CN116114634A - Oversized half free pearl and cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Oversized half free pearl and cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
- A01K61/57—Pearl seeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oversized half free pearl and a cultivation method thereof. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a half-square bead core with the diameter of 18-30 mm; selecting a pearl culturing parent body with a corresponding size of a pearl planting position according to the diameter and weight of the pearl nuclei and selecting different pearl planting and culturing modes; when the selected pearl nuclei are light pearl nuclei with small specific gravity, the first operation of planting and culturing the pearl or the second operation of planting and culturing the pearl can be adopted; when the selected pearl nuclei are heavy pearl nuclei with high material density, two operations are needed to plant the pearl nuclei for culturing the pearl; the two-time operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is as follows: firstly, culturing pearl sacs, then implanting pearl nuclei into the pearl sacs for culturing the pearl sacs, and culturing the oversized half free pearl which is wrapped by a nacre coating in an omnibearing manner and has the diameter of 20-32 mm. The free pearl produced by the invention is four-sided light, uniform in pearl layer, unique in natural product, high in color value, free of primary processing, free of edge covering when being manufactured into ornaments, and wide in application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pearl production and cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of extra-large free half-edge pearls.
Background
The cultured pearls in the world are mainly divided into two kinds of non-nucleated pearls and nucleated pearls. There are two kinds of nucleated pearls: one is to implant pearl nuclei into the soft part of pearl cultivating shell to make the implanted pearl nuclei be wrapped by pearl layers to form a complete pearl with all-around pearl bodies, which belongs to free pearl; the other is to use mould core to attach on pearl layer in shell for cultivation, and harvest after plating pearl layer with a certain thickness, belonging to shell-attached pearl.
In the prior art, the free pearl cultivated by the method mostly adopts shells as pearl nuclei to cultivate round or oval pearls, and in the pearl field, the free pearl with the diameter exceeding 10mm belongs to a large free pearl, and if the diameter can reach 20mm, the free pearl belongs to an oversized free pearl. However, the diameter of the free pearl cultivated is less than 18mm, and no successful case of cultivating the free pearl with the diameter exceeding 20mm has been found so far, mainly because the nucleus space and bearing capacity (bearing capacity) of the soft part (also called connective tissue) of the cultivated pearl shell are limited, if the shell nucleus with the diameter greater than 18mm is planted in the soft part in the first operation of implanting the nucleus, the specific gravity of the shell is about 2.7-3g/cm, and the adverse phenomena of displacement, membrane rupture and pit removal, incapability of fully wrapping the pearl nucleus by the pearl body, increase of death rate of the operation shell and the like are easily caused. In the second type of cultivation, the core space inside the shell is large, so that the large-sized pearl with the diameter of more than 15mm, sometimes more than 30mm, can be cultivated without wound to the soft part. The shell-attached pearl is characterized in that a mould implanting core is arranged between the mantle of the freshwater mussel and the shell pearl layer, but not in connective tissues (also called soft tissues and shellfish meat), the bottom of the pearl core is attached to the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell, only one surface of the upper part of the pearl core is secreted by the cell layer on the outer side of the mantle, and the bottom of the pearl core is not provided with the pearl, so the pearl is also called as half shell-attached pearl, and the pearl is called as half pearl in the industry. Traditional half beads also need to be subjected to primary processing after being cultured: cutting off the shell, removing the mould core, bleaching, coating pearl paste on the inner surface, filling with gem glue, attaching the back wall of the shell, and polishing, so that the method is also called: split beads, ma Beizhu, ma Bei pearls (as shown in fig. 1, a is a gem gum, b is a nacre coating, c is a shell back wall).
The half bead is large in size and unique in shape, is convenient to combine with other metals for design, and is deeply favored by consumers. However, the existing half beads are cultivated by shell-attached cultivation, and have the following defects: 1. complicated preliminary processing procedures are required; 2. the pearl layer is uneven, the upper part is thin and the lower part is thick, the thickness of the pearl with the diameter exceeding 18mm is cultivated, the thickness can not be increased in proportion, and the thickness can only be reduced, so that the produced pearl can not reach a normal semicircle or a nearly semicircle, and the two pearls can not be combined to create a high-end luxury jewelry article; 3. the bead core is filled with glue, the color value is not high, and the health care effect on human bodies is not achieved; 4. when the spliced structure is used for manufacturing ornaments, metal edges are used for preventing layering and falling off. So the split type half bead can not meet the requirements of wide consumers. Later, the applicant applied for a method for cultivating shaped pearl with attached shell and shaped pearl nucleus used by the method (patent number: ZL 03140187.2), and planted the nucleus on the shell pearl layer under the mantle by using the shaping mould nucleus to cultivate the pearl with attached shell without removing the nucleus and filling the colloid, thereby greatly improving the economic benefit of the pearl culture connotation. However, the pearl with the shell shape has only the nacre on one surface of the upper part, but the bottom has no nacre, and the bottom is required to be subjected to black edge removal and polishing treatment, so that the economic value can not reach the jewelry grade to a high point.
