CN116173307B - 一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法及其应用。首先通过两步合成法制备柠檬酸‑壳聚糖,先制备柠檬酸酐,再将壳聚糖与柠檬酸酐反应,制备柠檬酸壳聚糖;柠檬酸‑壳聚糖再与β甘油磷酸钠水溶液和羟乙基纤维素水溶液反应制备得到柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。本发明制备得到的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶,是一种抗氧化可注射可降解的壳聚糖水凝胶,应用于可注射性心肌组织工程中细胞移植的支架材料,其对心肌原代细胞具有良好的黏附性,提高移植细胞的滞留率,能够有效对抗梗死部位的氧化应激环境,清除移植部位的活性氧自由基,可支持心肌细胞在其内部的存活。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水凝胶制备及应用领域,特别是涉及一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
心肌梗死等心脏疾病严重威胁着人类的生命安全与健康,其发病率和死亡率在全球范围内处于逐年上升的势态,现有的治疗手段均存在着一定缺陷。随着组织工程学研究的不断深入,运用心肌细胞移植技术为受损心脏的细胞重建提供了一种全新的治疗方法。然而,由于梗死处局部缺血造成的活性氧自由基堆积等不适微环境,致使细胞移植后成活率和滞留率较低。
可注射心肌组织工程是指将可注射性支架材料与细胞和/或生长因子复合后,注射到受损部位进行心肌修复的一种方法,该方法可以提供一个三维的生长空间,从而提高细胞的存活率,由于其创伤小已成为心肌组织工程研究的热点之一。细胞支架不仅可以代替或修复受损伤的细胞外基质,还可以调节心肌梗死发生时心脏的微环境,满足细胞生长的环境要求。
可注射水凝胶是一种理想的传递细胞的支架材料,高水含量赋予其与组织相似的杨氏模量和离子电导率,它可以模拟心肌细胞外基质,降低左心室壁压力,抑制心肌梗死后左心室的重构,提供适合细胞生存的微环境,使被移植的细胞黏附、成活、募集、增殖和成熟,进而修复心肌功能。
壳聚糖是一种天然的阳离子聚合物,也是天然多糖中唯一的碱性多糖。壳聚糖作为一种天然生物材料,具有生物相容性、生物黏附性、生物降解特性及抗氧化活性等,常作为可注射支架材料广泛应用于组织工程等领域。一般来说,壳聚糖的抗氧化活性强弱与其分子量有关,分子量越高其抗氧化活性越弱,然而,高分子量的壳聚糖形成凝胶的能力强,因此,如何提高高分子壳聚糖的抗氧化能力是壳聚糖类水凝胶应用于可注射性心肌组织工程所面对的一大难题。
无水柠檬酸外观为白色的颗粒或白色结晶状粉末,可溶于水、醇和乙醚。其价格低廉,易于购买,是一种三元羧酸,羧基具有很好的反应活性,可以与壳聚糖上的氨基发生酰化反应。柠檬酸是机体三羧酸循环的组成部分,存在于所有动物组织中,作为氧化代谢的媒介物质。柠檬酸的羧基可以螯合金属离子,进而减少自由基的产生,有望应用于组织工程领域,另外,也可作为自来水中金属离子的吸附剂应用。柠檬酸壳聚糖可以增加壳聚糖的抗氧化性,且不影响其成凝胶特性,能对抗细胞移植处的氧化应激状态,为细胞移植提供一种适宜的生存环境,可作为心肌组织工程中细胞移植支架材料。
中国专利“一种柠檬酸接枝壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法”(公布号:CN103992501B)制备的柠檬酸接枝壳聚糖水凝胶主要提供了一种易溶于水并具有高强度的壳聚糖水凝胶。而中国专利“一种柠檬酸交联壳聚糖水凝胶及其制备方法”(公布号:CN108341977B)制备的柠檬酸交联壳聚糖水凝胶主要应用于脊髓损伤的修复。目前,均未有报道柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶应用于心肌组织工程中细胞移植支架材料中。
目前,柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法多为物理交联法,如中国专利“一种柠檬酸接枝壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法”(公布号:CN103992501B),就是壳聚糖与柠檬酸通过氨基与羧基之间的静电吸引而形成物理交联制得。这种方法反应结合力较弱,柠檬酸易于掉落,形成的复合物的稳定性差,易受离子、pH等因素的影响而发生性质的变化。另一件中国专利“一种柠檬酸交联壳聚糖水凝胶及其制备方法”(公布号:CN108341977B)是通过交联剂EDC/NHS、京尼平或戊二醛溶液将壳聚糖交联,这种方法易导致壳聚糖分子间的氨基发生交联结合,形成更大分子量的壳聚糖聚合物,不能够保证柠檬酸与壳聚糖之间单分子连接,进而形成的产物均一性差。
为了克服以上柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法的弊端,本发明首先将柠檬酸形成酸酐、再将其与壳聚糖的氨基连接,保证了两者之间的单分子交联,柠檬酸的整体结构不被破坏,保留其金属离子螯合特性,同时保证壳聚糖不形成多分子聚合物,得到一种性质稳定的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。
发明内容
鉴以此,本发明目的是提供一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶在心肌组织工程中细胞移植支架材料中的应用。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法。
