CN116171811A - Method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers of greenhouse strawberries after field planting - Google Patents
Method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers of greenhouse strawberries after field planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after greenhouse strawberry field planting, which comprises the following steps: controlling soil humidity: keeping the humidity of the surface soil slightly drought and strawberry root system soil at 50-60%; controlling the absorption of nitrogenous fertilizer; controlling the temperature of the greenhouse; keeping the proper temperature of the flower bud in the differentiation period at 10-20 ℃; controlling excessive growth of the medicament: when the strawberries grow mildly, calcium prohexadione is adopted for foliar spraying, and then potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for foliar spraying; management and control of farming: and (3) removing lateral buds and excessively dense leaves, wherein 5-6 complete functional leaves are reserved in each strawberry plant. The invention can simultaneously control the vigorous growth of strawberries, promote the growth of root systems, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and has high safety and other factors; compared with the use of a medicine for controlling vigorous growth, the method has the advantages that although the working procedures are increased, the problem of vigorous growth can be safely and effectively solved, and meanwhile, the delay of flower bud differentiation is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower growth of strawberries in a greenhouse after field planting.
Background
The vigorous growth of the strawberry after field planting mainly occurs after living plants, so that the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the strawberry are disordered, the vigorous growth of the strawberry is generally represented by new leaves in 5-6 days, the leaves are too large, the leaves are too thin, the leaf stalks are too long, the leaf color is shallow, the flower bud differentiation is delayed, the flowers are less, the flowers are too many, the fruits are malformed, and the yield and the quality of the strawberry are seriously affected.
Through an effective control and vigorous growth technology, the nutrition growth and reproductive growth balance of the strawberries can be coordinated, the growth of leaf stalks is regulated, the thickness of the leaves is increased, the space required by the growth of the strawberries is reduced, the overground parts of the strawberry seedlings are compact in growth, the root system is promoted to develop, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted to be good; is favorable for ventilation and light transmission, improves the disease resistance of plants, and reduces the usage amount and the usage times of chemical agents.
At present, most strawberries are planted and then controlled to flourish by selecting azole medicaments such as paclobutrazol and the like. However, the dosage of azole medicaments such as paclobutrazol is difficult to master effectively, if the dosage is light, the ideal effect of controlling the growth is often not achieved, if the dosage is heavy, although the growth can be controlled effectively, the reproductive growth of strawberries can be inhibited seriously after the use, the flower bud differentiation of the strawberries is delayed seriously, thus influencing the time to market and the economic benefit of the strawberries, and increasing the number of malformed fruits in the later period.
Meanwhile, other strawberry hyperactivity control agents are adopted, for example, chinese patent CN107624757A discloses a novel strawberry hyperactivity control agent, the effective components of the strawberry hyperactivity control agent are flumetralin and prohexadione calcium, the weight ratio of flumetralin to prohexadione calcium is 30:1-1:30, and the weight percentage of the sum of the two components in the strawberry hyperactivity control agent is 5% -80%. The invention can effectively control the vigorous growth of strawberry seedling stage, and achieve the purposes of promoting flower bud differentiation and improving disease resistance and yield. By compounding the low-toxicity plant growth inhibitors with two different action modes, the control effect can be improved, the dosage of the medicament can be effectively reduced, the use cost can be reduced, and the edible safety of strawberries can be improved.
However, the long-term use of pure agents is very likely to cause problems of inhibiting the reproductive growth of strawberries, delaying the differentiation of flower buds of strawberries, and affecting the time to market and economic benefits of strawberries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the current strawberry vigour control technology, the invention adopts a solution for controlling vigour, promoting flowers and preventing diseases, and the solution can not only control the vigour of the strawberries, but also promote the growth of strawberry root systems, promote the differentiation of flower buds and treat diseases, thereby improving the economic benefit of the strawberries. The modern agricultural planting technology is also more concerned that the control of the excessive load is performed simultaneously by multiple factors, different measures for controlling the excessive load are required to be comprehensively utilized, and one measure cannot be independently used for repeatedly controlling the excessive load.
Specifically, the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after field planting of greenhouse strawberries can comprise the following steps (all scheme steps can be carried out simultaneously in the growth period of strawberry seedlings):
(1) Controlling soil humidity: controlling the humidity of the field soil, keeping the humidity of the surface soil slightly drought and the strawberry root system soil at 50-60%, and not drought and not watering;
(2) Controlling absorption of nitrogen fertilizer: after field planting for 15-25 days (when the 3 rd functional leaf is fully unfolded), inhibiting the absorption of nitrogen by plants and supplementing medium and trace elements;
(3) Controlling the temperature of a greenhouse: keeping the proper temperature of the flower bud in the differentiation period at 10-20 ℃;
(4) Controlling excessive growth of the medicament: controlling the growth of strawberries by adopting chemical agents after 20-25d of field planting, spraying leaves by adopting prohexadione calcium when the strawberries grow, spraying leaves by adopting monopotassium phosphate after 7-10 d, and spraying leaves by adopting monopotassium phosphate again after 7-10 d;
(5) Farming management control (time: 10 months middle and late): and (3) removing lateral buds and excessively dense leaves, wherein 5-6 complete functional leaves are reserved in each strawberry plant.
