CN116113773A - 用于车辆的驱动单元 - Google Patents
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- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
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- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
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- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
- H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的驱动单元(10),其包括带有转子轴(14)的电机(12)和带有传动轴(18)的传动机构(16),其中,传动轴(18)借助于第一滚动轴承(20)可转动地支承在第一壳体区段(22)中,并且转子轴(14)借助于第二滚动轴承(24)可转动地支承在第二壳体区段(26)中。提出了,传动轴(18)和转子轴(14)抗转动地彼此联接,其中,在传动轴(18)与转子轴(14)之间的过渡部处布置有第三滚动轴承(28),该第三滚动轴承具有轴承内圈(30),其中,轴承内圈(30)以其内表面(32)抵靠在转子轴(14)处和传动轴(18)处。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于车辆的驱动单元。
背景技术
由DE 10 2016 206 479 A1已知一种用于车辆的驱动单元。该驱动单元具有带有转子轴的电机以及带有传动机构输入轴的传动设备,该传动机构输入轴被双重支承并且具有集成式的小齿轮,其中,转子轴和传动机构输入轴彼此插接。在使用装配芯轴并且首先将传动设备装配到传动机构壳体中的装配中,必须遵循准确的装配顺序。
发明内容
本发明所基于的问题通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的用于车辆的驱动单元来解决。本发明有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中列出。
根据本发明提出了一种用于车辆的驱动单元,该驱动单元具有带有转子轴的电机以及带有(与转子轴分开的)传动轴的传动机构。传动轴借助于第一滚动轴承可转动地支承在第一壳体区段中,并且转子轴借助于第二滚动轴承可转动地支承在第二壳体区段中。
传动轴和转子轴抗转动地彼此联接,其中,在传动轴与转子轴之间的(轴向的)过渡部处布置有第三滚动轴承,该第三滚动轴承具有轴承内圈,其中,该轴承内圈以其内表面抵靠在转子轴处和传动轴处。
因此,传动轴和转子轴(沿轴向部分区段地)接纳在第三轴承的内圈中,并且第三滚动轴承的内圈沿径向方向支撑着传动轴和转子轴。因此,能够直接在第三滚动轴承中在轴承内圈的内表面处实现对两个轴的对中。
由此能够独立地装配电机和传动机构。这允许驱动单元的装配顺序中的更高的灵活性,因为能够选择性地进行电机的构造再接下来装配传动机构或者进行传动机构的构造再接下来装配电机。通过传动轴和转子轴在轴承内圈中的对中,能够省去用于相对于彼此导引这两个轴的附加的对中元件(例如对中面)。此外,通过由第三滚动轴承来对导引这些轴能够实现比借助于传动轴来导引转子轴更高的运行精度(更小的同轴公差)。
轴承内圈的内表面能够是具有(沿轴向)连续地保持不变的内直径的内表面或者是具有不同内直径的阶梯式的内表面。第一壳体区段能够是传动机构的壳体(传动机构壳体)。第二壳体区段能够是电机的壳体(马达壳体)。
如已经表明的那样,转子轴和传动轴彼此同轴地布置。传动轴能够是传动机构的输入轴。
转子轴和传动轴彼此单独地构造并且在装配驱动单元时抗转动地彼此联接。通过单独地设计传动轴和转子轴,能够根据载荷来选择轴的材料。此外,轴能够被单独地加工并且必要时被单独地热处理(轴的质量比一件式的设计方案要小)。此外,在运行齿部直径(Laufverzahnungsdurchmesser)、密封件直径、轴承直径或驻车锁定连接部的设计方案中能够实现更高的灵活性。
