CN116130809A - 一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116130809A CN116130809A CN202310204492.5A CN202310204492A CN116130809A CN 116130809 A CN116130809 A CN 116130809A CN 202310204492 A CN202310204492 A CN 202310204492A CN 116130809 A CN116130809 A CN 116130809A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- supplementing
- nitrate
- electrolyte
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 15
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QLJCFNUYUJEXET-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trinitrite Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O QLJCFNUYUJEXET-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GMKDNCQTOAHUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S GMKDNCQTOAHUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDBBTVFYDZWUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) trinitrite Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O JDBBTVFYDZWUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver nitrite Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N=O KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dinitrite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KOMLXUNAWWFLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonamide Chemical compound [Li].NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KOMLXUNAWWFLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- USPTVMVRNZEXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound NS(F)(=O)=O USPTVMVRNZEXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KOOYZQZPDGRCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-L N(=O)[O-].[Sn+2].N(=O)[O-] Chemical compound N(=O)[O-].[Sn+2].N(=O)[O-] KOOYZQZPDGRCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNEQAVYOCNWYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dinitrite Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O XNEQAVYOCNWYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及二次电池技术领域,公开了一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法与应用。具体利用电解液添加剂促进正极补锂剂分解以达到补充负极化成时锂损耗的目的,通过将正极活性物质、粘接剂、导电剂与正极补锂剂混合制备得到补锂正极极片。该方法不同于固相成分作为催化剂促进补锂剂分解,减少了电池非活性材料占比,进而提高电池的能量密度;且补锂后,正极补锂剂的副产物气体在化成阶段被负压抽除,不会影响电池的结构和性能,具有成本低,操作简便且补锂效果好的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二次电池技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法与应用。
背景技术
由于各种电子设备的高速发展,对高能量密度锂离子电池的需求日益增加。现有锂离子电池体系中石墨负极的比容量无法满足高能量密度的需求,需要开发新一代负极材料,比容量高达3580mah/g的硅负极材料成为下一代负极的候选者,但是硅基材料首次循环时具有高的初始不可逆容量,严重影响了电池的能量密度和使用寿命。针对这一问题,研究者以及工程师采用补锂的方法来补偿其初始循环过程中的不可逆容量损失。