In the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower growth after field planting of strawberries in the greenhouse, preferably, in the step (1), soil humidity is controlled after the 3 rd new leaf of the strawberries is fully opened. And in the early morning, the new strawberry leaves are watered instead of being watered. The main purpose of the step (1) is as follows: proper drought promotes the growth of strawberry root systems, strengthens plants, reduces the absorption of strawberry moisture and nitrogen, and prevents vigorous growth. In addition, water and fertilizer control is generally required to be performed simultaneously in the plant growth process.
In the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after field planting of strawberries in the greenhouse, preferably, in the step (2), the absorption of nitrogen by plants is inhibited by spraying monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces; wherein, the monopotassium phosphate is 99 percent of monopotassium phosphate (the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 34 percent and the phosphorus pentoxide is more than or equal to 52 percent), and the water with the ratio concentration of 80-100g/20L is 0.4-0.5 percent. Spray quantity is 80-100g/20L/330m 2 . Through reasonable use of nitrogen fertilizer, the antagonism of high concentration potassium elements such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like and nitrogen elements is utilized, so that the absorption of plants to the nitrogen elements is inhibited, and meanwhile, medium and trace elements are supplemented, the nutrition absorption of strawberries is balanced, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted. The medium trace elements can be commercial products of calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron.
In the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower growth after field planting of strawberries in a greenhouse, preferably, in the step (3), when the temperature is too high, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced by increasing the ventilation quantity. In order to avoid overhigh temperature, the temperature in the greenhouse can be reduced by increasing ventilation, particularly when the temperature is high in sunny days, the air port is required to be enlarged, the ventilation quantity is increased, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, the proper temperature of the flower bud differentiation period is kept to be 10-20 ℃, the germination differentiation is stopped below 5 ℃, and the flower bud differentiation above 25 ℃ is inhibited.
In the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers of strawberries in the greenhouse after field planting, preferably, in the step (4), when strawberries have a rapid growth trend, 15-20% of prohexadione calcium is diluted by 800-1000 times for foliar spraying; 50-60g of 99% monopotassium phosphate is added with 20L foliar spray after 7-10 d, and 100-120g of 99% monopotassium phosphate is added with 20L foliar spray after 7-10 d, so that the vigorous growth of strawberries can be effectively controlled. The method for judging whether the strawberries grow vigorously, namely the strawberries have a rapid growth trend, can be as follows: growing new leaves about 5 days after field planting; the leaf stalks are too long; the blades are thin and large; the leaves are light in color. When spraying the leaf surface, it is generally preferable to spray the liquid 2 to 3 times continuously.
In the method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after field planting of strawberries in the greenhouse, preferably, the too dense strawberry plants in the step (5) need to be split in time to remove old leaves, diseased leaves and too dense overlapped leaves. By removing lateral buds and excessive dense leaves, each strawberry plant retains 5-6 complete functional leaves, and a ventilated and light-transmitting environment is created for strawberry plants, so that the nutritional growth of the strawberries is inhibited, the reproductive growth is promoted, and nutrients are transported to flowers and fruits. The plant is too dense, the number of leaves is large, the leaves are mutually shielded, and the photosynthesis area is not increased.
Compared with the method for controlling the excessive growth by using the paclobutrazol, the azole medicament and other medicaments singly, the method has the advantages that the reaction time for controlling the excessive growth is longer, namely the effect showing time is longer, and the medicament effect is relatively slow. Paclobutrazol preparation belongs to pesticide preparation control and can show a certain effect about 3 days after use, but can influence flower bud differentiation and influence benefit; the control program of the invention can show effect only about 7 days, but has no influence on the growth of unfavorable plants, and can strengthen plants and promote flower bud differentiation. In addition, the invention can simultaneously control the vigorous growth of strawberries, promote the growth of root systems, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and has high safety and other factors. Compared with the method for controlling the vigorous growth by using a simple medicament, the method can safely and effectively solve the problem of the vigorous growth although the process is increased, and simultaneously avoid the delay of flower bud differentiation.
Drawings
The number of flowers (fruits) in each test area is shown in FIG. 1. The left graph shows the quantity of flowering branches (fruiting) after the control is vigorous, the middle graph shows the CK area flowering branch condition, and the right graph shows the medicament area flowering branch condition.
FIG. 2 test area strawberry plant growth height conditions.
Fig. 3 test area strawberry new leaf and stem thickness.
