CN116121108B - 发酵粘液乳杆菌hnu312及制备减轻铅脑毒性药品的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312及制备减轻铅脑毒性药品的应用,通过设计了一个两阶段的实验,使用发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312(Lf312)来揭示益生菌如何减轻铅对早期生命的大脑毒性。首先,我们探索了Lf312对铅的体外吸附和耐受性。其次,测定并确认该菌株在体内的吸附能力。结果表明,Lf312不仅能在体内吸附铅离子,还能通过增加肠道中短链脂肪酸的水平,增强血脑屏障的完整性,减轻了大脑中的炎症和氧化应激,并最终改善了铅暴露小鼠的焦虑和抑郁行为。本发明阐明了Lf312减轻铅脑毒性作用的机制,为儿童群体性铅中毒脑损伤的预防和干预提供了新的措施。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,涉及发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312及制备减轻铅脑毒性药品的应用。
背景技术
铅是最具毒性的重金属之一,即使在低浓度下也会对人体健康产生危害。近年来,随着工业化和城市化的不断推进,全球铅的生产和消费显著增长,导致土壤和水体中的铅水平不断上升。铅可以通过吸附、离子交换、沉淀等一系列反应滞留在土壤中,产生各种铅化合物,并长期留在环境中。由于铅在自然界中具有持久性,并在生物链中积累,最终通过饮食摄入被人体吸收,对人类健康构成严重威胁。
铅暴露影响细胞膜,还可以通过多种机制促进活性氧和活性氮的产生,促进体内氧化应激。铅不仅会影响肾脏、肝脏、造血系统和骨骼系统,还会对神经系统造成严重风险。铅可引起神经和行为变化,包括大脑细胞损伤和轴突和树突发育的具体变化。由于生命早期血脑屏障发育不全,铅对发育中的大脑的影响是严重的。
一些研究表明,在神经发育的关键时期,铅对儿童的神经系统有重大影响。铅暴露与行为变化直接相关,甚至会导致脑容量减少、认知功能下降和低智商,并持续到成年。
目前,螯合疗法是重金属毒性的主要治疗方法,因为它可以与重金属形成可排泄的水溶性复合物,减少重金属在组织和器官中的积累。然而,螯合药物的保存方法、副作用和安全性存在一定的缺陷。
与螯合剂相比,天然抗氧化物不仅具有清除自由基和螯合作用,而且副作用小,但需要足够大的剂量才能缓解铅的毒性作用。然而,我们的日常膳食的摄入量不足以抵抗铅暴露带来的不良影响,而过量的膳食补充剂摄入对人体也可能产生损害。
因此,开发新的膳食治疗策略对于预防铅暴露引起的脑组织和神经损伤至关重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312及制备减轻铅脑毒性药品的应用,阐明了肠道菌群减轻铅对大脑毒性作用的机制,为铅对儿童脑损伤提供了预防措施。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供了发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312,该菌株已于2022年9月16日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62803,保藏地址:中国广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,分类学命名:Limosilactobacillus fermentum。
优选地,所述发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312的16S rRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明还提供了减轻铅脑毒性的药品,包括上述发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312。
本发明还提供了上述发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312在制备减轻铅脑毒性的药品中的应用。
优选地,所述减轻铅脑毒性的药品通过发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312对铅进行吸附。
优选地,所述减轻铅脑毒性的药品用于减轻慢性铅暴露引起的行为异常和脑损伤。
更优选地,所述慢性铅暴露引起的行为异常包括焦虑样和抑郁样行为。
优选地,所述减轻铅脑毒性的药品通过发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312促进粪便中铅离子的排泄,减少铅在脑组织中的蓄积。