目前补锂最为常见工艺分为正极补锂和负极补锂。负极补锂是采用锂粉和锂箔等工艺补充负极在首次循环过程中不可逆容量损失,但是锂粉以及锂箔反应活性高,对水敏感,会造成安全问题,需要额外的处理与当前生产线匹配;而正极补锂工艺,即在正极添加少量高容量的含锂氧化物,例如Li5FeO4、Li2O、Li2O2、Li3N、Li2C2O4等材料,这些材料在首次充放电时锂不可逆,多余锂以补充首次放电过程中的锂损失。其中LiF、Li2CO3、Li2C4O4、Li2C2O4、Li2C3O5、Li2C5O5、Li2C4O6、Li2C6O6、Li2C3O3、Li5FeO4、Li2NiO2、Li2O、Li2O2、Li3N、Li2CO3、Li2N4O2C2因为比容量高、对水较为稳定,与当前正极工艺兼容成为合适的补锂试剂。但是其高的分解电位(~4.6V)限制其应用。专利CN201680091755中采用贵金属或者过渡金属氧化物作为固相催化剂催化Li2O2分解,但是固相催化剂作为非活性材料会催化电解液分解,造成电池容量的衰减,而且过渡金属溶出会导致电池容量衰退,另外非活性物质会降低电池的能量密度。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,采用电解液添加剂促进补锂剂分解的方法进行补锂,以达到补充负极化成时锂损耗的目的。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,利用电解液添加剂促进正极补锂剂分解的方法进行锂离子电池正极补锂;具体通过将正极活性材料、粘接剂、导电剂与正极补锂剂混合制备得到补锂正极极片;
其中,所述正极补锂剂至少为LiF、Li2CO3、Li2C4O4、Li2C2O4、Li2C3O5、Li2C5O5、Li2C4O6、Li2C6O6、Li2C3O3、Li5FeO4、Li2NiO2、Li2O、Li2O2、Li3N、Li2CO3、Li2N4O2C2中的一种;
所述电解液添加剂为可溶性氧化还原介质,具体为硫化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碘化物、溴化物、亚硝酸盐或氯化物,且所述电解液添加剂在电解液中的质量分数为0.001wt%~10wt%。
可选地,所述电解液的电解质锂盐至少为六氟磷酸锂、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、双三氟甲基磺酸亚胺锂、双氟磺酸亚胺锂中的一种,且所述电解质锂盐在电解液中的摩尔浓度为1~3mol/L;
所述电解液的溶剂为碳酸酯类溶剂,具体为环状酯碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯和线状酯碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯中的一种或者多种的混合。
可选地,所述正极活性材料为磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、锰酸锂、镍锰酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、钴酸锂或镍酸锂。
可选地,所述电解液添加剂至少为硫代硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫代硫酸锂、碘化钾、碘化锂、碘化钠、硝酸锂、硝酸钠、硝酸铁、硝酸亚铁、硝酸镁、硝酸钙、硝酸铝、硝酸锌、硝酸铜、硝酸银、硝酸锡、硝酸铵、溴化锂、溴化钾、溴化钠、亚硝酸锂、亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸铁、亚硝酸亚铁、亚硝酸镁、亚硝酸钙、亚硝酸铝、亚硝酸锌、亚硝酸铜、亚硝酸银、亚硝酸锡、亚硝酸铵、氯化钾、氯化锂、氯化钠中的一种。
本发明目的在于通过在电解液中添加少量添加剂以促进高比容量正极补锂剂分解,实现化成时补充负极锂损失的目的。侧重于保护通过电解液实现正极补锂这种方法,这种方法所选取和保护的添加剂、正极补锂剂不仅仅可用于所述的商业碳酸酯电解液体系,还可用于其他溶剂体系,如醚类电解液体系,磷酸酯电解液体系等。
本发明还请求上述锂离子电池正极补锂的方法在锂离子电池或锂金属电池中的应用。
具体地,还包括:弹片、垫片、隔膜和负极;其中,
所述负极采用的材料为天然石墨、人造石墨、合金类负极材料、氧化亚硅负极材料、硅碳材料、氧化亚硅/碳材料;所述隔膜为单层聚丙烯隔膜。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明提供的一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法与应用,具有如下优异效果:
本发明利用电解液添加剂促进正极补锂剂分解以达到补充负极化成时锂损耗的目的,通过将正极活性物质、粘接剂、导电剂与正极补锂剂混合制备得到补锂正极极片。该方法不同于固相成分作为催化剂促进补锂剂分解,减少了电池非活性材料占比,进而提高电池的能量密度;且补锂后,正极补锂剂的副产物气体在化成阶段被负压抽除,不会影响电池的结构和性能,具有成本低,操作简便且补锂效果好的特点;如实验例中,选择以草酸锂作为正极补锂剂,充电至4.5V时,对照组电解液中,草酸锂几乎不分解,而添加有添加剂的实验组#1,#2,草酸锂分解达到100%,其反应式为Li2C2O4→2Li++2CO2↑;分解提供大量活性锂的同时,产物二氧化碳可以化成时排出,正极极片不会残留补锂剂及惰性成分,极大的提高电池包能量密度。