With the improvement of the living matter level of people, the prior bead core has no half bead of nacre at the bottom, and the requirements of consumers pursuing high-end jewelry articles are more and more difficult to meet. How to cultivate the ultra-large half free beads with the size exceeding 18mm of the omnibearing package nacre has become the technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention develops and produces the extra-large half free pearl which is formed by wrapping pearl nuclei in an omnibearing way by pearl bodies and has the diameter of 20-32mm, does not need to be subjected to preliminary processing such as core removal, glue filling and the like, can be used for manufacturing ornaments without edge wrapping, and can be widely applied to manufacturing high-end luxury jewelry ornaments. In particular, the invention can cultivate the very large semicircular free pearl (also called as half-wall large ball) with a normal semicircular shape or a nearly semicircular shape which is not existed in the world sea and fresh water pearl cultivation production. The half-wall large ball produced by the invention is a complete right semicircular or nearly semicircular large free pearl, is four-sided light, has uniform bead layer, and has unique natural product and high color value. The invention can also select the amber wax crushed aggregates to recombine, jade the shell or the precious jade with health care function to make special pearl nucleus, thereby further cultivating the loving pearl which reaches the wish of high-end consumers.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the extra-large half free pearl is characterized in that: the pearl consists of a half-square pearl nucleus and a nacre layer which is wrapped around the half-square pearl nucleus in an omnibearing way, wherein the diameter of the half-square pearl nucleus is 18-30mm, and the thickness value is 3-15mm. Preferably 8-15mm. The specific shape of the half-square bead core can be determined according to the needs, for example, the half-square bead core, the half-drop bead core or the half-star bead core can be used, and the half-square bead core is preferably a regular semicircular bead core or a nearly semicircular bead core.
The invention relates to a method for culturing extra-large half free pearls, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a half-square bead core with the diameter of 18-30 mm; freshwater mussels or marine shellfish which are cultured for about two years are used as pearl oyster bodies; making cell sheets by using the same class of one-year mussels or shellfish; selecting a pearl culturing parent body with a corresponding size of a pearl nucleus planting position according to the diameter of the pearl nucleus, and selecting different pearl culturing modes according to the weight condition of the pearl nucleus material; when the selected pearl nuclei are light pearl nuclei with small specific gravity, and soft tissues of the pearl culture parent can bear the weight of the pearl nuclei, the pearl culture can be carried out by primary operation or secondary operation; when the selected pearl nuclei are heavy pearl nuclei with high specific gravity and not more than 5.5g/cm, two operations are needed to plant and cultivate the pearl; the primary operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is to implant cell sheets and pearl nuclei into soft tissues of a pearl culturing matrix; the two-time operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is as follows: the first operation is to implant mould core and cell sheet into soft tissue of pearl mother body, then to transfer into water area to culture pearl bag, the diameter of mould core is smaller than or equal to pearl core and specific gravity is smaller than pearl core, when pearl bag in pearl mother body is completely formed and secreted into nacre, the second operation is timely performed, the mould core is taken out, and then the pearl core is implanted into pearl bag;
and (3) putting the pearl-cultivating mother-of-pearl after the nucleus planting into a water domain for cultivating the pearl-cultivating, and cultivating the oversized half free pearl which is wrapped by the pearl nucleus in an omnibearing manner and has the diameter of more than 18 mm.
The thickness of the mold core is generally thinner than the thickness of the heavy bead core.
Preferably, the pearl culturing parent is pearl culturing parent (pearl culturing clam) which is 1.5-2.5 years old and has not been planted with nuclei, and then the pearl culturing parent is pearl culturing parent (pearl culturing clam); a preferred shellfish (mussel) is Miao Bei (mussel) 1-1.5 years old.
Preferably, the half-square pearl nucleus is a regular semicircular pearl nucleus or a nearly semicircular pearl nucleus, and the cultivated oversized half-square free pearl is an oversized semicircular free pearl, which is also called a half-wall large round pearl.
Because the specific gravity of the common shell is 2.7g/cm. The invention decides the material specific gravity smaller than 2.7 as the light bead core. The preferred specific gravity of the nugget is less than 1.5g/cm. The specific gravity of the material is 2.7-5.5g/cm, and is defined as heavy bead core, preferably 2.7-5.0g/cm. The mold core is generally made of a light material (such as amber wax) with a specific gravity of less than 1.5 or a nontoxic composite material. The nontoxic composite material can be prepared from two or more of plastics, resin, cellulose and nacreous layer powder.
In the two-time operation nucleus-planting pearl cultivation, the time for transferring the pearl sac into the water area for cultivating the pearl sac after the first operation of the pearl cultivating mother is 2-4 months (preferably about 3 months), and when the pearl sac in the pearl cultivating mother is observed to be completely formed and begins to secrete pearl when a new shell edge of the pearl cultivating mother is observed to grow, the second operation nucleus-planting is started. When the mould core is taken out during the nucleus implantation operation, when the secretion of individual nacres is uneven and has poor quality, the pearl bag is abandoned and the pearl core is not implanted any more so as to prevent the poor quality pearl from being cultivated.