优选地,所述减轻铅脑毒性的药品通过发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312增强血脑屏障的完整性,减轻大脑中的炎症和氧化应激。
优选地,所述减轻铅脑毒性的药品通过发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312增加肠道中短链脂肪酸的水平。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明设计了一个两阶段的实验,使用发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312(Lf312)来揭示益生菌如何减轻铅对早期生命的大脑毒性。首先,我们探索了Lf312对铅的体外吸附和耐受性。其次,测定并确认该菌株在体内的吸附能力。结果表明,Lf312不仅能在体内吸附铅离子,还能通过增加肠道中短链脂肪酸的水平,增强血脑屏障的完整性,减轻了大脑中的炎症和氧化应激,并最终改善了铅暴露小鼠的焦虑和抑郁行为。本发明阐明了Lf312减轻铅脑毒性作用的机制,为儿童群体性铅中毒脑损伤的预防和干预提供了新的措施。
附图说明
图1. Lf312体外对铅吸附及耐受能力的测定。(A) Lf312对铅的MIC测试(左为无铅MRS培养基,右为含铅MRS,含5 g 铅离子/L)。(B) Lf312对铅的吸附率(以灭活Lf312为对照)。(Wilcoxon秩和检验,*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001,误差棒:mean±SE)
图2. Lf312体外对铅吸附的超微电镜观察。场发射扫描电镜观察了Lf312吸附铅(A)和未接触铅(B)后细菌的状态。透射电镜观察了Lf312吸附铅(C)和未接触铅(D)后的细胞形态。吸附铅后的细菌(E)和未接触铅后的菌体(F)能谱扫描。
图3. Lf312对慢性铅暴露小鼠行为异常、粪便铅和脑铅水平及氧化性脑损伤的影响。 (A)大理石埋藏试验。埋弹珠的数量与焦虑类行为成正比(B)强迫游泳测试。静止不动的持续时间与类似抑郁的行为成正比。(C)各组小鼠粪便铅含量。#表示与Pb组差异显著(#P<0.05)。(D)各组小鼠脑内铅含量。(E)小鼠脑组织丙二醛含量。(F)小鼠脑组织中谷胱甘肽含量。(G)小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶活性。(Wilcoxon秩和检验,*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01,误差棒:mean±SEM)
图4. Lf312对铅暴露小鼠脑组织炎症及血脑屏障的影响。(A)海马CA3区免疫荧光(红色)胶质纤维酸性蛋白和离子钙接头蛋白-1;纹状体的免疫荧光(红色)紧密连接蛋白-1。(B) 胶质纤维酸性蛋白、离子钙接头蛋白-1、紧密连接蛋白-1的阳性面积比。(ANOVAs检验,*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001,误差棒:mean±SEM)
图5. Lf312对宿主肠道代谢物的影响。三组小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量比较。(Wilcoxon秩和检验,*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001,误差棒:mean±SEM)。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合实施例并对照附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例
一、发酵粘液乳杆菌 HNU312的分离鉴定和筛选
一株发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312,该菌株已于2022年9月16日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62803,保藏地址:中国广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,分类学命名:发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)。
发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)HNU312在MRS琼脂培养基上,37℃培养24 h,菌落呈乳白色,直径0.1-0.2 cm,表面光滑、湿润、隆起,边缘齐整,在光学显微镜下观察,呈杆状。
