CN116199727A - 一种mpl三乙胺盐、其制备工艺及应用 - Google Patents
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- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07H13/06—Fatty acids
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种MPL三乙胺盐、其制备工艺及应用。所述MPL三乙胺盐的制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)MPL粗品溶于氯仿后去除溶剂;(2)加入TEA水溶液,常温下超声使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中;(3)将上述溶液转移至纯水中,超声分散均匀;(4)向上述体系中加入TEA水溶液,超声,冻干即得。本发明还涉及所述的MPL三乙胺盐在制备疫苗佐剂及疫苗中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体的,涉及一种MPL三乙胺盐、其制备工艺及应用。
背景技术
MPL(单磷酰酯A,monophosphoryl lipid A,也简称MPLA)是来自于革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁中的内毒素(LPS)的最内层脂质体(lipid A)部分。脂肪链结构和磷酸化程度均会影响其活性和内毒素的作用,来自于Salmonella minnesota的lipid A分别在1位和4位含有一个磷酸基团,会过度激活先天性免疫应答,从而导致败血性休克等临床症状,副反应强烈。文献报道去掉1位磷酸基团后,其毒性降低且保留了免疫活性,称之为单磷酰酯A(MPL)。
作为已上市的新一代疫苗佐剂,MPL临床用途广泛,常见的佐剂系统有:AS01(包含QS21与MPL(脂质体佐剂)、AS02(含有角鲨烯和α-生育酚的水包油乳液中加入MPL和QS21)、AS04(MPL吸附在氢氧化铝)、AS15(MPLA,QS21,CpG,脂质体)等,而佐剂系统不同的配伍(formulation)会影响到佐剂的免疫应答效果和副作用。已上市的含佐剂的疫苗产品:
Fendrix TM:由GSK在2004年研制的乙肝疫苗,该疫苗由乙肝病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)和AS04佐剂系统组成。
Cervarix TM与Gardasil TM:前者是由GSK在2009年研制的宫颈癌二价疫苗,由HPV L1表位的病毒样颗粒(VLP)与AS04系统组成;后者由默克研发,也含有AS04佐剂。
Shingrix TM:由GSK研制的带状疱疹疫苗,使用AS01佐剂系统。
由于佐剂系统不同的配伍(formulation)会影响到佐剂的免疫应答效果和副作用,所以MPL需要经过不同类型的制剂工艺后,形成佐剂制剂才能进行使用,因此对于该产品的溶解性质有较高的要求。
目前MPL来源主要依靠生物发酵提取,包含四个或五个不同链长的长链酰基结构同系物的复杂混合物。缺点是制备纯化难度大,残留的蛋白及糖异质带来的纯度问题,并且成本较高。例如,一类称为SJ-19a的lipid A是从革兰氏阴性细菌液化曲霉中酸性水解而来的,但在酸水解步骤中,可能发生化学降解,不稳定的磷酸键断开从而导致MPL的异质性。
合成制备的MPL结构明确,没有糖异质带来的纯度问题,更适于工业化生产,但是其水溶解度差,应用于制剂受限。现有报道的MPL,base(非盐型)和铵盐形式溶解度都比较差,用于液体制剂受限;在水中为混悬液,无法进行过滤除菌。
针对现有技术中的上述技术问题,提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明首先涉及一种MPL三乙胺盐(MPL-TEA)的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)MPL粗品溶于氯仿后去除溶剂;
(2)加入TEA水溶液,常温下超声使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中;
(3)将上述溶液转移至纯水中,超声分散均匀;
(4)向上述体系中加入TEA水溶液,超声,冻干即得。
具体的,所述的方法的步骤为:
(1)MPL粗品与氯仿(10%,wt)中完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部;优选的,去除溶剂使用减压旋蒸法;
(2)加入1.0%TEA水溶液,常温下超声使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中,优选的,所述的TEA水溶液的加入量为MPL粗品的10倍(质量比);
(3)将上述溶液转移至纯水中,超声分散均匀;优选的,纯水的加入量为MPL粗品的40倍(质量比);
(4)向上述体系中加入0.2%TEA水溶液,超声溶解完全即得;优选的,0.2%TEA水溶液的加入量为MPL粗品的50倍(质量比)。