The most important creation point of the invention is that when the pearl nucleus particles are large and the specific gravity is heavy, the pearl sac is firstly cultivated to lighten the burden of soft tissues in the pearl cultivating mother, thereby achieving the purpose of success and avoiding the adverse phenomena of displacement, membrane rupture and denucleation, death of the pearl cultivating mother, low quality pearl rate and the like after the implantation of the pearl nucleus. In addition, when the pearl sac is cultivated in advance, only a shorter period of time is needed, and when the pearl sac forms secreted nacres, the nucleus implantation is performed for the second time immediately, so that the 'oversized half free pearl' with high quality ratio can be cultivated in a planned way. This is because if the pearl sacs are cultivated for too long, two adverse results occur: firstly, the pearl mass carried away by the surface of the mould core is more, the waste is serious, and the quantity and quality of the pearl mass secreted to the implanted pearl core are also affected; 2. for the pearl culturing parent, the pearl culturing parent needs to be selected for about two years because of large pearl nuclei, if the pearl culturing parent is used as the first mould nucleus for more than one year to culture, the aim of the invention is difficult to achieve when the second implanted heavy pearl nuclei are cultured by recycling the pearl culturing parent after the first mature pearls are harvested. As the mother body and the pearl sac of the pearl are old, the function of secreting the nacre is reduced, the cultured pearls are formed irregularly, so that the baroque which is a commercial noun is not suitable for culturing extra-large half free pearls and is not suitable for culturing extra-large half round pearls.
The invention adopts one operation to implant the cell slice and the pearl nucleus into the soft tissue of the pearl culturing parent body, and the operation method comprises the following steps: placing the pearl cultivating mother on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the pearl cultivating mother by using an opening clamp; the surgical knife is held by hand, the front end of the nucleus implantation position of the soft tissue is cut, the size of the cut is determined by the size of the implanted pearl nucleus, and the pearl nucleus can be implanted conveniently; taking the camera with one hand and clamping the pearl nucleus with the nucleus feeder with the other hand, lifting the wound with the camera, feeding the pearl nucleus from the wound to the nucleus position with the nucleus feeder to ensure that soft tissue can fully enclose the pearl nucleus, and then feeding the cell sheet into the wound with the sheet feeding needle, so that one surface of the cell layer at the outer side is tightly attached to the pearl nucleus.
The operation method for planting the nuclear and pearl by adopting twice operations comprises the following steps: first surgical operation: placing the pearl cultivating mother on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the pearl cultivating mother by using an opening clamp; the surgical knife is held, a wound is formed at the front end of the core position, the size of the wound is determined by the size of the implanted die core, and the die core can be implanted conveniently; taking a camera with one hand, clamping the mold core with a core feeder with the other hand, lifting the wound with the camera, feeding the mold core from the wound to the core position with the core feeder, then feeding the prepared cell slices into the wound by replacing a slice feeding needle, tightly attaching one surface of an outer cell layer to the mold core, finally holding an open clamp with the other hand to open a shell opening, taking a plug with the other hand, taking the open clamp off, temporarily culturing the surgical mussel in clear water, and then transferring the surgical mussel into a water area to culture pearl bags; second surgical operation: when the first operated pearl shell shows that a new shell edge grows, placing the pearl shell on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug for the operation clam by using an opening clamp; holding the scalpel, and cutting the first cut at the front end of the die core, wherein the size of the cut is suitable for taking out the die core; taking the shot with one hand and taking the pearl picking device with one hand to take out the mold core, and then implanting the prepared pearl core into the pearl sac.
The light bead core is made of amber wax, plastic or other nontoxic materials with the specific gravity of 2.7g/cm. Preferably, the light bead cores are made of organoprecious stone amber beeswax having a light specific gravity. The light bead core can be formed by selecting a whole amber wax and processing the whole amber wax through cutting, chamfering, rounding and the like; in order to fully utilize the crushed amber wax and effectively reduce the cost, the light pearl nucleus is a second-generation amber wax pearl nucleus which is formed by recombining the crushed amber wax with the organoprecious stone. The processing method of the second-generation amber beeswax pearl nucleus comprises the following steps: the crushed amber wax is used to remove impurities by gravity floatation, and the clean crushed material is put into melting equipment (equipment with high temperature of 200-300 ℃ and high pressure of 400 Pa atmospheric pressure) to thoroughly melt the crushed amber wax. Then injecting into a semi-wall circular mold with the diameter specification of 18-30mm for condensation molding, and finishing and polishing to obtain the required bead core for standby. The pearl nuclei manufactured by utilizing the crushed organic gem amber beeswax with light specific gravity can be applied to the technology of once planting and culturing the pearl and can also be applied to the technology of planting and culturing the pearl for the second time. The utilization of the crushed amber wax provides development space for cultivating high-value large pearls by the technology.
The heavy bead core is a bead core which can be made of high-quality shell and precious jade. Preferred are a good quality shell and a jade shell (also called a jade giant clam). The specific gravity of the jade shell is more than 2.7g/cm and reaches 3g/cm, and the specific gravity of the jade reaches 5g/cm.
The processing method of the heavy bead core comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a bead core with the diameter of 18-30mm by using high-quality shells or jade shells or precious stones, cutting the bead core into square particles with the width of 2-3mm during cutting, chamfering, rounding and polishing the square particles to obtain a required round bead core, cutting the round bead core from the center by using a thin sheet cutting turbine with the diameter of 0.3-1.0mm to form two nearly semicircular bead cores, and trimming and adopting a cowboy wheel to fall peak to facilitate the corner to obtain the required bead core.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention changes the structure of the half bead and the method for culturing the bead, changes the half bead without nacre at the bottom of the pearl nucleus with large existing size into the oversized half pearl with the pearl nucleus wrapped in all directions by the nacre, and particularly cultures the oversized semicircular free pearl. The existing method for cultivating half bead by shell-attached nuclear-culturing is changed into a method for culturing nuclear-culturing beads in soft parts (also called soft tissues and shellfish meat, preferably in mantle). And the conventional small round or oval pearl nucleus of the existing soft part inner implantation nucleus is changed into a large right semicircular or semi-circular half-side pearl nucleus. The normal semicircular or nearly semicircular bead core solves the effect problem of bead culturing, and the free semicircular bead is obviously superior to the shell-attached half bead when being singly used. The two half-wall large beads are fused, so that the gap that the specification of the large beads exceeds 20mm is filled, and the luxury and fashion atmosphere of the half-wall large bead works are revealed.