初筛:本研究分别从海南省五指山地区采集到6个发酵鱼茶类样品和6个发酵蔬菜类样品,从海南省白沙地区采集到4个发酵鱼茶类样品和4个发酵蔬菜类样品,共计20份发酵食品。采用10倍稀释法制备梯度为10-1-10-5的样品稀释液,取10-3、10-4、10-5浓度梯度稀释液各100 μL分别涂布于MRS琼脂培养基上,37℃厌氧培养48 h。经过多次分离纯化培养,以及在显微镜下辨别革兰氏染色后的菌体形状,保留单一形状的菌株样本,剔除杂菌样本。
分离株的鉴定:参照试剂盒提取分离株的DNA。随后进行PCR体系和程序,扩增每一个样本的16S rRNA基因。利用0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳对将扩增产物电泳。由青岛鹏翔生物完成测序。
将分离株的序列与NCBI比对,选择输出结果中最高的Query cover和Ident的信息作为该分离株在物种水平上的鉴定结果。
16S rRNA扩增引物
ID | 序列 |
AD27f | 5’-AGCGGATCACTTCACAGGACTACGGCTACCTTGTTACG-3’ |
AD1495r | 5’-GCAGAGTTCTCGGAGTCGCACGAAGAGTTTGATCCTGCTCA-3’ |
依据16S rRNA基因测序结果,从发酵鱼茶和发酵蔬菜中共分离到60株乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)共分离到42株。发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)共分离到18株。
复筛:对上述60株初筛菌株进行耐酸、耐胆盐性能测定,进一步筛选出耐受力强的菌株。
菌株的耐酸能力测定方法如下:用1 mol/L的HCl调节MRS肉汤培养基至pH值分别为2.0、3.0,将活化好的菌株按3% 接种量分别接种于不同pH值的MRS肉汤培养基中,37℃培养4 h,10倍梯度稀释后涂布于MRS琼脂培养基上,计数,测定其中的活菌数,计算存活率,同时设置空白对照。
结果见表1:
表1 不同pH下菌株的存活率
菌株的耐胆盐能力测定方法如下:制备含0.3%、0.4% 牛胆盐的MRS肉汤培养基中,37℃培养4 h,10倍梯度稀释后涂布于MRS琼脂培养基上,计数,测定其中的活菌数,计算存活率,同时设置空白对照。
结果见表2:
表2 不同胆盐浓度下菌株的存活率
从表1和表2的结果可以看出,随着pH值的下降和胆盐浓度的升高,乳杆菌的存活率下降。综合耐酸、耐胆盐性能来看,发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312菌株在pH=2.5、pH=3.5的环境下存活率能够达到95.61%、98.44%,在0.3%、0.4%胆盐浓度下的存活率分别能够达到60.33%、60.31%,表明发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312菌株具有良好的耐受性。
二、体外实验
2.1 Lf312对铅的耐受性测定
从海南传统发酵食品中分离得到发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312(Lf312),保存于海南大学海南省食品营养与功能食品重点实验室。采用最低抑制浓度法测定Lf312的铅耐受性。醋酸铅溶液经0.22 mm无菌过滤膜灭菌后加入MRS琼脂培养基中。将铅离子的最终浓度调整为1000 ~ 5000 mg/L。每个平板平均分为4个区域,每个区域接种菌液2点(2.5 μL),每个铅浓度为2平行,共16平行。以无铅MRS琼脂培养基为对照,在37℃孵育48 h后观察Lf312的生长情况。
2.2 Lf312对铅的吸附性测定
Lf312孵育18 h,4℃ 5200×g离心10分钟。将细菌在无菌超纯水中进行涡旋重悬,离心,重复2次。然后用0.22mm无菌滤膜对醋酸铅溶液(150mg 铅离子/L)进行过滤,并与细菌混合重悬。用无铅超纯水作为对照。调整pH值为5.0,在摇床中37°C孵育1小时,然后在4°C离心10分钟,5200×g。采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定离心后上清液中残留铅的含量,得到Lf312对铅的吸附率。并用场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜观察处理后的菌体细胞。
三、体内实验
3.1 实验动物及体内实验设计