本发明还包括将所述MPL三乙胺盐制备成纳米溶液的步骤,具体的步骤为:
(5)将步骤(4)反应溶液通过高压均质机均质后用0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤;
本发明还包括将所述MPL三乙胺盐纳米溶液进一步冻干的步骤,具体的步骤为:
(6)转移至冻干机,按照冻干曲线进行冻干,所述冻干步骤为:
预冻:-30.0℃,180min;
一次干燥:
第一阶段:-15.0℃,降温30min,持续480min;
第二阶段:-5.0℃,升温30min,持续240min;
第三阶段:0℃,升温15min,持续240min;
解析干燥:20.0℃,升温15min,持续480min;
冻干结束后,冲氮并密封,保存于2-8℃。
最优选的,所述的方法包括如下步骤:
取1g MPL粗品10mL氯仿完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,加入5mL的甲醇旋转蒸发去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部。
向烧瓶中加入1.0%TEA水溶液10mL,25-30℃超声0.5h,使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中。
将上述溶液转移至含有40mL纯水的容器中,超声分散均匀10min。
将上述体系中加入50mL 0.2%TEA水溶液,超声10min。
最终得液体100ml,其中MPL 10mg/ml,TEA浓度为0.2%。
上述溶液通过高压均质机均质两次,D50粒度<100nm,溶液0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤,转移至冻干机,按照冻干曲线进行冻干。冻干结束后,向冻干机冲氮,密封瓶塞,取出瓶子,保存于2-8℃。
本发明还涉及所述方法制备得到的MPL三乙胺盐。
所述的MPL三乙胺盐在水溶液中的溶解度为8mg/mL;
所述的MPL三乙胺盐溶解在纯水中制备得到的水溶液的平均粒径分布数据为:平均粒径约900~950nm。
所述的10mgMPL三乙胺盐通过1mLDMSO增溶后,溶于10mL去离子水制备得到的水溶液的平均粒径分布数据为:平均粒径约110~130nm。
本发明还涉及所述的制备MPL三乙胺盐的方法或MPL三乙胺盐在制备疫苗佐剂中的应用。
所述的疫苗优选为:乙肝疫苗、带状疱疹疫苗、宫颈癌疫苗。
所述的疫苗佐剂优选为脂质体或胶束佐剂,更优选的,所述的佐剂是:AS01、AS02、AS04、AS15。
所述的MPL粗品的化学合成工艺可参见CN202010305764、CN202010306822、CN202010305752、CN202010306826、CN202010305744、CN202010305754。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)克服现有MPL在水和常规有机溶剂中溶解性差的问题。通过盐型筛选,发现三乙胺盐具备较好的溶解性,并且稳定性较好,经过高压均质后能够形成纳米溶液,所得的冻干粉具有良好的溶解性,适于疫苗佐剂的制剂处方。
(2)本发明操作步骤简单,成盐完全,通过DSC表征含三乙胺5.12%,气相检测三乙胺含量4.7%,理论含三乙胺5.48%;按照冻干参数工艺冻干,粒径减小溶解度明显提高。
(3)相比与MPL base,三乙胺盐冻干粉直接复溶在水中即可以形成纳米颗粒,通过少量有机溶剂增溶可以分散成粒径约为125nm的稳定纳米溶液,适用于制备纳米制剂。
附图说明
图1、合成MPL的纯度验证,
1A、合成的MPL高效液相表征结果;
1B、合成的MPL的核磁表征;
1C、用合成的MPL的高分辨质谱表征结果。
图2、合成的MPL三乙胺盐的纯度验证,
2A、合成的MPL三乙胺盐通过TGA表征三乙胺含量;
2B、合成的MPL三乙胺盐DSC表征;
2C、合成的MPL三乙胺盐中三乙胺含量通过气相进一步表征。
图3、不同MPL盐型和MPL base的水溶液外观及检测,
3A、不同MPL盐型和MPL base在水中溶解度外观(由左至右依次为MPL base溶液、MPL三乙胺盐溶液、MPL叔丁胺盐溶液和MPL铵盐溶液);
3B、MPL三乙胺盐溶液在水中分散后DLS数据。
图4、不同MPL盐型和MPL base先溶于少量DMSO后,再分散在水中溶液表征,
4A、溶液外观(由左至右依次为MPL base溶液、MPL三乙胺盐溶液、MPL成叔丁胺盐溶液和MPL铵盐溶液);
4B、MPL base溶液DLS数据;
4C、MPL三乙胺盐溶液DLS数据;
4D、MPL叔丁胺盐溶液DLS数据;
4E、MPL铵盐溶液DLS数据。
具体实施方式
以下实施例所用MPL为我司自行合成,
MPL的化学合成工艺可参见CN202010305764、CN202010306822、CN202010305752、CN202010306826、CN202010305744、CN202010305754。合成的MPL的质量和纯度分析结果见图1。
其他实验材料和试剂耗材无特别说明均为市场购得的分析纯或色谱纯原料,或通过本领域常规的制备方法获得。