Fig. 4 test area strawberry leaf chlorophyll content profile.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the technical content of the present invention, but the essential content of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below, and those skilled in the art can and should know that any simple changes or substitutions based on the essential spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Example 1
1. Experimental time: 2021 month 9-10
2. Experiment site: intelligent agricultural grain in Changfeng county of Guangfei city of Anhui province
3. The test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Controlling soil moisture
The soil humidity time of the field is controlled to be 50-60% of the soil humidity of the strawberry root system after the 3 rd new leaf of the strawberry is completely grown, and the strawberry is not dry and watered.
(2) Scientific fertilization, vigorous control and flower promotion
20 days after field planting, 80-100g/20L of water (0.4-0.5% concentration) containing 99% of monopotassium phosphate (potassium oxide is more than or equal to 34% and phosphorus pentoxide is more than or equal to 52%) and 25g/20L of water containing medium trace elements (calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron is more than or equal to 140 g/L) are sprayed on leaf surfaces for 1 time, so that the absorption of nitrogen by plants is inhibited, medium trace elements are supplemented, the nutrient absorption of strawberries is balanced, and flower bud differentiation is promoted.
(3) Controlling greenhouse temperature
The temperature is high in sunny days, the air port is enlarged, the ventilation quantity is increased, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and the proper temperature of the flower bud in the differentiation period is kept at 10-20 ℃.
(4) Medicament controlling vigorous growth
When the strawberry grows vigorously, the leaf surface spraying is carried out by 800-1000 times of the calcium propinquaate with the active ingredient content of 15-20%, 50-60g of 99% monopotassium phosphate is added with 20L of leaf surface spraying after 7-10 d, and 80-100g of 99% monopotassium phosphate is added with 20L of leaf surface spraying after 7-10 d for the second time, so that the strawberry growth can be effectively controlled.
(5) Controlling excessive force in coordination with agriculture management
Time: 10 months in middle and late days. The too dense strawberry plants need to split old leaves, diseased leaves and too dense overlapped leaves in time, each strawberry plant keeps 5-6 complete functional leaves, and a ventilated and light-transmitting environment is created for the strawberry plants, so that the nutrition growth of the strawberries is inhibited, the reproduction growth is promoted, and the nutrition is transported to flowers and fruits.
Experimental results and analysis:
1. test results
(1) After the scheme of the invention is used for controlling the growth of strawberries in a test area (scheme area) for 5 days, the whole plants grow normally without obvious change; the plant growth is obviously slowed down after the azole medicament is adopted only for controlling the vigorous growth area (medicament area) for 5 days, the color of the leaf surface is dark green, and the thickness of the leaf surface is increased. After 10d, the test effect of the scheme starts to appear, the color of the old leaf blade starts to be converted into dark green, and the color of the new leaf blade is light green; while plants in areas with vigorous azole agents are short, new She Chousheng is slow, and stagnant growth occurs in severe areas.
(2) The bud differentiation period can be seen, the growth of the strawberry bud is not affected after the control of the scheme is vigorous, the bud differentiation is normal, the growth of the flower branch is normal, and other abnormal phenomena are not generated; the whole flower bud differentiation in the vigorous control area of the medicament is influenced, the time of the bud period is delayed by about 7 days, the growth of flowers is inhibited, and the flowers are short, few, dysplasia and the like. As in fig. 1. The left graph shows the quantity of flowering branches (fruiting) after the control is vigorous, the middle graph shows the CK area flowering branch condition, and the right graph shows the medicament area flowering branch condition. The quantity of flowers (fruits) after regional control is obviously better than that of CK region and medicament region.
(3) Data analysis
15 groups of strawberry plants are randomly selected from each test area, and data acquisition is carried out on the strawberry plants from 9 months and 30 days, so that the CK area (blank control-no azole agent is adopted for controlling the growth and no azole agent is adopted for controlling the growth) is normal in strawberry plant growth, the maximum speed of the whole plant is 11.25cm, and the plant growth vigor is high; after the azole medicament is sprayed in the medicament area, the whole plant rapidly stops growing and is basically maintained at a certain height of 8.52cm within a period of time; the growth trend of the strawberries in the test area is obviously slowed down, but the growth is not stopped, the growth of the new leaves is slowed down to 9.5cm, and the whole plant is good. As in fig. 2.
From the analysis of the crude data of the new leaves and stems of the strawberry, the crude data of the new leaves and stems of the strawberry in the medicament area is superior to that of other experimental groups, the average stem thickness reaches 17.87mm, the stem thickness in the scheme area reaches 17.32mm, and finally the CK group obviously shows the vigorous growth phenomenon, and the stem is thin and weak and reaches 17.24cm. As in fig. 3.
