CN109043224A - 一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂 - Google Patents
一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及水产品重金属净化领域,公开了一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,按重量百分比计,包括磷酸二氢钾3‑5%,磷酸氢二钠20‑25%,维生素C 5‑10%,蛋氨酸5‑10%,赖氨酸5‑10%,纳米碳酸钙20‑30%,柠檬酸镁20‑30%。本发明的净化剂在食用贝类养殖过程中就能减少食贝类体内镉的富集,无需养殖完成后再进行换水区暂养。同时,本发明的净化剂的配比简单,操作简便,制作成本低,对食用贝类无副作用,能够有效降低食用贝类体内镉的富集,使用该净化剂20天后,可以使食用贝类体内镉含量减少27.86%~57.94%,确保消费者的食用安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产品重金属净化领域,尤其涉及了一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂。
背景技术
食用贝类是重要的水产养殖品种,因其具有营养丰富、口味上乘的特点,深受消费者的青睐。但是由于食用贝类大多营滤食性生活且移动性差,因此在养殖过程中容易富集例如重金属镉等有毒有害物质。由于重金属镉具有很强的脂溶性,因此一旦在养殖过程中富集于贝类体内,很难通过贝类自身的生理代谢排出体外。食用镉超标的食物会导致人体肾脏、肝脏及骨骼等脏器的严重损伤,因此,镉在食用贝类中的富集对食品安全构成了潜在的威胁。
目前,对于食用贝类体内富集的重金属镉主要通过养成后换水区暂养以及养成后添加重金属去除剂的方法进行净化处理。例如,专利CN201410382413.0是通过将成品贝类换水区暂养并投放微藻和益生菌等水质微生态制剂,净化3-4个月以达到净化贝类体内有毒有害物质的目的。再如专利CN105028283.A是通过将养殖完成的食用贝类换水区暂养,并添加卡拉胶寡糖制成的重金属脱除剂,从而减少其体内的重金属含量。
但上述方法中采用的微藻、益生菌、卡拉胶寡糖不仅制作工序复杂,而且价格较高,增加了贝类的养殖成本。此外,上述方法均需要在贝类养成后,换水区长时间暂养,不仅耗时费力且效率不高,往往给贝类养殖户造成额外的负担,在实际养殖中难以实施。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中食用贝类体内镉的净化时间长,成本高且均要在食用贝类养成后才进行净化等缺点,提供了一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明通过下述技术方案得以解决:
一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,按重量百分比计,包括以下组份:
其中,磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钠能够控制水体的pH值,抑制水中细菌的过度生长。维生素C有助于增强食用贝类生理代谢功能,提高免疫力从而抵抗重金属富集;此外,维生素C能够将体内氧化型谷胱甘肽转变为还原型,还原型谷胱甘肽特有的巯基基团可以结合镉离子,促进镉离子外排。蛋氨酸和赖氨酸不仅能够增强食用贝类免疫力,还能增加食用贝类消化道功能,抵抗重金属中毒。纳米碳酸钙由于其纳米级粒径,能够直接进入食用贝类体内,能够激活镉离子外排的分子通路,减少镉离子在食用贝类体内的富集。此外,柠檬酸镁作为一种有机镁,较无机镁具有更好的生物亲和性,可以使食用贝类体内更好地启动相清除镉离子的分子通路,促进镉离子外排。
作为优选,磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、维生素C、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、纳米碳酸钙和柠檬酸镁的总质量与水体体积按1-1.5g/m3进行配比,磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、维生素C、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、纳米碳酸钙和柠檬酸镁对食用贝类的净化时间不少于20天。
作为优选,水体为天然海水。
作为优选,食用贝类为泥蚶和文蛤。
本发明由于采用了以上技术方案,具有显著的技术效果:本发明的净化剂在食用贝类养殖过程中就能减少食贝类体内镉的富集,无需养殖完成后再进行换水区暂养。同时,本发明的净化剂的配比简单,操作简便,制作成本低,对食用贝类无副作用,能够有效降低食用贝类体内镉的富集,使用该净化剂20天后,可以使食用贝类体内镉含量减少27.86%~57.94%,确保消费者的食用安全。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
对比例1
取100只泥蚶使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,实验持续20天,实验结束后,随机取出10只泥蚶,按照国标GB 5009.15-2014的方法,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,使用原子吸收分光光度计测定泥蚶体内的镉含量。
对比例2