2. According to the size and weight of pearl nuclei, the pearl nuclei are implanted into soft tissues of different pearl-culturing parents, and the pearl nuclei are implanted into soft tissues for one-time operation or two-time operation of pearl sac cultivation, so that the oversized half free pearl which is wrapped by pearl nuclei in an omnibearing manner and has a diameter of more than 18mm is cultivated. Especially, the production of extra-large semicircular free pearls exceeding 20mm is started, the semi-wall large beads are in semicircular natural forms, and the method is widely applied to creation and design, overcomes the defect of small individual free beads in the prior art, and achieves luxury jewelry with diversified artworks. The extra-large semicircular free pearls perfectly provide beautiful and healthy luxury jewelry for rich and noble men, and achieve a high-grade experience of health maintenance.
3. The flat bottom pearl surface of the ultra-large half free pearl has wide contact surface with human skin when being worn, so that the pearl is wear-resistant and durable, can be efficiently absorbed by a body, does not need to be subjected to primary processing or blackside removing polishing treatment like the existing half pearl, and is simpler to process. The large ball surface of the oversized semicircular free pearl has wide expansion area, and the short wave rays have the best physiotherapy effect on human bodies.
4. When the pearl nucleus is made of light material with small specific gravity, the diameter of the pearl nucleus is a little larger, if the strong pearl nucleus is selected for culturing for two years, the soft part of the pearl nucleus can bear the oversized pearl nucleus, so that the pearl nucleus and tissue cell sheet can be used for completing the operation of planting and culturing the pearl, and for the heavy pearl nucleus made of high-quality shell or jade shell or other precious jades, the specific gravity is above 2.7, the pearl nucleus is larger, the soft part of the pearl nucleus is difficult to bear during the one-time planting and culturing, the displacement, membrane breaking and denucleation of the pearl after the implantation are easy to cause, and the survival rate of the operation mussel and the high-quality pearl forming rate are low. The invention solves the problems that the pearl nucleus with large specific gravity can not be used for manufacturing the pearl nucleus and is not used for culturing the pearl in the existing free pearl culture, and more importantly, the invention cultures the perfect oversized high-end half free pearl. As the whole pearl sac is protected, the specific gravity of the pearl nuclei reaches 5g/cm and can bear the soft body, and the pearl layer is plated quickly once the pearl nuclei are implanted, thereby effectively solving a series of production technical problems.
5. In particular, the invention is to adopt precious raw materials such as organic precious stone amber beeswax, jade shell or precious jade which have health care effect on human body to manufacture special pearl nuclear culturing pearl, and the jewellery is blended with large health elements, so that consumers have the opportunity to select the lightest organic precious stone amber beeswax or precious stone health care material as the core, and the jewellery nuclear culturing pearl is carefully customized and created.
7. The technology aims at the production technology of 'oversized round beads' which cannot be broken through in industry, and a 'half-wall large round bead' is cultivated by adopting a 'half-round' method through experiments. The half-wall big ball has very wide application in artistic creation, manufacture and processing of the jewellery ornaments into diversified ornaments. According to the specification and the size, single-bead ornaments can be manufactured, precious metal embedded diamond stones can be utilized in the middle of double-bead combined walls to form super-large round beads, and ornaments such as high-end pendant ' road way ', 3 or 5 gold necklaces, men's bracelets and the like can be manufactured. According to the invention, the product is a shell half bead by virtue of the extra-large semicircular shape of the free bead; the pearl has a unique product prospect which is wider than that of common round pearls and is unprecedented in the market.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art half bead;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an oversized semicircular free pearl according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 2, the oversized half free pearl consists of a half-shaped pearl core 1 and a nacre coating 2 which is wrapped around the half-shaped pearl core 1 in an omnibearing manner. The diameter of the half-square bead core 1 is 18mm-30mm, and the thickness value is 3-15mm. The thickness value is preferably 8-15mm. The half-square shaped bead core 1 is preferably a right semicircular bead core or a nearly semicircular bead core. The nearly semicircular bead core means that the size is basically the same as that of the regular semicircle, but the thickness is positive and negative on the basis of the thickness of the regular semicircle, i.e. the thickness can be thicker or thinner than that of the regular semicircle. For example, the diameter of the right semicircular bead core is 20mm, and the thickness is 10mm. The diameter of the nearly semicircular bead core is 20mm, but the thickness may be 11mm or 9mm, or even less than 9mm.
The invention relates to a cultivation method of extra-large half free pearls, which comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a half-square bead core with the diameter of 18-30 mm; the diameter specification of the bead core is generally 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30mm; the diameters of the cultured pearls reach about 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 mm.