具体地,本发明采用正极补锂剂及以电解液添加剂作为催化剂,不会增加非活性物质,极大的提高了电池的能量密度;且本发明所述的电池电解液与目前锂离子电池工艺技术相兼容,能更好的降低补锂剂分解电位,减少对正极活性材料结构的破坏,减少电解液的氧化分解,提升电池循环稳定性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1分别以实验组、对照组电解液制备的草酸锂半电池的循环性能曲线。
图2为实施例2草酸锂半电池的循环性能曲线。
图3为实施例3草酸锂半电池的循环性能曲线。
图4为实施例4草酸锂半电池的循环性能曲线。
图5为不补锂和补锂条件下镍钴锰酸锂//硅碳全电池性能对比曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例及说明书附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明制备得到的电解液可与目前锂离子电池工艺技术相兼容,并且能更好的降低补锂剂分解电位,减少对正极活性材料结构的破坏,减少电解液的氧化分解,提升电池循环稳定性能。
实施例1
在氧压和水压都小于0.1ppm的氩气手套箱内,基准电解液配制组成为,锂盐:1.0mol·L-1六氟磷酸锂;有机溶剂:体积比为3:7的碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,作为对照组;
在基准电解液的基础上加入添加剂:1wt%碘化钾,得到的电解液作为实验组;
在氩气手套箱内40℃加热搅拌0.5h直至碘化钾全部溶解;
电解液用于以金属锂作为负极,草酸锂为正极的半电池测试,以单层聚丙烯膜为隔膜,0.1C(1C=200mAh/g)下首圈充放电曲线图,如图1。实验组充电至4.4V时比容量达到460.6mAh/g,充电至4.5V充电比容量534mAh/g,草酸锂分解100%(草酸锂理论比容量525mAh/g),对照组充电比容量2.3mAh/g,草酸锂几乎不分解。
实施例2
在氧压和水压都小于0.1ppm的氩气手套箱内,基准电解液配制组成为,锂盐:1.0mol·L-1六氟磷酸锂;有机溶剂:体积比为3:7碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,作为对照组;
在基准电解液的基础上加入添加剂:1wt%溴化钠,得到的电解液作为实验组;
在氩气手套箱内40℃加热搅拌0.5h直至溴化钠全部溶解。
电解液用于以金属锂作为负极,草酸锂为正极的半电池测试,以单层聚丙烯膜为隔膜,0.1C(1C=200mAh/g)下首圈充放电曲线图,如图2。充电至4.4V时比容量达到365mAh/g,充电至4.5V充电比容量531mAh/g,草酸锂分解100%。
实施例3
在氧压和水压都小于0.1ppm的氩气手套箱内,电解液配制组成为,锂盐:1.0mol·L-1六氟磷酸锂;有机溶剂:碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸二甲酯=3:7(体积比);
在基准电解液的基础上加入添加剂:1wt%氯化钠,得到的电解液作为实验组;
在氩气手套箱内40℃加热搅拌0.5h直至氯化钠全部溶解。
电解液用于以金属锂作为负极,草酸锂为正极的半电池测试,以单层聚丙烯膜为隔膜,0.1C(1C=200mAh/g)下首圈充放电曲线图,如图3。充电至充电至4.5V充电比容量482mAh/g,草酸锂分解88.4%。
实施例4
在氧压和水压都小于0.1ppm的氩气手套箱内,电解液配制组成为,锂盐:1.0mol·L-1二草酸硼酸锂;有机溶剂:碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸二甲酯=1:1(体积比);添加剂:1wt亚硝酸钾,在氩气手套箱内40℃加热搅拌0.5h直至亚硝酸钾全部溶解。
电解液用于以金属锂作为负极,草酸锂为正极的半电池测试,以单层聚丙烯膜为隔膜,0.1C(1C=200mAh/g)下首圈充放电曲线图,如图4。充电至充电至4.5V充电比容量283mAh/g,草酸锂分解52%。
实验例
选取LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2(NCM)作为正极,硅碳作为负极,电解液采用1.0mol·L-1六氟磷酸锂;有机溶剂:碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸二甲酯=3:7(体积比),组装全电池作为对照组,记为#0;
选取LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2+草酸锂作为正极,其中草酸锂在正极质量占比为3%,硅碳作为负极,电解液分别采用实例1~4中电解液组装全电池作为实验组,分别记为#1,#2,#3,#4;都采用单层聚丙烯膜作为隔膜,工作电压区间为2.5~4.3V,3圈化成后0.5C(1C=200mAh/g)下循环图如图5所示。其性能对比如下表所示。
实验编号 | <![CDATA[4<sup>th</sup>比容量]]> | <![CDATA[100<sup>th</sup>比容量]]> | <![CDATA[4<sup>th</sup>比容量提升]]> | <![CDATA[100<sup>th</sup>比容量提升]]> |
#0 | 162.5mAh/g | 103mAh/g | ||
#1 | 197.5mAh/g | 138.6mAh/g | 21.6% | 34.6% |
#2 | 197.3mAh/g | 138.8mAh/g | 21.4% | 34.8% |
#3 | 177.5mAh/g | 111.8mAh/g | 9.2% | 8.5% |