实施例1、MPL三乙胺盐(MPL-TEA)制备工艺
取1g MPL粗品10mL氯仿完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,加入5mL的甲醇旋转蒸发去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部。
向烧瓶中加入1.0%TEA水溶液10mL,25-30℃超声0.5h,使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中。
将上述溶液转移至含有40mL纯水的容器中,超声分散均匀10min。
将上述体系中加入50mL0.2%TEA水溶液,超声10min。
最终得液体100ml,其中MPL 10mg/ml,TEA浓度为0.2%。
上述溶液通过高压均质机均质两次,D50粒度<100nm,溶液0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤,转移至冻干机,按照冻干曲线进行冻干。冻干结束后,向冻干机冲氮,密封瓶塞,取出瓶子,保存于2-8℃。
冻干参数如下:
预冻:
设定温度(℃) | 持续时间(min) | |
第一阶段 | -30.0 | 180 |
一次干燥
设定温度(℃) | 设定时间(min) | 持续时间(min) | 真空度(mbar) | |
第一阶段 | -15.0 | 30 | 480 | 0.1200 |
第二阶段 | -5.0 | 30 | 240 | 0.1200 |
第三阶段 | 0.0 | 15 | 240 | 0.1200 |
解析干燥
设定温度(℃) | 设定时间(min) | 持续时间(min) | 真空度(mbar) | |
第一阶段 | 20.0 | 15 | 480 | 0.1200 |
MPL三乙胺盐冻干粉的TGA分析和DSC检测结果见图2A、2B;气象色谱见图2C;
气象色谱分析过程和结果如下
Ax=供试品峰面积,As=对照品峰面积(六次峰面积,RSD%=2.8%),Ms=对照品质量,Mx=供试品质量,Vx=供试品定容体积(5mL),Vs=对照品定容体积(20mL),fs=对照品稀释因子(50),fx=供试品稀释倍数(1),p=100%;结果如下表所示:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 平均值As | |
对照品峰面积 | 121032 | 128135 | 119825 | 121072 | 119568 | 118624 | 121376 |
供试品峰面积Ax | 86687 | 97948 | |||||
对照品质量Ms | 25.43mg | 29.77mg | |||||
供试品质量Mx | 1.94mg | 2.19mg | |||||
ω% | 4.68% | 4.69% | 4.7% |
计算含三乙胺为4.7%,按化学当量比1:1成盐计算得MPL三乙胺盐中三乙胺含量为5.48%
实施例2、MPL叔丁胺盐(MPL-SDA)制备工艺
取1g MPL粗品10mL氯仿完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,加入5mL的甲醇旋转蒸发去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部。
向烧瓶中加入1.0%叔丁胺水溶液10mL,25-30℃超声0.5h,使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中。
将上述溶液转移至含有40mL纯水的容器中,超声分散均匀10min。
将上述体系中加入50ml 0.2%叔丁铵水溶液,超声10min。
最终得液体100ml,其中MPL 10mg/ml,叔丁铵浓度为0.2%。
上述溶液通过高压均质机均质两次,D50粒度<100nm,溶液0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤,转移至冻干机,按照冻干曲线进行冻干。冻干结束后,向冻干机冲氮,密封瓶塞,取出瓶子,保存于2-8℃。
冻干参数同实施例1。
实施例3、MPL铵盐(MPL-NH3)及制备工艺
取1g MPL粗品10mL氯仿完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,加入5mL的甲醇旋转蒸发去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部。
向烧瓶中加入1.0%氨水溶液10mL,25-30℃超声0.5h,使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中。
将上述溶液转移至含有40mL纯水的容器中,超声分散均匀10min。
将上述体系中加入50ml 0.2%氨水溶液,超声10min。
最终得液体100ml,其中MPL 10mg/ml,TEA浓度为0.2%。
上述溶液通过高压均质机均质两次,D50粒度<100nm,溶液0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤,转移至冻干机,按照冻干曲线进行冻干。冻干结束后,向冻干机冲氮,密封瓶塞,取出瓶子,保存于2-8℃。