Freshwater mussels or marine shellfish which are cultured for about two years are used as pearl oyster bodies; making cell slices by using a year of mussels or shellfish;
selecting a pearl culturing parent body with a corresponding size of a pearl nucleus planting position according to the diameter of the pearl nucleus, and selecting different pearl culturing modes according to the weight condition of the pearl nucleus material; when the selected pearl nuclei are light pearl nuclei with small specific gravity, and soft tissues of the pearl culture parent can bear the weight of the pearl nuclei, the pearl culture can be carried out by primary operation or secondary operation; when the selected pearl nuclei are heavy pearl nuclei with high specific gravity and not more than 5.5g/cm, two operations are needed to plant and cultivate the pearl; the primary operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is to implant cell sheets and pearl nuclei into soft tissues of a pearl culturing matrix; the two-time operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is as follows: the first operation is to implant a mould core and a cell sheet in soft tissue of the pearl parent, wherein the diameter of the mould core is smaller than or equal to that of the pearl core and the specific gravity of the mould core is smaller than that of the pearl core, then the mould core is moved into a water area to culture pearl sacs, when the pearl sacs in the pearl parent are completely formed and secreted into the nacre, the second operation is performed in time, and the mould core is taken out and then the pearl core is implanted into the pearl sacs; and (3) putting the pearl-cultivating mother-of-pearl after the nucleus planting into a water domain, cultivating the pearl-cultivating, and cultivating the oversized half free pearl which is wrapped by the pearl nucleus in an omnibearing manner and has the diameter of 20-32 mm.
The half-square pearl nucleus is preferably a right semicircular pearl nucleus or a nearly semicircular pearl nucleus, and the cultivated oversized half-square free pearl is an oversized semicircular free pearl. The specific gravity of the light bead core is less than 2.7g/cm, the specific gravity of the heavy bead core is 2.7-5.5g/cm, and the die core is made of a light material or a nontoxic composite material with the specific gravity below 1.5. The light pearl nucleus is preferably a second-generation amber wax pearl nucleus which is processed by adopting a amber wax monolith or is formed by adopting the hot melting recombination of amber wax crushed aggregates. The processing method of the second-generation amber beeswax pearl nucleus comprises the following steps: removing impurities by utilizing crushed amber wax by adopting a gravity floatation method, putting the clean crushed materials into melting equipment to thoroughly melt the crushed amber wax, then injecting the crushed materials into a semi-wall circular mold with the specification diameter of 18-30mm for condensation molding, and then trimming and polishing to obtain the second-generation amber wax bead cores. The heavy pearl nucleus is prepared from high-quality shells or jade shells or precious jade.
The time for culturing the pearl sacs in the water area after the first operation is 2-4 months, when the pearl sacs in the pearl cultivating body are completely formed and begin to secrete the nacre when the new shell edge of the pearl cultivating body is observed, the pearl nucleus is planted in the second operation.
The invention adopts one operation to implant the cell slice and the pearl nucleus into the soft tissue of the pearl culturing parent body, and the operation method comprises the following steps: placing the pearl cultivating mother on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the pearl cultivating mother by using an opening clamp; the surgical knife is held by hand, the front end of the nucleus implantation position of soft tissue (such as a mantle or a visceral sac) is wound, the size of the wound is determined by the size of the implanted pearl nucleus, and the pearl nucleus can be implanted conveniently; the pearl nuclei are clamped by the camera with one hand and the nucleus feeder with the other hand, the wound is lifted by the camera, the pearl nuclei are fed onto the nucleus position from the wound by the nucleus feeder, and then the cell sheets are fed into the wound by replacing the sheet feeding needle, so that one surface of the cell layer at the outer side is tightly attached to the pearl nuclei. The operation method of the secondary operation for planting the nuclear and culturing the beads comprises the following steps: first surgical operation: placing the pearl cultivating mother on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the pearl cultivating mother by using an opening clamp; the surgical knife is held, a wound is formed at the front end of the core position, the size of the wound is determined by the size of the implanted die core, and the die core can be implanted conveniently; taking a camera with one hand, clamping the mold core with a core feeder with the other hand, lifting the wound with the camera, feeding the mold core from the wound to the core position with the core feeder, then replacing a sheet feeding needle to feed the prepared cell sheet into the wound, tightly attaching one surface of the outer cell layer to the mold core, finally holding an opening clamp with the other hand to open the shell opening, taking out the plug with the other hand, and temporarily culturing the surgical mussel in clear water; second surgical operation: when the first operated pearl shell shows that a new shell edge grows, placing the pearl shell on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug for the operation clam by using an opening clamp; holding the scalpel, and cutting the first cut at the front end of the die core, wherein the size of the cut is suitable for taking out the die core; taking the shot with one hand and taking the pearl picking device with one hand to take out the mold core, and then implanting the prepared pearl core into the pearl sac.
The specific cultivation method of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples:
example one, one-time surgical Nuclear cultivation of oversized semicircular free beeswax pearls:
1. and preparing the pearl nuclei by taking the second-generation amber beeswax as a raw material:
the method comprises the steps of removing impurities by utilizing crushed amber wax by adopting a gravity flotation method, and putting clean crushed amber wax into equipment with high temperature of 200-300 ℃ and high pressure of 400 Pa atmospheric pressure to thoroughly melt the crushed amber wax. Then injecting into semicircular moulds with diameters of 20mm, 22mm, 24mm and 28mm respectively for condensation molding, and trimming and polishing to obtain second-generation amber wax half-round bead cores with diameters of 20mm, 22mm, 24mm and 28mm for standby.