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(3周龄,7.92±0.36g)来源于中国长沙天勤生物技术有限公司,饲养在无特定病原体条件下,日光照周期为12 h,温度为22±2℃,相对湿度为55%±10%。在喂养阶段,向小鼠提供随意饮食和水。驯化3天后,将小鼠随机分为Con(无铅饮用水,n=12)、Pb(含铅饮用水,n=12)、Pro(含铅饮用水,n=12)组。Pro组每日被灌胃8Log10 CFULf312(溶于无菌生理盐水中),Con和Pb组每日被灌胃等体积的无菌盐水。在整个实验过程中,各组小鼠均饲喂相同的饲料。
在实验的第0周、第2周、第5周和第8周,采集小鼠粪便以测定其铅含量。第8周时,采集脑组织以测定其铅含量以及免疫和氧化指标,并对粪便进行鸟枪法宏基因组测序和短链脂肪酸测定。
3.2 行为学测试
在实验结束前一周,对小鼠进行了行为测试。每次实验前,将小鼠放入行为实验室10 min,以适应并确保温度和光照条件。行为测试在上午9点至下午3点进行,按照压力从最小到最大的顺序进行大理石掩埋测试何强迫游泳测试。
大理石掩埋实验用于测试小鼠的重复性和焦虑样行为。待小鼠适应测试环境后,单独放置在一个干净无味的透明亚克力材料箱里(35×28×18.5 cm,长×宽×高),笼子内有5 cm高的杨木屑垫料,并放入16颗直径2.3 cm的大理石小球,按4×4均匀排列。将小鼠放入箱内后,在灯光和白噪声刺激下测试10 min,然后计算小鼠成功掩埋(小球被埋在垫料中的体积≥2/3)的小球数量。在每次的测试结束后更换垫料,并用75%乙醇清洗大理石弹珠后,风干至酒精挥发。小鼠的重复性和焦虑样行为与掩埋数量呈正相关。
小鼠强迫游泳实验用于测试小鼠的抑郁样行为。待小鼠适应测试环境后,单独放置在透明玻璃缸内(直径15cm,水深15 cm,水温24℃),共计6 min。记录后4 min内小鼠静止不动行为(除了为避免落水而向上的运动外,无其它运动)时间。测试结束后,小鼠被轻轻擦干。用75%乙醇清洗容器,每只实验动物重新换水,并调节相同的水温。小鼠的抑郁样行为与静止的时间呈正相关。
3.3 粪便和脑组织中铅含量的测定
将粪便和脑组织加入浓硝酸溶液中,直至完全浸没。粪便和脑组织分别在120°C微波消解40 min和2h。完全消解后,将样本放入10 mL硝酸溶液中。通过原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅含量。
3.4 脑内炎症和氧化指标的测定
用预冷的无菌盐水充分冲洗脑组织,然后分别置于4%多聚甲醛溶液或液氮中进行免疫荧光切片和匀浆。后续样品处理(用兔抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白、离子钙接头蛋白-1、紧密链接蛋白-1染色)、图像采集、免疫荧光切片分析均由中国武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司完成。按照试剂盒说明书,用脑组织匀浆测定丙二醛、谷胱甘肽、总蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性。
3.5 小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的测定
粪便样本冻干后,称重,加入无菌的饱和NaCl溶液,静置30 min后置于冰上匀浆;加入10%的硫酸(v/v),待冷却后振荡;加入正己烷溶液,振荡,静置,提取短链脂肪酸。在4℃,12000×g离心15 min,将上清液转入气相进样瓶,用短链脂肪酸的标准品计算样本中短链脂肪酸含量。通过气相色谱仪测定短链脂肪酸的浓度,使用Agilent HP-INNOWAX气相色谱柱(30×0.320 mm×0.5 μm)分离样本。
实验中使用的短链脂肪酸的标准品为:乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸。
3.6 DNA提取和鸟枪法宏基因组测序
使用QIAamp DNA粪便迷你试剂盒从粪便中提取宏基因组DNA。通过0.8%(w/v)琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估提取DNA的纯度和完整性,并通过NanoDrop 2000在OD 260/280下测定浓度。霰弹枪宏基因组测序采用Illumina HiSeq 6000测序平台进行。从文库中制备了长度约为300 bp的DNA片段,使用镰刀软件对这些读数进行了修剪,然后去除了宿主DNA片段。
3.7 统计分析
所有统计分析均采用R(版本3.6.1)软件进行。数据以均数±标准误差(SEM)表示。用Wilcoxon秩和检验对属和种的差异丰度进行鉴定,根据p值阈值为0.05 (*p < 0.05,**p< 0.01)认为差异显著。使用“ggplot2”包生成柱状图。
四、结果
4.1 Lf312对铅的耐受性和吸附能力
