CN109416107B - 用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力传动系 - Google Patents

用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109416107B
CN109416107B CN201780039978.0A CN201780039978A CN109416107B CN 109416107 B CN109416107 B CN 109416107B CN 201780039978 A CN201780039978 A CN 201780039978A CN 109416107 B CN109416107 B CN 109416107B
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transmission
drive shaft
spur gear
motor vehicle
stg
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CN109416107A (zh
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P·齐默
M·罗斯克
J·帕夫拉克维奇
T·罗泽迈尔
R·库贝尔齐克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
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    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0469—Bearings or seals
    • F16H57/0471—Bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H57/0484—Gearings with gears having orbital motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器(G)，其中，该变速器(G)具有一个驱动轴(GW1)、一个从动轴(GW2)、多个行星齿轮组(P1、P2、P3)、多个切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)以及一个轴线平行于驱动轴(GW1)设置的电机(EM)，该电机借助圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或借助牵引器件传动机构而与驱动轴(GW1)经由恒定的传动比处于作用连接，其中，通过选择性闭合切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)，借助行星齿轮组(P1、P2、P3)能在驱动轴(GW1)和从动轴(GW2)之间切换不同的挡位，其中，切换元件之一(B)的操纵元件(BK)至少局部沿径向设置在圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)的或牵引器件传动机构的同轴于驱动轴(GW1)设置的元件(STG1)之内，并且连同圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或牵引器件传动机构一起设置在一个垂直于驱动轴(GW1)的转动轴线定向的平面(E1)内；以及本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力传动系，该动力传动系包括这样的变速器(G)。