2. All preparation works are done according to the operating room regulation requirement:
2 years old hyriopsis cumingii with net hanging and strong physique is selected as a pearl culturing parent; a preparation method of the tissue cell slice comprises selecting hyriopsis cumingii of 1-year, one color (silvery white, purple red, orange) required by the plan, and providing a preparation hyriopsis cumingii for preparing the tissue cell slice.
3. Surgical operation:
placing the pearl shell (also called as operation mussel) on an operation table, and opening a shell opening and a plug on the pearl shell by using an opening clamp; the size of the dispensing pearl nuclei is determined by taking a surgical knife and looking at the size of the implanting position of the quasi-outer-sleeved film, for example, the size of the pearl nuclei is selected to be 20mm according to the size of the nucleus, and the size of the wound at the front end of the nucleus is determined by the size of the implanted pearl nuclei, so that the pearl nuclei can be implanted; taking the camera with one hand and clamping the pearl nucleus with the kernel feeder with the other hand, lifting the wound with the camera, feeding the pearl nucleus onto the kernel position with the kernel feeder, and feeding the prepared cell sheet onto the wound with the sheet feeding needle to make one side of the outer cell layer closely adhered to the pearl nucleus. After one-side operation is completed, the pearl culturing mother-of-pearl can be put into the culture water for pearl culturing. Or turning the pearl culturing mother body to the other side, and implanting 2-4 pearl nuclei and cell sheets on two sides of each pearl culturing mother body. Finally, holding the open pliers with one hand to open the shell opening and taking out the plug with the other hand, finally, taking down the open pliers, and putting the pinctada martensii into clear water in a barrel for temporary culture. And then moving the culture medium to a culture water area for culture. Temporary culture is carried out by temporarily placing the surgical mussels in clear water in a barrel after the surgical mussels are operated, and then moving the surgical mussels to a culture water area for hanging culture after the surgical mussels are placed in the barrel (generally after the surgical mussels are approximately fully filled) so as to improve the working efficiency.
The pearl culturing period can be 2-2.5 years, the pearl culturing mother can be fished out, and the pearl can be taken out, so that the oversized semicircular free beeswax pearl with the pearl nucleus wrapped by the nacre coating in all directions can be obtained. The diameter of the pearl reaches 22mm.
Example two, two times of operation are planted to cultivate extra large semicircular free jade pearl:
1. the tridacna jade shell is selected as a raw material to manufacture a semicircular pearl nucleus,
1.1, manufacturing a round pearl nucleus according to the required size of 24mm by utilizing the existing jade shell in China, cutting into square grains by increasing the size of the round pearl nucleus by 2-3mm when cutting materials, and then performing chamfering, rounding and polishing processing procedures to manufacture the round pearl nucleus;
1.2, cutting the round pearl nucleus into two nearly semicircular pearl nuclei from the center by using a thin sheet cutting turbine with the diameter of 0.3-1.0mm and a fixed clamp, trimming, and chamfering by adopting a cowskin wheel to facilitate the corner turning to form the required pearl nuclei for later use. The processing method of other precious stones is also adopted.
2. All preparation works are done according to the requirements of operating room regulations
2 years old hyriopsis cumingii with net hanging and strong physique is selected as a pearl culturing parent; selecting hyriopsis cumingii of 1 year and one color (silvery white, purple red and orange) required by planning, and providing hyriopsis cumingii for producing tissue cells; three semicircular specification mold cores of 20mmX in diameter and 3mm in thickness, 22mmX in diameter and 4mm in thickness and 24mmX in diameter and 5mm in thickness were prepared.
3. First surgical operation
Placing the pearl mussel (also called as operation mussel) on an operation table, and opening a shell opening and a plug on the operation mussel by using an opening clamp; the size of the implantation position of the quasi-soft part is determined by holding a surgical knife, if the implantation position is larger, a die core made of a lighter composite material with the diameter of 24mm can be selected, a wound is formed at the front end of the die core by 4mm, the size of the wound is determined by the size of the implantation die core, and the die core can be implanted conveniently; the die core is clamped by the camera with one hand and the nuclear feeder with the other hand, the camera lifts the wound, the nuclear feeder feeds the die core from the wound to the nuclear position, and then the prepared cell slices are fed into the wound by replacing the slice feeding needle, so that one surface of the cell layer at the outer side is tightly attached to the die core. After one-side operation is completed, the pearl shell can be put into water to culture pearl sacs. Or the surgical clam body is made to be the other side, and 2-4 mould cores and cell sheets are implanted on two sides of each surgical clam body. Finally, holding the open clamp with one hand to open the shell opening and taking out the plug with the other hand, finally, taking down the open clamp, and putting the surgical mussel into clear water for temporary culture. Then the cultured pearl sacs are moved to a culture water area for about 3 months.
4. Operation of the second time
The surgical mussel after the first operation shows that a new shell edge grows, which indicates that a pearl sac is formed and the mould core is coated with the nacre, and then the second operation is started.