具有高铅耐受性的细菌菌株能够在宿主肠道中稳定定居和生长,并且当其在肠道中遇到铅时发挥作用。其铅吸附性能也决定了该菌株是否能在宿主肠道吸收铅离子之前抢先结合并清除体内的铅。如图1所示,铅对Lf312d 最低抑制浓度至少为5 g 铅离子/L,而在150 mg 铅离子/L时吸附量达到27.8%。
场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜观察结果显示,铅处理后出现细菌聚集。此外,还破坏了部分细菌的结构,在细菌表面观察到一些颗粒,能谱扫描出现铅峰(图2A、E)。相比之下,未接触铅的细菌结构完整且分布均匀,在能谱扫描中未发现铅的波峰(图2B和F)。在透射电镜中,铅处理后的细菌周围及内部均有暗沉淀。在对照组中未观察到这种现象(图2C和D)。
4.2 Lf312减轻了慢性铅暴露引起的小鼠行为异常和脑损伤
在大理石掩埋实验中,铅暴露组小鼠掩埋的大理石数量显著增加,而Pro组与Con组间差异无统计学意义(图3A)。类似地,在强迫游泳试验中,Pb组的小鼠表现出较高的不动倾向。相反,Pro组的不动性降低,表明慢性铅暴露小鼠的焦虑样和抑郁样行为增加,而Lf312减轻了焦虑和抑郁(图3B)。
随着Pb暴露时间的延长,Pb组、Pro组粪便铅含量迅速升高,且显著高于Con组。从第2周开始,Pro组的粪便铅含量高于Pb组,直至第5周差异均有统计学意义。第8周时,Pro组的粪便铅含量与Pb组有明显差异,而Pb组的粪便铅含量在第2周后无明显变化(图3C)。第8周时,脑铅含量有相反的趋势。Pb组铅含量显著高于Pro组(图3D),说明Lf312能显著促进粪便中铅离子的排泄,减少铅在脑组织中的蓄积。
4.3 Lf312减轻了慢性铅暴露引起脑损伤
慢性暴露过程中的铅累积可导致氧化性脑损伤。与对照组比较,Pb组小鼠脑组织丙二醛含量明显升高(图3E),谷胱甘肽含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性明显降低(图3F、G)。Pro组小鼠脑组织氧化损伤明显改善,丙二醛、谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶水平与Con组相近。
海马CA3区Pb组胶质纤维酸性蛋白和离子钙接头蛋白-1荧光强度高于Con和Pro组(图4A)。阳性面积比的量化支持了这一结论(图4B)。相比之下,Pro组和对照组小鼠海马区的荧光强度保持了相对类似的高强度和低强度趋势。因此,Pb组小鼠脑内的炎性反应高于Con和Pro组。紧密连接蛋白-1表达出现了相反的结果,与Pb组相比,Con和Pro组的纹状体尾壳核位点中该表达保持在显著更高的水平,这意味着Lf312的干预后血脑屏障得到了增强(图4A和B)。
4.4 Lf312调控了宿主肠道代谢产物的改变
铅暴露导致短链脂肪酸(丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸)的粪便水平显著降低,而Pro组和Con组之间没有显著差异(图5)。值得注意的是,Pro组的乙酸含量显著高于其他两组。此外,Pro组的乙酸、异丁酸、丁酸含量也明显高于Pb组。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为更清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方法予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (3)
1.发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)HNU312,其特征在于,已于2022年9月16日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62803,保藏地址:中国广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,分类学命名:Limosilactobacillus fermentum。
2.减轻铅脑毒性的药品,包括权利要求1所述的发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312。
3.权利要求1所述的发酵粘液乳杆菌HNU312在制备减轻铅脑毒性的药品中的应用。
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发酵乳杆菌HNU312通过多重策略减缓慢性铅暴露引起的早期大脑发育过程中的氧化损伤和行为异常;张增等;《第十七届益生菌与健康国际研讨会摘要集》;20220810;全文 * |
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