第一滚动轴承能够布置在传动轴的背离转子轴的端部处。第二滚动轴承能够布置在转子轴的背离传动轴的端部处。第三滚动轴承能够沿轴向布置在第一滚动轴承与第二滚动轴承之间。
传动轴为了传递转矩而能够例如通过装配到传动轴上的齿轮或在传动轴中所构造的、例如所切出的齿部来例如啮合到另外的传动轴上。
驱动单元能够具有另外的组件。电机于是能够具有转子,该转子抗转动地与转子轴联接。此外,电机能够具有定子,该定子与转子电磁地相互作用。传动机构能够是单级或多级的传动机构、例如圆柱齿轮传动机构。驱动单元能够形成用于车辆的电车轴。
根据一种改进方案,第三滚动轴承能够尤其沿轴向大部分位于传动轴上,其中,轴承内圈在背离转子轴的侧面处抵靠在径向的凸出部处。由此能够将例如从传动轴处的齿部或驻车锁出发作用到传动轴上的径向力和轴向力直接引导到第三滚动轴承中。因此,能够取消用于传递力的另外的接口。凸出部能够通过相对于轴承座沿径向突出的轴肩来构造或者通过安装到传动轴上的单独的元件例如止动环来构造。第三滚动轴承能够布置在第一壳体区段中并且因此在第一壳体区段中可转动地支承着传动轴和转子轴。
根据一种改进方案,第一滚动轴承和第三滚动轴承能够以X型布置形式或O型布置形式布置在第一壳体区段中。因此,能够将在推拉运行中例如来源于运行齿部的轴向力分别通过滚动轴承从传动轴引导到第一壳体区段(例如传动机构壳体)中。作用到传动轴上的径向力直接由传动轴通过第一壳体区段中的滚动轴承来支撑。
可选地,第一滚动轴承、第二滚动轴承和/或第三滚动轴承能够相对于相应的滚动轴承布置所在的壳体区段尤其借助于弹簧或垫片沿轴向来被预紧。这有助于吸收轴向力。
根据一种改进方案,传动轴和转子轴能够沿轴向彼此紧固(沿轴向固定联接),其中,第一滚动轴承和第三滚动轴承中的一个轴承构造为浮动轴承并且相应地另一个轴承构造为固定轴承。因此,能够通过热膨胀来消除应力并且补偿制造公差。
根据一种改进方案,转子轴能够以外周面抵靠在第三滚动轴承的轴承内圈的内表面处,其中,转子轴以径向凸肩(沿轴向方向定向的端面)沿轴向支撑在第三滚动轴承的轴承内圈处或传动轴处。因此,转子轴的朝传动轴的方向的轴向力能够借助于轴承内圈来得到支撑。传动轴的轴承座、即第三滚动轴承以轴承内圈所位于的传动轴的区段、以及转子轴的外周面能够具有相同的外直径。因此,第三滚动轴承的轴承内圈能够具有沿轴向保持不变的内直径。
根据一种改进方案,第三滚动轴承能够具有沿轴向延长的轴承内圈,该轴承内圈沿轴向从第三滚动轴承伸出。因此,在滚动轴承的相同的径向结构尺寸的情况下能够通过足够大的接触面来实现与转子轴和与传动轴的更可靠的接触。这有助于沿径向紧凑的结构方式。
替选地,第三滚动轴承能够设计成比第一滚动轴承和第三滚动轴承要大的滚动轴承(例如在标准宽度方面)。因此,能够在与转子轴和与传动轴的足够大的接触面的情况下使用常规的滚动轴承。这有助于成本低廉的结构方式。在标准宽度的情况下,轴承内圈和轴承外圈能够具有沿轴向相同的尺寸。
根据一种改进方案,第三滚动轴承能够在必要时沿轴向延长的轴承内圈处具有带有增大的内直径的凸肩,其中,转子轴以外周面抵靠在轴承内圈处的该凸肩中。因此,能够将轴向力从转子轴传递到轴承内圈上,而必要时没有或仅有对转子轴的横截面的略微的削弱。凸肩尤其构造在内圈的朝向转子轴的端部处。
根据一种改进方案,转子轴能够具有带有减小的外直径的阶梯部,其中,第三滚动轴承的轴承内圈以其内周缘抵靠在转子轴处的该阶梯部中。因此,能够将轴向力从转子轴传递到第三滚动轴承的轴承内圈上,而不削弱轴承内圈的横截面。转子轴处的阶梯部以及传动轴处的轴承座、即第三滚动轴承以轴承内圈所位于的传动轴的区段能够具有相同的直径。阶梯部尤其构造在转子轴的朝向传动轴的端部处。
根据一种改进方案,传动轴能够沿轴向部分区段地或完全地构造为空心轴。因此,传动轴能够具有中心的开口或中心的贯通部。因此,能够实现对转子轴和/或轴连接部、例如插接齿部的涂油或冷却。在传动轴中和/或在转子轴中能够构造径向的通道。因此,能够实现对轴承和/或密封件的涂油或冷却。与此独立地能够设想到,转子轴沿轴向部分区段地或完全地构造为空心轴。
根据一种改进方案,转子轴和传动轴能够材料锁合地(例如借助于焊接)、形状锁合地(例如借助于插接齿部)和/或力锁合地(例如借助于挤压结合部)彼此连接。因此,能够实现轴的在结构上简单且稳定的连接。