通过两步合成法制备柠檬酸壳聚糖,首先制备柠檬酸酐,再将壳聚糖与柠檬酸酐反应,制备柠檬酸壳聚糖,最后制备柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。具体步骤如下:
(1)将无水柠檬酸、乙酸酐、冰乙酸置于茄型瓶中,安装回流冷凝管和氯化钙干燥管,在一定温度下搅拌直至柠檬酸全部溶解后继续保温搅拌一定时间;减压蒸馏除去乙酸,向剩余的介质中加入一定量的热三氯甲烷,继续搅拌直至有白色沉淀析出,抽滤,用三氯甲烷反复洗涤,产物真空干燥24h,得到柠檬醋酐,密封保存。
(2)将壳聚糖溶解于一定浓度的醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用甲醇稀释,取步骤(1)中制备的柠檬酸酐溶解于甲醇中,将壳聚糖溶液和柠檬酸酐溶液混合并置于茄型瓶中,在一定温度下搅拌反应数小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次,将得到的产物用透析袋(截留分子量为MW:8000-14000Da)以去离子水为透析介质透析48h,产物冷冻干燥48h,得到柠檬酸壳聚糖。
(3)将1.5%(w/v)的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液(以0.1mol/L醋酸为介质)、11.5%的β甘油磷酸钠水溶液和2.25%羟乙基纤维素水溶液放入4℃恒温0.5h,将β-GP溶液于冰水浴和磁力搅拌下加入步骤(2)制备得到的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液中,继续搅拌15~30min,在低温搅拌的条件下加入羟乙基纤维素溶液,获得柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。
优选的,步骤(1)中无水柠檬酸、乙酸酐、冰乙酸的比例为1:(0.8~1.2):(0.5~0.8)。
优选的,步骤(1)中搅拌温度为35~40℃,搅拌时间为18~24h。
优选的,步骤(1)中热三氯甲烷的温度为40~50℃,用三氯甲烷洗涤次数为3~5次。
优选的,步骤(2)中壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,壳聚糖溶液的浓度为3~5%;用于溶解壳聚糖的醋酸溶液的醋酸浓度为8~12%;用甲醇稀释,稀释倍数为4~8倍;壳聚糖与柠檬酸酐的质量比为1:(0.6~1.0)。
优选的,步骤(2)中反应温度为70~100℃,反应时间为10~15h;向混合溶液中加入丙酮的量为体系原体积的1.2~1.5倍。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为(18~22):(3~5):(2~4);进一步优选质量比为20:4:3。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明提供了一种抗氧化可注射可降解的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶,应用于可注射性心肌组织工程中细胞移植的支架材料,其对心肌原代细胞具有良好的黏附性,提高移植细胞的滞留率,能够有效对抗心肌梗死部位的氧化应激环境,清除移植部位的活性氧自由基,可支持心肌细胞在其内部的存活。
2.本发明提供了一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法,该方法将柠檬酸先形成酸酐、再将其与壳聚糖的氨基连接,保证了两者之间的单分子交联,柠檬酸的整体结构不被破坏,保留其金属离子螯合特性,同时保证壳聚糖不形成多分子聚合物,从而得到一种性质稳定的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。
附图说明
图1是壳聚糖和柠檬酸壳聚糖的红外光谱图,其中CS代表壳聚糖,CSCA代表柠檬酸壳聚糖。
图2是壳聚糖、柠檬酸和柠檬酸壳聚糖的核磁共振氢谱图,其中(A)为柠檬酸;(B)为壳聚糖;(C)为柠檬酸壳聚糖。
图3是本发明效果实施例1中羟基自由基清除活性测定结果,其中◆代表CS;▲代表CSCA。
图4是本发明效果实施例2中螯合金属离子活性的测定结果,其中◆代表CS;■代表CSCA。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。本领域技术人员在理解本发明的技术方案基础上进行修改或等同替换,而未脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
(1)柠檬酸酐的合成:称取无水柠檬酸2.0g,量取乙酸酐1700μL(1.8479g),冰乙酸1192μL(1.2516),置于100mL带有回流冷凝管和氯化钙干燥管的茄型瓶中,在37℃下搅拌直至柠檬酸全部溶解,时间约18-20h。减压蒸馏出乙酸,剩余溶液在搅拌的条件下加入适量的热氯仿(45℃),白色浑浊转变为油性物质,继续搅拌直至有白色沉淀析出,抽滤,用氯仿反复洗涤4次,产物真空干燥24h,密封保存。
