步的,按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:(1~1.2):(0.8~1)。
进一步的,步骤1中,所述进行混合,具体为:将钛粉、锡粉和碳粉进行球磨混合。
更进一步的,球磨混合中,所用球与原料的体积比为1:1。
更进一步的,所用球为玛瑙球,所述玛瑙球是直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球。
进一步的,球磨混合中,以150~200r/min的转速,球磨12~24h。
进一步的,步骤2中,所述真空为,真空度达到0.01MPa。
进一步的,步骤3中,升温速率为5℃/min~8℃/min。
进一步的,步骤4中,盐酸浓度为2mol/L。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明以安瓿法制备高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料,以低成本的Ti、Sn、C粉为原料制备出高纯度的Ti2SnC粉末,安瓿法可以降低反应温度,缩短反应时间。
2、本发明的方法,具有成本低,操作简单,反应时间短,能耗低,所得产物纯度高,效率高等优点,并且满足实验室的纯度要求。
3、本发明的方法,使用马弗炉,较已往报道的文献和专利中用到的管式炉,降低了对反应仪器的要求。本发明把Ti2SnC的制备在每个安瓿瓶微反应器中进行,提高纯度的同时不影响大规模化生产。本发明的方法同样适用于其他MAX材料的制备。
4、本发明的方法,取代了传统的较为复杂且成本昂贵的制备工艺,直接使用Ti,Sn,C粉球磨混合后,以安瓿提供真空环境的技术取代热等静压,热压,自蔓延高温和放电等离子烧结等复杂的制备方法。本发明解决了传统技术的纯度差,反应温度高,合成复杂以及能耗高等问题。
附图说明
图1是制备的高纯度Ti2SnC粉末的XRD图。
图2是制备的高纯度Ti2SnC粉末的SEM图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(一)高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:1.1:0.9,将钛粉(纯度99.9%)、锡粉(纯度99.9%)和碳粉(纯度99.9%)置于球磨机中,进行球磨混合,采用玛瑙球进行球磨,玛瑙球采用直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球;玛瑙球与原料的体积比为1:1,以200r/min的转速,球磨12h,得到混合粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合粉末置于4mL石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶,真空度达到0.01MPa。
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,在1000℃下反应3h。
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入10mL浓度为2mol/L的盐酸,浸泡15min,去除产物中残留的多余Ti和Sn,然后蒸馏水洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末,纯度为99.8%。
(二)表征
图1是制备的高纯度Ti2SnC粉末的X-衍射(XRD)图谱。由图1可见,特征峰与Ti2SnC的标准卡片峰位置对应,说明合成出了陶瓷相Ti2SnC材料,且没有标准卡片之外的其他峰,说明没有其他杂质,纯度较高。
图2是制备的高纯度Ti2SnC粉末的SEM图。由图2可见,根据我们的方法制备的Ti2SnC粉末状材料层状结构,符合三元MAX相陶瓷的结构。
实施例2
高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:1.1:0.9,将钛粉(纯度99.9%)、锡粉(纯度99.9%)和碳粉(纯度99.9%)置于球磨机中,进行球磨混合,采用玛瑙球进行球磨,玛瑙球采用直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球;玛瑙球与原料的体积比为1:1,以200r/min的转速,球磨12h,得到混合粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合粉末置于4mL石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶,真空度达到0.01MPa。
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,在1100℃下反应2h。
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入10mL浓度为2mol/L的盐酸,浸泡15min后,蒸馏水洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末,纯度为99%。
实施例3
高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:1.1:0.9,将钛粉(纯度99.9%)、锡粉(纯度99.9%)和碳粉(纯度99.9%)置于球磨机中,进行球磨混合,采用玛瑙球进行球磨,玛瑙球采用直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球;玛瑙球与原料的体积比为1:1,以200r/min的转速,球磨12h,得到混合粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合粉末置于4mL石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶,真空度达到0.01MPa。
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,在1100℃下反应3h。
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入10mL浓度为2mol/L的盐酸,浸泡15min后,蒸馏水洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末,纯度为98.2%。
实施例4
高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:1.1:0.9,将钛粉(纯度99.9%)、锡粉(纯度99.9%)和碳粉(纯度99.9%)置于球磨机中,进行球磨混合,采用玛瑙球进行球磨,玛瑙球采用直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球;玛瑙球与原料的体积比为1:1,以200r/min的转速,球磨12h,得到混合粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合粉末置于4mL石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶,真空度达到0.01MPa。
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,在1000℃下反应2h。
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入10mL浓度为2mol/L的盐酸,浸泡15min,去除产物中残留的多余Ti和Sn,然后蒸馏水洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末,纯度为97%。
Claims (10)
1.一种高纯度Ti2SnC粉末状陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以钛粉、锡粉和碳粉为原料,进行混合,得到混合粉末;
步骤2:将混合粉末置于石英安瓿瓶中,真空封装安瓿瓶;
步骤3:将安瓿瓶放入马弗炉中,1000℃~1100℃下,反应2h~3h;
步骤4:将步骤3所得产物冷却至室温,加入盐酸浸泡10~20min后,蒸馏水洗涤,真空干燥,得到高纯度Ti2SnC粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,钛粉、锡粉和碳粉的纯度均为99%~100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,按摩尔比,钛粉:锡粉:碳粉=2:(1~1.2):(0.8~1)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述进行混合,具体为:将钛粉、锡粉和碳粉进行球磨混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,球磨混合中,所用球与原料的体积比为1:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所用球为玛瑙球,所述玛瑙球是直径为5mm和直径为8mm的混合球。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,球磨混合中,以150~200r/min的转速,球磨12~24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述真空为,真空度达到0.01MPa。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,升温速率为5℃/min~8℃/min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4中,盐酸浓度为2mol/L。
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