传动轴和转子轴能够彼此沿轴向重叠并且在重叠区域中彼此连接。在转子轴处能够构造有沿轴向突出的轴颈,该轴颈在轴的经组装的状态下伸入到传动轴的开口或贯通部中。在传动轴的内周缘处能够构造有内齿部,并且在轴颈的外周缘处能够构造有外齿部。内齿部和外齿部在插接在一起的状态下构成插接齿部。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明的可行的实施方式进行解释。其中:
图1示出了用于车辆的驱动单元的示意性的截面图;并且
图2a-2d示出了用于转子轴和传动轴的在来自图1的驱动单元的第三滚动轴承处的支承部的设计的可行方案。
具体实施方式
用于车辆的驱动单元在图1中总体上具有附图标记10。驱动单元10具有带有转子轴14的电机12以及带有与转子轴14分开的传动轴18的传动机构16。传动轴18借助于第一滚动轴承20可转动地支承在第一壳体区段22(未被示出)中,并且转子轴14借助于第二滚动轴承24可转动地支承在第二壳体区段26(未被示出)中。第一壳体区段22能够是传动机构16的壳体,并且第二壳体区段26能够是电机12的壳体(壳体相应地未被示出)。壳体能够具有(同样未被示出的)一个或多个壳体壁,在这些壳体壁中构造有用于滚动轴承20、24、28的轴承座(无附图标记)(轴承座通过阴影线来表示)。
传动轴18和转子轴14抗转动地彼此联接,其中,在传动轴18与转子轴14之间的轴向的过渡部处有布置第三滚动轴承28,该第三滚动轴承具有轴承内圈30,其中,轴承内圈30以其内表面32抵靠在转子轴14处和传动轴18处(参见图2a)。
轴承内圈的内表面32能够是具有(沿轴向)连续地保持不变的内直径的内表面32或者是具有不同内直径的阶梯式的内表面32。转子轴14和传动轴18彼此同轴地布置。传动轴18能够是传动机构的输入轴。
第一滚动轴承20布置在传动轴18的背离转子轴14的端部处。第二滚动轴承24布置在转子轴14的背离传动轴18的端部处。第三滚动轴承28沿轴向布置在滚动轴承20、24之间。传动轴18例如为了传递转矩而具有在传动轴18中所切出的齿部34。
电机12具有转子36,该转子抗转动地与转子轴14联接。此外,电机12具有(未被示出的)定子,该定子与转子36电磁地相互作用。驱动单元10例如构成用于车辆的电车轴。
第三滚动轴承28沿轴向大部分位于传动轴18上,其中,轴承内圈30在背离转子轴14的侧面处抵靠在径向的凸出部38处。凸出部38例如通过相对于轴承座40、即传动轴18的区段(第三滚动轴承28以轴承内圈30位于该区段处)沿径向突出的轴肩来构造。
第三滚动轴承28布置在第一壳体区段22中并且在第一壳体区段22中可转动地支承着传动轴18和转子轴14。第一滚动轴承20和第三滚动轴承28例如以X型布置形式布置在第一壳体区段22中。可选地,滚动轴承20、24、28能够沿轴向预紧,如上面所解释的那样。
传动轴18和转子轴14沿轴向彼此紧固,其中,第一滚动轴承20和第三滚动轴承28中的一个轴承构造为浮动轴承并且相应地另一个轴承构造为固定轴承(未详细示出)。
在图2a中放大地示出了按图1的第三滚动轴承28处的支承部。第三滚动轴承28具有沿轴向延长的轴承内圈30,该轴承内圈沿轴向从滚动轴承28伸出。转子轴14具有阶梯部42,该阶梯部具有相对于外周面41减小的外直径,其中,第三滚动轴承28的轴承内圈30以其内表面32抵靠在转子轴14处的该阶梯部42中。转子轴14以径向凸肩44在端侧支撑在滚动轴承28的(延长的)轴承内圈30处。传动轴18的轴承座40以及转子轴14的阶梯部42例如具有相同的外直径。轴承内圈30在内表面32处具有沿轴向保持不变的内直径。
传动轴18构造为具有中心的贯通部46的空心轴(参见图1)。因此,转子轴14和必要时轴连接部也能够进行涂油或冷却,如上面所解释的那样。
转子轴14和传动轴18例如形状锁合地、更确切地说借助于插接齿部48彼此连接(参见图1)。传动轴18和转子轴14沿轴向彼此重叠并且在重叠区域中彼此连接。在转子轴14处构造有沿轴向伸出的轴颈50,该轴颈在轴14、18的经组装的状态下伸入到传动轴18的贯通部46中。
在传动轴18的内周缘52处构造有内齿部54,并且在轴颈50的外周缘56处构造有外齿部58。内齿部54和外齿部58在插接在一起的状态下构成插接齿部48。
图2b至图2d示出了第三滚动轴承28处的支承部的不同的设计可行方案。相同或功能相同的元件设有相同的附图标记,从而参阅前述的实施方式以避免重复。
在按图2b的支承部处,不同于图2a,转子轴14不具有径向凸肩44。取而代之,第三滚动轴承28在(沿轴向延长的)轴承内圈30处具有凸肩60,该凸肩具有增大的内直径,其中,转子轴14以其外周面41抵靠在轴承内圈30处的该凸肩60中。凸肩60构造在转子轴14的朝向传动轴18的端部处。