Placing the first surgical clam on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the surgical clam by using an opening clamp; holding the scalpel, and cutting at a first cut of 4mm at the front end of the die core, wherein the size of the cut is suitable for taking out the die core; taking the shot with one hand and taking the mould core with the bead collector with one hand, then implanting the prepared jade shell pearl core with the diameter of 24mm into the pearl sac, wherein the size and the diameter of the pearl core are consistent with those of the taken mould core. After one side operation is completed, the operation clam body is turned to the other side, and in principle, two pearl nuclei are implanted at two sides of each operation clam. Finally, holding the open clamp with one hand to open the shell opening, taking out the plug with one hand, finally taking down the open clamp, and putting the surgical mussel into clear water for temporary culture. When the mould core is taken out during the nucleus implantation operation, when the secretion of individual nacres is uneven and has poor quality, the pearl bag is abandoned and the pearl core is not implanted any more so as to prevent the poor quality pearl from being cultivated.
Then the pearl culturing mother-of-pearl is moved to a culture water area for culturing, the pearl culturing period is 2 years, and the pearl can be fished out, so that the oversized semicircular free jade pearl with the pearl nucleus wrapped by the pearl body in all directions is obtained, and the diameter of the pearl reaches 26mm.
Example three, two times of operation are planted and pearl is cultivated to an oversized semicircle free precious jade pearl:
1. manufacturing a sapphire pearl core with the diameter of 22mm and the thickness of 10mm according to the method of the second embodiment;
2. all preparation works are done according to the operating room regulation requirements;
2 years old hyriopsis cumingii with net hanging and strong physique is selected as a pearl culturing parent; the hyriopsis cumingii with 1-year-old hyriopsis cumingii with one color (silvery white, purple red and orange) required by the plan is selected to provide hyriopsis cumingii for producing tissue cells.
3. First surgical operation
Placing the pearl mussel (also called as operation mussel) on an operation table, and opening a shell opening and a plug on the operation mussel by using an opening clamp; the surgical knife is held by hand, the position of the implant core is checked to determine and deliver the die core with the diameter of 22mm, the size of the wound at the position of 4mm at the front end of the core position is determined by the size of the implant die core, and the die core can be implanted conveniently; the die core is clamped by the camera which is held by one hand and the core feeder which is held by the other hand, the die core is fed onto the core position from the wound by the camera which lifts the wound, and then the prepared cell sheets are fed into the wound by replacing the sheet feeding needle, so that one surface of the cell layer at the outer side is tightly attached to the die core. After one side operation is completed, the operation clam body is turned to the other side, and 2-4 die cores and cell sheets are implanted into two sides of each operation clam. Finally, holding the open clamp with one hand to open the shell opening and taking out the plug with the other hand, finally, taking down the open clamp, and putting the surgical mussel into clear water for temporary culture.
Then the cultured pearl sacs are moved to a culture water area for about 3 months.
4. Operation of the second time
The surgical mussel after the first operation shows that a new shell edge grows, which indicates that a pearl sac is formed and the mould core is coated with the nacre, and then the second operation is started.
Placing the first surgical clam on an operating table, and opening a shell opening and a plug of the surgical clam by using an opening clamp; taking the scalpel by hand, and cutting the scalpel at a first cut of 4mm at the front end of the die core, wherein the size of the cut is suitable for taking out the die core; taking the shot with one hand and taking the pearl picking device with one hand to take out the mold core, and then implanting the prepared precious jade pearl core into the pearl sac. After one side operation is completed, the operation clam body is made to be the other side, and in principle, two pearl nuclei are implanted at two sides of each operation clam. Finally, holding the open clamp with one hand to open the shell opening, taking the plug with the other hand, taking the open clamp down, and putting the surgical mussel into clear water for temporary culture.
Then the pearl culturing mother-of-pearl is moved to a culture water area for culturing, the pearl culturing period is half 2 years, and the pearl can be fished out and taken out, so that the extra-large semicircular free precious stone pearl with the pearl nucleus wrapped by the pearl body in all directions is obtained. The diameter of the pearl reaches 24mm.
Example four, two operations of planting and culturing pearl to culture oversized semicircle amber beeswax pearl:
1. a semicircular amber wax bead core with the diameter of 28mm is manufactured by the method of the first embodiment;
2. all preparation works are done according to the operating room regulation requirements;
2-2.5 years old, net-piece hanging culture, strong physique and big hyriopsis cumingii are selected as pearl oyster clam; selecting hyriopsis cumingii of 1 year and one color (silvery white, purple red and orange) required by planning, and providing hyriopsis cumingii for producing tissue cells;
2. first surgical operation
Placing the pearl mussel (also called as operation mussel) on an operation table, and opening a shell opening and a plug on the operation mussel by using an opening clamp; a surgical knife is held, a die core with the diameter of 28mmX and the thickness of 6mm is selected according to the size of the core position of the outer cover membrane, the size of a wound at the position of 4mm at the front end of the core position is determined by the size of the implanted die core, and the die core can be implanted as appropriate; the die core is clamped by the camera which is held by one hand and the core feeder which is held by the other hand, the wound is lifted by the camera, the core feeder feeds the die core from the wound to the core position, and then the prepared cell slices are fed into the wound by changing the slice feeding needle, so that one surface of the cell layer at the outer side is tightly attached to the die core. After one side operation is completed, the pearl bag can be placed in a water area for culturing, and the operation clam body can be made into the other side, and two mold cores and cell sheets are implanted into two sides of each operation clam body. Finally, holding the open clamp with one hand to open the shell opening, taking the plug with the other hand, taking the open clamp down, and putting the surgical mussel into clear water for temporary culture. Then the cultured pearl sacs are moved to a culture water area for about 3 months.