取100只泥蚶使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,在天然海水中加入终浓度30μg/L的镉离子(氯化镉),实验持续20天,实验结束后,随机取出10只泥蚶,按照国标GB5009.15-2014的方法,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,使用原子吸收分光光度计测定泥蚶体内的镉含量。
实施例1
镉污染水体泥蚶的养殖净化:
一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,按重量百分比计,包括以下组份:
取100只泥蚶使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,在天然海水中加入终浓度30μg/L的镉离子(氯化镉),并加入终浓度为1000μg/L的本实施例的净化剂。实验持续20天,实验结束后,随机取出10只泥蚶,按照国标GB5009.15-2014的方法,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,使用原子吸收分光光度计测定泥蚶体内的镉离子含量,测定结果如表1所示:
表1实施例1和对比例1-2的泥蚶体内镉离子含量(干重)
处理 | 镉离子含量(mg/kg) |
对比例1 | 16.68±1.51 |
对比例2 | 77.21±5.90 |
实施例1 | 32.47±2.26 |
天然海水即使没有受到严重的镉离子污染,也会存在镉离子,天然海水中镉离子的浓度即为镉离子的“本底值”。由表1可知,在不受污染的情况下泥蚶体内的镉离子的本底值为16.68±1.51mg/kg,与对比例2相比,本实施例添加的净化剂能够使泥蚶体内镉离子含量下降57.94%,因此,在养殖过程中添加本实施例的净化剂能够有效降低镉在泥蚶体内的富集。
对比例3
取100只文蛤使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,实验持续20天,每天投喂一次扁藻。在实验的第20天时随机取出10只文蛤,测定其体内镉离子浓度,文蛤体内镉离子方法参考国标GB 5009.15-2014操作。取文蛤所有软组织冻存于-80℃,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,原子吸收分光光度计上机检测文蛤所有软组织中镉离子含量。
对比例4
取100只文蛤使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,并加入30μg/L的镉离子(氯化镉),实验持续20天,每天投喂一次扁藻。在实验的第20天时随机取出10只文蛤,测定其体内镉离子浓度,文蛤体内镉离子方法参考国标GB5009.15-2014操作。取文蛤所有软组织冻存于-80℃,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,原子吸收分光光度计上机检测文蛤所有软组织中镉离子含量。
实施例2
受镉污染文蛤的模拟养殖净化:
一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,按重量百分比计,包括以下组份:
取100只文蛤使用天然海水(取自温州乐清湾)养殖,并加入30μg/L的镉离子(氯化镉)和1000μg/L的净化剂。实验持续20天,每天投喂一次扁藻。在实验的第20天时随机取出10只文蛤,测定其体内镉离子浓度,文蛤体内镉离子方法参考国标GB 5009.15-2014操作。取文蛤所有软组织冻存于-80℃,使用冷冻干燥机脱水并微波消解定容后,原子吸收分光光度计上机检测文蛤所有软组织中镉离子含量,其结果如表2所示:
表2实施例2和对比例3-4的文蛤体内镉离子含量(干重)
处理 | 镉离子含量(mg/kg) |
对比例3 | 4.44±0.34 |
对比例4 | 23.73±2.08 |
实施例2 | 17.12±1.37 |
由表2可知,在不受污染的情况下文蛤体内的镉离子的本底值为4.44±0.34mg/kg,与对比例4相比,本实例中添加的净化剂能够使文蛤体内镉离子含量下降27.86%,因此,在养殖过程中添加本实施例的净化剂能够有效降低文蛤体内镉的富集。
总之,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明专利的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,包括以下组份:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,其特征在于:磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、维生素C、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、纳米碳酸钙和柠檬酸镁的总质量与水体体积按1-1.5g/m3进行配比,磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、维生素C、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、纳米碳酸钙和柠檬酸镁对食用贝类的净化时间不少于20天。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,其特征在于:水体为天然海水。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种减少食用贝类体内镉富集的净化剂,其特征在于:食用贝类为泥蚶和文蛤。
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