在按图2c的支承部中,不同于图2a,轴承内圈30沿轴向不延长,从而该轴承内圈并不沿轴向伸出超过第三滚动轴承28。轴承内圈30以其内表面32抵靠在转子轴14处的阶梯部42中。转子轴14以径向凸肩44在端侧支撑在滚动轴承28的轴承内圈30处。相较于图2a中的支承部,图2c中的滚动轴承28朝转子轴14的方向移动更多。
在按图2d的支承部中,不同于图2a,转子轴14不具有转子轴14在端侧抵靠在轴承内圈30处所用的径向凸肩44。取而代之,转子轴14以径向凸肩44在端侧支撑在传动轴18处。转子轴14的外周面41以及传动轴18的轴承座40具有相同的外直径。轴承内圈30沿轴向不延长,从而该轴承内圈沿轴向并不从滚动轴承30伸出。轴承内圈30在内表面32处具有沿轴向保持不变的内直径。
Claims (10)
1.用于车辆的驱动单元(10),所述驱动单元具有带有转子轴(14)的电机(12)以及带有传动轴(18)的传动机构(16),其中,所述传动轴(18)借助于第一滚动轴承(20)可转动地支承在第一壳体区段(22)中,并且所述转子轴(14)借助于第二滚动轴承(24)可转动地支承在第二壳体区段(26)中,其特征在于,所述传动轴(18)和所述转子轴(14)抗转动地彼此联接,其中,在传动轴(18)与转子轴(14)之间的过渡部处布置有第三滚动轴承(28),所述第三滚动轴承具有轴承内圈(30),其中,所述轴承内圈(30)以其内表面(32)抵靠在所述转子轴(14)处和所述传动轴(18)处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述第三滚动轴承(28)位于所述传动轴(18)上,其中,所述轴承内圈(30)在背离所述转子轴(14)的侧面处抵靠在径向的凸出部(38)处。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述第一滚动轴承(20)和所述第三滚动轴承(28)以X型布置形式或O型布置形式布置在所述第一壳体区段(22)中。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述传动轴(18)和所述转子轴(14)沿轴向彼此紧固,其中,第一滚动轴承(20)和第三滚动轴承(28)中的一个轴承构造为浮动轴承并且相应地另一个轴承构造为固定轴承。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述转子轴(18)以外周面(41)抵靠在所述第三滚动轴承(28)的轴承内圈(30)的内表面(32)处,其中,所述转子轴(14)以径向凸肩(44)沿轴向支撑在所述第三滚动轴承(28)的轴承内圈(30)处或所述传动轴(18)处。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述第三滚动轴承(28)具有沿轴向延长的轴承内圈(30),所述轴承内圈沿轴向从所述第三滚动轴承(28)伸出,或者所述第三滚动轴承(28)设计成比所述第一滚动轴承(20)和所述第二滚动轴承(24)要大的滚动轴承。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述第三滚动轴承(28)在所述轴承内圈(30)处具有带有增大的内直径的凸肩(60),其中,所述转子轴(14)以外周面(41)抵靠在所述轴承内圈(30)处的该凸肩(60)中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述转子轴(14)具有带有减小的外直径的阶梯部(42),其中,所述第三滚动轴承(28)的轴承内圈(30)以其内表面(32)抵靠在所述转子轴(14)处的该阶梯部(42)中。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述传动轴(18)沿轴向部分区段地或完全地构造为空心轴。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动单元(10),其特征在于,所述转子轴(14)和所述传动轴(18)材料锁合地、形状锁合地和/或力锁合地彼此连接。
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