Description

用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器以及一种用于机动车的动力传动系，该动力传动系包括这样的变速器。在这里，变速器尤其是称为多挡变速器，在该多挡变速器中通过切换元件优选能自动切换多个挡、即在变速器的驱动轴和从动轴之间的固定的传动比。在这里，切换元件例如是指离合器或制动器。这样的变速器主要应用在机动车中，以便使驱动单元的转速和转矩输出特性以合适的方式匹配于车辆的行驶阻力。
背景技术
公开文献DE 11 2012 003 406 T5描述了一种混合动力驱动装置，在该混合动力驱动装置中电机设置在平行于第一轴的第二轴上。在第一轴上设置有具有输入轴和前置齿轮的变速器。前置齿轮经由差速装置而与机动车的驱动轮连接。电机经由构成为圆柱齿轮传动器的连接机构而与输入轴连接。仅仅示意性示出变速器的形成挡的区段。
专利申请DE 10 2009 018 958 A1描述了一种多级变速器，该多级变速器包括一个壳体、三个行星齿轮组和一个第一、第二以及第三轴，其中，第三轴相对于第一和第二轴以轴线错位的方式设置。按照图3中示出的实施例，该多级变速器具有一个电机，该电机同轴于第三轴设置。电机与第二轴经由链连接装置或带连接装置处于永久作用连接。
在现有技术中已知的两个装置设置用于用在机动车动力传动系中，该机动车动力传动系横向于机动车的行驶方向定向。这样的装置通常可针对尽可能短的轴向结构长度进行优化，因为由驱动机和变速器构成的轴向联合体可设置在机动车前部结构的纵梁之间。
发明内容
现在，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于机动车的变速器，该变速器的特征在于特别短的轴向结构长度。
所述目的通过如下所述的特征来实现。按照本发明的用于机动车的变速器具有一个驱动轴、一个从动轴、多个行星齿轮组、多个切换元件以及一个轴线平行于驱动轴设置的电机，该电机借助圆柱齿轮传动机构或借助牵引器件传动机构而与驱动轴经由恒定的传动比处于作用连接，其中，通过选择性闭合切换元件，借助行星齿轮组能在驱动轴和从动轴之间切换不同的挡位，其特征在于，所述多个切换元件之中的一个操纵元件至少局部沿径向设置在圆柱齿轮传动机构的或牵引器件传动机构的同轴于驱动轴设置的元件之内，并且切换元件之一的操纵元件连同圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构一起设置在一个垂直于驱动轴的转动轴线定向的平面内。有利的实施方案由说明书和附图得出。
该变速器包括一个驱动轴、一个从动轴、多个行星齿轮组、多个切换元件以及一个轴线平行于驱动轴设置的电机。通过选择性闭合切换元件，借助行星齿轮组能在驱动轴和从动轴之间切换不同的挡位。该电机借助圆柱齿轮传动机构或借助牵引器件传动机构而与驱动轴处于作用连接，其中，在驱动轴和电机之间的传动比是恒定的。
圆柱齿轮传动机构可以具有一个或多个中间齿轮，该中间齿轮的转动轴线平行于电机转子的转动轴线并且平行于驱动轴的转动轴线。牵引器件传动机构的例子是链条、楔形带亦或齿形带。
按照本发明，切换元件之一的操纵元件至少局部沿径向设置在圆柱齿轮传动机构的或牵引器件传动机构的同轴于驱动轴设置的元件之内。该操纵元件连同圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构一起设置在一个垂直于驱动轴的转动轴线设置的平面内。
换言之，一个切换元件的该操纵元件至少局部沿径向插套在圆柱齿轮传动机构的或牵引器件传动机构的同轴于驱动轴的那个元件之内。圆柱齿轮传动机构的或牵引器件传动机构的元件和操纵元件设置在一个共同的垂直于驱动轴定向的平面内。
通过按照本发明的布置结构可以减小变速器的轴向结构长度，因为圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构和操纵元件不再沿轴向前后相继设置。
按照一种优选的实施方案，所述操纵元件是能被液压加载的活塞。这样的活塞典型地构成为旋转对称的，并且因而可以按简单的方式至少局部地沿径向设置在圆柱齿轮传动机构元件或牵引器件传动机构元件之内。
优选地，用于对活塞加载压力的液压流体的供给以及用于润滑圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构的液压流体的供给经由彼此分开的通道进行，这些通道局部设置在驱动轴之内。通过用于润滑圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构的通道，也可以给驱动轴的滚动轴承装置供给润滑油。这样的从驱动轴出发的中央液压流体供给同样有助于变速器的紧凑的结构方式。
优选地，所述变速器具有与变速器外部的驱动单元(例如与内燃机)的接口。该接口构成为用于将变速器外部的驱动单元的转动运动传递到变速器的驱动轴上，并且例如可以构成为法兰或者可以构成为插齿。接口可以构成在驱动轴上或者可以构成在能与驱动轴连接的连接轴上。接口例如也可以构成在与驱动轴连接的液力变矩器上，该液力变矩器用作起动元件。在此，圆柱齿轮传动机构或牵引器件传动机构设置在变速器的和与变速器外部的驱动单元的接口相反的那个轴向端部上。
变速器可以是用于机动车的动力传动系的组成部分。除了变速器之外，动力传动系还具有内燃机，该内燃机能经由变速器内部的或变速器外部的扭振减振器而与变速器的驱动轴以转动弹性的方式连接，或者能经由分离离合器连接。从动轴与变速器内部的或变速器外部的差速器处于作用连接，其中，差速器的输出轴与机动车的驱动轮连接。变速器连同电机能实现机动车的多个驱动模式。在电动行驶运行中，机动车由变速器的电机驱动。在内燃机式运行中，机动车由内燃机驱动。在混合动力运行中，机动车不仅由内燃机、而且由变速器的电机驱动。