(2)柠檬酸壳聚糖的合成:称取0.50g的4%壳聚糖溶解于10mL 10%的醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用50mL甲醇稀释。称取自制的柠檬酸酐0.040g溶解于10mL甲醇中,然后加入到壳聚糖溶液中并连接冷凝回流装置,在80℃的油浴中反应12h。反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮100mL,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次。将得到的产物用透析袋(截留分子量为MW:8000-14000Da)以去离子水为透析介质透析48h,产物冷冻干燥48h。
(3)柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备:将1.5%(w/v)的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液(以0.1mol/L醋酸为介质)、11.5%的β甘油磷酸钠水溶液和2.25%羟乙基纤维素水溶液放入4℃恒温0.5h,将β-GP溶液于冰水浴和磁力搅拌下加入壳聚糖-柠檬酸溶液中,继续搅拌15~30min,在低温搅拌的条件下加入2.25%羟乙基纤维素溶液,获得壳聚糖-柠檬酸水凝胶。其中柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为20:4:3。
实施例2
(1)柠檬酸酐的合成:称取无水柠檬酸2.0g,量取乙酸酐1500μL(1.6305g),冰乙酸952μL(0.9996g),置于100mL带有回流冷凝管和氯化钙干燥管的茄型瓶中,在35℃下搅拌直至柠檬酸全部溶解,时间约20-22h。减压蒸馏出乙酸,剩余溶液在搅拌的条件下加入适量的热氯仿(40℃),白色浑浊转变为油性物质,继续搅拌直至有白色沉淀析出,抽滤,用氯仿反复洗涤3次,产物真空干燥24h,密封保存。
(2)柠檬酸壳聚糖的合成:称取0.50g的3%壳聚糖溶解于10mL8%的醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用60mL甲醇稀释。称取自制的柠檬酸酐0.040g溶解于10mL甲醇中,然后加入到壳聚糖溶液中并连接冷凝回流装置,在70℃的油浴中反应15h。反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮100mL,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次。将得到的产物用透析袋(截留分子量为MW:8000-14000Da)以去离子水为透析介质透析48h,产物冷冻干燥48h。
(3)柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备:将1.5%(w/v)的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液(以0.1mol/L醋酸为介质)、11.5%的β甘油磷酸钠水溶液和2.25%羟乙基纤维素水溶液放入4℃恒温0.5h,将β-GP溶液于冰水浴和磁力搅拌下加入壳聚糖-柠檬酸溶液中,继续搅拌15~30min,在低温搅拌的条件下加入2.25%羟乙基纤维素溶液,获得壳聚糖-柠檬酸水凝胶。其中柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为18:3:2。
实施例3
(1)柠檬酸酐的合成:称取无水柠檬酸2.0g,量取乙酸酐2200μL(2.3914g),冰乙酸1523μL(1.5991g),置于100mL带有回流冷凝管和氯化钙干燥管的茄型瓶中,在40℃下搅拌直至柠檬酸全部溶解,时间约22-24h。减压蒸馏出乙酸,剩余溶液在搅拌的条件下加入适量的热氯仿(50℃),白色浑浊转变为油性物质,继续搅拌直至有白色沉淀析出,抽滤,用氯仿反复洗涤5次,产物真空干燥24h,密封保存。
(2)柠檬酸壳聚糖的合成:称取0.50g的5%壳聚糖溶解于10mL 12%的醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用80mL甲醇稀释。称取自制的柠檬酸酐0.040g溶解于10mL甲醇中,然后加入到壳聚糖溶液中并连接冷凝回流装置,在100℃的油浴中反应10h。反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮100mL,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次。将得到的产物用透析袋(截留分子量为MW:8000-14000Da)以去离子水为透析介质透析48h,产物冷冻干燥48h。
(3)柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备:将1.5%(w/v)的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液(以0.1mol/L醋酸为介质)、11.5%的β甘油磷酸钠水溶液和2.25%羟乙基纤维素水溶液放入4℃恒温0.5h,将β-GP溶液于冰水浴和磁力搅拌下加入壳聚糖-柠檬酸溶液中,继续搅拌15~30min,在低温搅拌的条件下加入2.25%羟乙基纤维素溶液,获得壳聚糖-柠檬酸水凝胶。其中柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为22:5:4。
效果实施例1:羟基自由基清除活性的测定