The chlorophyll content of the plant leaves is closely related to photosynthetic rate, nutrition status and the like, the chlorophyll content is measured to represent the growth status of the plants, and the leaf color change is used as an important index for strawberry seedling condition diagnosis and fertilizer and water management. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the chlorophyll content of the strawberry leaf measured by the Wang control scheme of the invention for 2 times is superior to that of other experimental groups, the highest chlorophyll content (SPAD) reaches 49.23, the highest CK group is 47.66, the highest CK group is 3.29% higher than the highest CK group, the highest agent area is 46.63, and the highest agent area is 5.58% higher than the highest agent area.
2. Test analysis
(1) After strawberry field planting, the water and the water are controlled to be vigorous, so that the strawberry field planting can be controlled to be vigorous, meanwhile, the seedling hardening can be carried out on strawberry seedlings, the stress resistance and the adaptability of the strawberry seedlings are enhanced, the soil humidity is controlled by controlling the water and the water, the soil drought caused by excessive water control is avoided, and the strawberry is dehydrated, dried and dead.
(2) When potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for controlling the growth, antagonism is generated by using the concentration potassium and nitrogen, so that the absorption of the strawberries to the nitrogenous fertilizer is inhibited, the growth of the strawberry leaves is delayed, and the purpose of controlling the growth is achieved; the phosphorus can promote the growth of root systems, supplement medium and trace (calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron) elements, balance the nutrition absorption of strawberries, promote the differentiation of flower buds and play a role in controlling upwards and downwards.
(3) The calcium prohexadione selected by controlling the growth of the drug is matched, so that the strawberry body source hormone can be regulated, and the stress resistance and the disease resistance can be enhanced; inhibiting the overgrowth of plants, leading the root systems of the plants to be developed and the stems to be thick and strong; promoting flower bud differentiation, improving fruit setting rate, promoting fruit expansion, sweetening and coloring, and early marketing; increasing chlorophyll content, and enhancing photosynthesis. The effects of promoting flowers and fruits, treating diseases and resisting diseases can be achieved while the vigorous growth of strawberries is controlled, and the safety is high.
(4) When pesticides such as azoles are used for controlling the growth, although the effect of controlling the growth and the effect of preventing diseases are remarkable, the use amount of the azole bactericide is controlled, and the nutrition growth of the strawberries is controlled and the flower bud differentiation of the strawberries is affected, so that the yield is affected.
It should be noted that the foregoing technical disclosure is only for explanation and illustration to enable one skilled in the art to know the technical spirit of the present invention, and the technical disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The essential scope of the invention is as defined in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for controlling the growth and promoting the flowers of the strawberries in the greenhouse after the field planting of the strawberries comprises the following operation methods:
(1) Controlling soil humidity: controlling the humidity of the field soil, keeping the humidity of the surface soil slightly drought and the strawberry root system soil at 50-60%, and not drought and not watering;
(2) Controlling absorption of nitrogen fertilizer: after field planting for 15-25 days, inhibiting the absorption of nitrogen by plants and supplementing medium and trace elements;
(3) Controlling the temperature of a greenhouse: keeping the proper temperature of the flower bud in the differentiation period at 10-20 ℃;
(4) Controlling excessive growth of the medicament: after 20-25d of strawberry field planting, chemical agent is adopted to control the growth, when the strawberry has a trend of overgrowth, calcium prohexadione is adopted to carry out foliar spray, 7-10 d of the strawberry field planting is followed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 7-10 d of the strawberry field planting is followed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray again;
(5) Management and control of farming: and (3) removing lateral buds and excessively dense leaves, wherein 5-6 complete functional leaves are reserved in each strawberry plant.
2. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower after greenhouse strawberry field planting according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), soil humidity is controlled after the 3 rd new leaf of the strawberry is fully opened.
3. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after greenhouse strawberry field planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), absorption of nitrogen by plants is inhibited by spraying monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces.
4. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower after field planting of greenhouse strawberries according to claim 3, wherein the monopotassium phosphate is monopotassium phosphate with purity of 99%, wherein potassium oxide is more than or equal to 34wt%, phosphorus pentoxide is more than or equal to 52wt%, and water is adopted to prepare a solution with concentration of 0.4-0.5wt% for foliar spraying.
5. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flower after greenhouse strawberry field planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the temperature is too high, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced by increasing the ventilation quantity.
6. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after field planting of greenhouse strawberries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when strawberries have a tendency of overgrowth, 15-20wt% of prohexadione calcium is 800-1000 times sprayed on leaves, 50-60g of the strawberries are used after 7-10 d, 20L of water is added with 99% of monopotassium phosphate, 80-100g of the strawberries are used again after 7-10 d, and 20L of water is added with 99% of monopotassium phosphate.
7. The method for controlling vigorous growth and promoting flowers after greenhouse strawberry field planting according to claim 1, wherein the strawberry plants with too dense plants in the step (5) need to be split off old leaves, diseased leaves and too dense overlapped leaves in time.
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