冻干参数同实施例1。
实施例4、MPL base及其盐复溶后溶解性对比验证
取5mg MPL加1mL去离子水分散,超声溶解10min。同样取5mg MPL各型盐(实施例1-3制备得到)加5mL去离子水分散,超声溶解10min。
制备不同浓度的复溶溶液,通过外观及DLS检测,
检测设备为:PSS粒度仪,设备型号为AccuSizer A9000 FX。
DLS检测结果如下表及图3所示,除MPL三乙胺盐之外,其他形式的MPL不溶于水,乳浊液,尺度在微米级,无法完成测试。
D50 | D90 | P.I. | |
MPL-Base(水体系) | - | - | - |
MPL三乙胺盐(水体系) | 925.8nm | 2233.2nm | 0.627 |
MPL叔丁胺盐(水体系) | - | - | - |
MPL胺盐(水体系) | - | - | - |
实施例5、MPL base及其盐通过少量DMSO增溶复溶后溶解性对比验证
取5mg MPL(或实施例1-3制备的MPL各型盐)用0.5mLDMSO溶解,缓慢滴加到5mL水中分散,超声溶解10min。通过外观及DLS检测,检测设备为PSS粒度仪,设备型号为AccuSizer A9000 FX。
DLS检测结果如下表及图4所示,可见,MPL三乙胺盐仍然具有最好的溶解性能和最佳的溶剂分散效果。
D50 | D90 | P.I. | |
MPL-Base | 1195.6nm | 4189.8nm | 2.143 |
MPL三乙胺盐 | 127.3nm | 218.4nm | 0.216 |
MPL叔丁胺盐 | 364.7nm | 692.8nm | 0.271 |
MPL胺盐 | 309.8nm | 671.9nm | 0.491 |
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用于帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明的实质,不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种MPL三乙胺盐的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)MPL粗品与氯仿(10%,wt)完全溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,去除溶剂,使其均匀分布在圆底烧瓶底部;优选的,去除溶剂使用减压旋蒸法;
(2)加入1.0%TEA水溶液,常温下超声使MPL均匀混悬在溶液中,优选的,所述的TEA水溶液的加入量为MPL粗品的10倍(质量比);
(3)将上述溶液转移至纯水中,超声分散均匀;优选的,纯水的加入量为MPL粗品的40倍(质量比);
(4)向上述体系中加入0.2%TEA水溶液,超声10min;优选的,0.2%TEA水溶液的加入量为MPL粗品的50倍(质量比)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还进一步包含制备MPL三乙胺盐纳米溶液的步骤,具体的步骤为:
(5)将步骤(4)反应溶液通过高压均质机均质后用0.45μm水相微孔滤膜过滤。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将MPL三乙胺盐溶液冻干的步骤,具体的步骤为:
(6)将MPL三乙胺盐溶液或MPL三乙胺盐纳米溶液转移至冻干机进行冻干,所述冻干步骤为:
预冻:-30.0℃,180min;
一次干燥:
第一阶段:-15.0℃,降温30min,持续480min;
第二阶段:-5.0℃,升温30min,持续240min;
第三阶段:0℃,升温15min,持续240min;
解析干燥:20.0℃,升温15min,持续480min;
冻干结束后,冲氮并密封,保存于2-8℃。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的方法制备得到的MPL三乙胺盐。
5.根据权利要求4所述的所述的MPL三乙胺盐,其特征在于,
所述的MPL三乙胺盐在水溶液中的溶解度为:8mg/mL;
所述的MPL三乙胺盐溶解在水中制备得到的水溶液的平均粒径分布数据为:平均粒径约900~950nm;
所述的10mgMPL三乙胺盐通过1mLDMSO增溶后,溶于10mL去离子水制备得到的水溶液的平均粒径分布数据为:平均粒径约110~130nm。
6.权利要求1-3任一所述制备MPL三乙胺盐的方法以及权利要求4或5所述的MPL三乙胺盐在制备疫苗佐剂中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的疫苗为:乙肝疫苗、带状疱疹疫苗、宫颈癌疫苗。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的疫苗佐剂为脂质体或胶束佐剂,优选的,所述的佐剂是:AS01、AS02、AS04、AS15。
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