3. Operation of the second time
The surgical mussel after the first operation shows that a new shell edge grows, which indicates that a pearl sac is formed and the mould core is coated with the nacre, and then the second operation is started.
The procedure for the second surgical implantation was the same as that of the second surgical implantation of the above example, except that the pearl nuclei were replaced with semicircular amber wax pearl nuclei having a diameter of 28mm, and thus will not be described in detail herein.
The pearl culturing period of the second operation for nucleus planting is about 2 years, so that the oversized semicircular free beeswax pearl with the pearl nucleus wrapped by the pearl body in all directions is obtained. The diameter of the pearl reaches 30mm.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to limit the invention. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be envisioned by those skilled in the art with reference to the description of the invention, and such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An oversized half free pearl, characterized in that: consists of a half-square pearl nucleus (1) and a nacre layer (2) which is wrapped around the half-square pearl nucleus (1), wherein the diameter of the half-square pearl nucleus (1) is 18-30mm, and the thickness value is 3-15mm.
2. The method for culturing oversized free-half pearl according to claim 1, wherein: the half-square bead core (1) is a right semicircular bead core or a nearly semicircular bead core.
3. A method for culturing extra-large half free pearls is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a half-square bead core (1) with the diameter of 18-30mm and the thickness value of 3-15 mm;
freshwater mussels or marine shellfish which are cultured for about two years are used as pearl oyster bodies; making cell sheets by using the same class of one-year mussels or shellfish;
selecting a pearl culturing parent body with a corresponding size of a pearl nucleus planting position according to the diameter of the pearl nucleus, and selecting different pearl culturing modes according to the weight condition of the pearl nucleus material; when the selected pearl nuclei are light pearl nuclei with small specific gravity, and soft tissues of the pearl culturing parent body can bear the weight of the pearl nuclei, the pearl culturing can be carried out by primary operation or secondary operation; when the selected pearl nuclei are heavy pearl nuclei with high specific gravity but not more than 5.5g/cm, two operations are needed to plant and cultivate the pearl nuclei; the primary operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is to implant cell sheets and pearl nuclei into soft tissues of a pearl culturing matrix; the two-time operation of nuclear planting and pearl culturing is as follows: firstly, implanting a mould core and a cell sheet into soft tissues of a pearl culturing parent body, then, moving the mould core into a water area to culture pearl sacs, wherein the diameter of the mould core is smaller than or equal to that of the pearl core and the specific gravity of the mould core is smaller than that of the pearl core, performing a second operation in time when the pearl sacs in the pearl culturing parent body are observed to completely form and secrete pearl bodies, taking out the mould core, and implanting the pearl core (1) into the pearl sacs of the pearl culturing parent body to culture the pearl;
and (3) putting the pearl-cultivating mother-of-pearl after the nucleus planting into a water domain for cultivating the pearl-cultivating, and cultivating the oversized half free pearl which is wrapped by the pearl nucleus in an omnibearing manner and has the diameter of 20-32 mm.
4. A method of cultivating oversized free-half pearl according to claim 3, wherein: the half-square pearl nucleus (1) is a right semicircular pearl nucleus or a nearly semicircular pearl nucleus, and the cultivated oversized half-square free pearl is an oversized semicircular free pearl.
5. A method of cultivating oversized free-half pearl according to claim 3, wherein: the specific gravity of the light bead core is less than 2.7g/cm, the specific gravity of the heavy bead core is 2.7-5.5g/cm, and the die core is made of a light material or a nontoxic composite material with the specific gravity below 1.5.
6. A method of cultivating oversized free-half pearl according to claim 3, wherein: the time for culturing the pearl sacs in the water area after the first operation is 2-4 months, when the pearl sacs in the pearl cultivating body are completely formed and begin to secrete the nacre when the new shell edge of the pearl cultivating body is observed, the pearl nucleus is planted in the second operation.
7. A method of cultivating oversized free-half pearl according to claim 3, wherein: the light pearl nucleus is processed by adopting a amber wax monolith or a second-generation amber wax pearl nucleus formed by hot melting and recombining amber wax crushed aggregates.
8. The method for culturing oversized free-half pearl according to claim 7, wherein: the processing method of the second-generation amber beeswax pearl nucleus comprises the following steps: removing impurities by utilizing crushed amber wax by adopting a gravity floatation method, putting the clean crushed materials into melting equipment to thoroughly melt the crushed amber wax, then injecting the crushed materials into a semi-wall circular mold with the specification diameter of 18-30mm for condensation molding, and then trimming and polishing to obtain the second-generation amber wax bead cores.
9. A method of cultivating oversized free-half pearl according to claim 3, wherein: the heavy pearl nucleus is prepared from high-quality shells or jade shells or precious jade.
10. The method for culturing oversized free-half pearl according to claim 9, wherein: the processing method of the heavy bead core comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a bead core with the diameter of 18-30mm by using high-quality shells or jade shells or precious stones, cutting the bead core into square particles with the width of 2-3mm during cutting, chamfering, rounding and polishing the square particles to obtain a required round bead core, cutting the round bead core from the center by using a thin sheet cutting turbine with the diameter of 0.5-1.0mm to form two nearly semicircular bead cores, and trimming and adopting a cowboy wheel to fall peak to facilitate the corner to obtain the required bead core.
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