#4 | 177.5mAh/g | 114.7mAh/g | 9.2% | 11.3% |
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,其特征在于,利用电解液添加剂促进正极补锂剂分解的方法进行锂离子电池正极补锂;具体通过将正极活性材料、粘接剂、导电剂与正极补锂剂混合制备得到补锂正极极片;
其中,所述正极补锂剂至少为LiF、Li2CO3、Li2C4O4、Li2C2O4、Li2C3O5、Li2C5O5、Li2C4O6、Li2C6O6、Li2C3O3、Li5FeO4、Li2NiO2、Li2O、Li2O2、Li3N、Li2CO3、Li2N4O2C2中的一种;
所述电解液添加剂为可溶性氧化还原介质,具体为硫化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碘化物、溴化物、亚硝酸盐或氯化物,且所述电解液添加剂在电解液中的质量分数为0.001wt%~10wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,其特征在于,所述电解液的电解质锂盐至少为六氟磷酸锂、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、双三氟甲基磺酸亚胺锂、双氟磺酸亚胺锂中的一种,且所述电解质锂盐在电解液中的摩尔浓度为1~3mol/L;
所述电解液的溶剂为碳酸酯类溶剂,具体为环状酯碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯和线状酯碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯中的一种或者多种的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,其特征在于,所述正极活性材料为磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、锰酸锂、镍锰酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、钴酸锂或镍酸锂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极补锂的方法,其特征在于,所述电解液添加剂至少为硫代硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫代硫酸锂、碘化钾、碘化锂、碘化钠、硝酸锂、硝酸钠、硝酸铁、硝酸亚铁、硝酸镁、硝酸钙、硝酸铝、硝酸锌、硝酸铜、硝酸银、硝酸锡、硝酸铵、溴化锂、溴化钾、溴化钠、亚硝酸锂、亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸铁、亚硝酸亚铁、亚硝酸镁、亚硝酸钙、亚硝酸铝、亚硝酸锌、亚硝酸铜、亚硝酸银、亚硝酸锡、亚硝酸铵、氯化钾、氯化锂、氯化钠中的一种。
5.一种如权利要求1所述锂离子电池正极补锂的方法在锂离子电池或锂金属电池中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,还包括:弹片、垫片、隔膜和负极;其中,
所述负极采用的材料为天然石墨、人造石墨、合金类负极材料、氧化亚硅负极材料、硅碳材料、氧化亚硅/碳材料;所述隔膜为单层聚丙烯隔膜。
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CN116544535A (zh) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种无负极锂金属电池的补锂添加剂、正极浆料及正极 |
CN117913260A (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)(哈尔滨工业大学深圳科技创新研究院) | 一种补锂剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118398930A (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-07-26 | 淄博火炬能源有限责任公司 | 稳定性提高的三元/硅基锂离子电池的正极补锂方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116544535A (zh) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种无负极锂金属电池的补锂添加剂、正极浆料及正极 |
CN116544535B (zh) * | 2023-06-09 | 2024-02-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种无负极锂金属电池的补锂添加剂、正极浆料及正极 |
CN117913260A (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)(哈尔滨工业大学深圳科技创新研究院) | 一种补锂剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118398930A (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-07-26 | 淄博火炬能源有限责任公司 | 稳定性提高的三元/硅基锂离子电池的正极补锂方法 |
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