溶液的配制:①2mmol/L FeSO4溶液:称取0.0278g FeSO4,加水定容至50mL,②6wt%双氧水溶液:取6mL 30%双氧水溶液加入24mL水中,现配现用,③360μg/mL番红花溶液:称取0.036g番红花粉溶于水中,定容至100mL,④梯度浓度的CS(壳聚糖水凝胶)、CSCA(柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶)样品分析液的配制:先配制10mg/mL的CS溶液,依次稀释成1、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、5、7.5mg/mL的溶液,CSCA溶液的配制方法同CS。
分别取500μL不同浓度的CS、CSCA样品分析液,并在其中依次加入水500μL、FeSO4溶液600μL、番红花溶液500μL,均匀混合静置10min后加入双氧水溶液800μL。55℃加热反应30min。在测定过程中以500μL水代替样品分析液作为对照组,以500μL水和800μL水分别代替样品分析液和双氧水溶液作为空白组。反应结束后取200μL反应液置于96孔板中,波长492nm处测定其吸光度,按照以下公式计算三种样品溶液对羟自由基的清除能力,其中Acontrol代表对照组的吸光度值,Asample代表实验样品组的吸光度值,Ablank代表空白组的吸光度值。
CS、CSCA对羟基自由基清除活性的测定结果如附图3所示,CSCA对羟基自由基清除活性均随着浓度的升高而升高,明显高于同浓度下CS的清除率。
效果实施例2:螯合金属离子活性的测定
取50μL样品,30μL FeCl2(0.3mmol/L),在37℃温度下孵育不同时间,每个时间点取出混合溶液,并加入120μL的菲啰嗪(0.3mol/L)混合均匀,在562nm处的测定吸光度,每组样品平行测定3次。以0.1mol/L的醋酸溶液代替样品溶液,作为对照组。根据以下公式计算螯合金属离子活性,其中Asample代表实验样品组的吸光度值,Acontrol代表对照组的吸光度值。
螯合金属离子测定结果如附图4所示,可知,CSCA对金属离子的清除活性随着时间的延长而升高,20min时CSCA对Fe2+的螯合作用超过80%,30min时螯合金属活性达到85.85%,CS对金属离子的螯合作用也呈时间依赖性,50min时达到53.68%,在测定浓度范围内,CSCA对金属离子的螯合作用明显高于CS。
Claims (9)
1.一种柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将无水柠檬酸、乙酸酐、冰乙酸置于茄型瓶中,在一定温度下搅拌直至柠檬酸全部溶解后继续保温搅拌一定时间,减压蒸馏除去乙酸,向剩余的介质中加入一定量的热三氯甲烷,继续搅拌直至有白色沉淀析出,抽滤,用三氯甲烷反复洗涤,产物真空干燥24 h,得到柠檬酸酐,密封保存;
(2)将壳聚糖溶解于一定浓度的醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用甲醇稀释,取步骤(1)中制备的柠檬酸酐溶解于甲醇中,将壳聚糖溶液和柠檬酸酐溶液混合并置于茄型瓶中,在一定温度下搅拌反应数小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次,将得到的产物用透析袋透析48 h,产物冷冻干燥48 h,得到柠檬酸壳聚糖;
(3)将β甘油磷酸钠溶液于冰水浴和磁力搅拌下加入步骤(2)制备得到的柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液中,继续搅拌15 ~30 min,在低温搅拌的条件下加入羟乙基纤维素溶液,获得柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中无水柠檬酸、乙酸酐、冰乙酸的质量比为1:(0.8~1.2):(0.5~0.8)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中搅拌温度为35~40°C,搅拌时间为18~24 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中热三氯甲烷的温度为40~50°C,用三氯甲烷洗涤次数为3~5次。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)为:将3~5%壳聚糖溶解于8~12%醋酸溶液中,搅拌过夜,用甲醇稀释4~8倍,取步骤(1)中制备的柠檬酸酐溶解于甲醇中,将壳聚糖溶液和柠檬酸酐溶液混合并置于茄型瓶中,在70~100°C下搅拌反应10~15h,反应结束后冷却至室温,向混合溶液中加入丙酮,搅拌,抽滤,分别用丙酮、乙醚各洗涤三次,将得到的产物用透析袋透析48 h,产物冷冻干燥48 h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,壳聚糖与柠檬酸酐的质量比为1:(0.6~1.0)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为(18~22):(3~5):(2~4)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶制备方法,其特征在于,柠檬酸壳聚糖溶液、β甘油磷酸钠溶液和羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量比为20:4:3。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述制备方法制备的柠檬酸壳聚糖水凝胶在心肌组织工程中细胞移植支架材料中的应用。
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