附图说明
下面依据附图详细地描述本发明的实施例。图中：
图1示出按照本发明的变速器的示意图；
图2示出按照本发明的变速器的一个区域的剖视图；和
图3示出用于机动车的动力传动系。
具体实施方式
图1示出变速器G的示意图，该变速器具有一个驱动轴GW1、一个从动轴GW2、一个第一行星齿轮组P1、一个第二行星齿轮组P2、一个第三行星齿轮组P3、五个切换元件A、B、C、D、E和一个电机EM、一个扭振减振器TS、一个连接轴AN以及一个分离离合器K0。
这三个行星齿轮组P1、P2、P3同轴于驱动轴GW1设置。从动轴GW2永久地与第一行星齿轮组P1的行星架以及与第三行星齿轮组P3的齿圈连接。第一行星齿轮组P1的齿圈永久地与第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架连接。第二行星齿轮组P2的齿圈永久地与第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架连接。第二行星齿轮组P2的太阳轮永久地与驱动轴GW1连接。通过闭合切换元件A，第一行星齿轮组P1的太阳轮能相对于变速器G的壳体GG不可相对转动地固定。通过闭合切换元件B，驱动轴GW1能与第三行星齿轮组P3的太阳轮连接。通过闭合切换元件C，第三行星齿轮组P3的太阳轮能不可转动地固定。通过闭合切换元件D，第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架能不可转动地固定。通过闭合切换元件E，驱动轴GW1能与第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架连接。
切换元件A、B、C和E例如构成为力锁合的切换元件，而切换元件D例如构成为形锁合的切换元件。
变速器G具有与变速器外部的驱动单元的接口GA，该驱动单元例如可以构成为内燃机。接口GA设置用于将变速器外部的驱动单元的转速传递到驱动轴GW1上。在接口GA和驱动轴GW1之间设置有扭振减振器TS和分离离合器K0。通过闭合分离离合器K0，驱动轴GW1能与连接轴AN连接，在该连接轴上设置有所述接口GA。
从动轴GW2在一个区段上具有圆柱齿部，该圆柱齿部用于在从动轴GW2和轴线平行于从动轴GW2设置的未示出的差速器AG之间传递功率。差速器AG可以是变速器G的组成部分。
电机EM具有一个相对于壳体GG不可相对转动的定子和一个能转动的转子，并且轴线平行于驱动轴GW1设置。转子经由圆柱齿轮传动机构STG而与驱动轴GW1处于永久作用连接。在示出的该实施例中，圆柱齿轮传动机构STG具有中间齿轮，该中间齿轮可转动地支承在壳体GG上。该中间齿轮与圆柱齿轮传动机构STG的同轴于驱动轴GW1设置的元件STG1啮合。用于操纵切换元件B的操纵元件BK在此沿径向设置在元件STG1之内。圆柱齿轮传动机构STG的组成部分以及操纵元件BK设置在一个正交于驱动轴轴线定向的平面E1中。代替圆柱齿轮传动机构STG，也可以使用牵引器件传动机构、例如链传动装置。
图2示出按照在图1中示出的第一实施例的变速器G的局部剖视图。
图3示意性示出机动车的动力传动系。内燃机VKM经由扭振减振器TS而与变速器G的连接轴AN连接。代替于此，内燃机VKM也可经由扭振减振器TS直接与变速器G的驱动轴GW1连接。该动力传动系也可以包含液力变矩器，该液力变矩器能设置在内燃机VKM和变速器G的驱动轴GW1之间的力流中。这样的变矩器也可以包括跨接离合器。本领域技术人员可根据外部边界条件自由配置动力传动系的各个部件的布置结构和空间位置。从动轴GW2与差速器AG作用连接，在从动轴GW2上存在的功率经由该差速器分配到机动车的驱动轮DW上。
附图标记
G变速器
GG 壳体
GW1 驱动轴
GW2 从动轴
EM 电机
P1 第一行星齿轮组
P2 第二行星齿轮组
P3 第三行星齿轮组
A 切换元件
B 切换元件
C 切换元件
D 切换元件
E 切换元件
BK 操纵元件
STG 圆柱齿轮传动机构
STG1 圆柱齿轮传动机构的元件
E1 平面
GA 接口
K0 分离离合器
TS 扭振减振器
AN 连接轴
VKM 内燃机
AG 差速器
DW 驱动轮

Claims (5)

1.用于机动车的变速器(G)，其中，该变速器(G)具有一个驱动轴(GW1)、一个从动轴(GW2)、多个行星齿轮组(P1、P2、P3)、多个切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)以及一个轴线平行于驱动轴(GW1)设置的电机(EM)，该电机借助圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或借助牵引器件传动机构而与驱动轴(GW1)经由恒定的传动比处于作用连接，其中，通过选择性闭合切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)，借助行星齿轮组(P1、P2、P3)能在驱动轴(GW1)和从动轴(GW2)之间切换不同的挡位，
其特征在于，
所述多个切换元件之中的一个切换元件(B)的操纵元件(BK)
——至少局部沿径向设置在圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)的或牵引器件传动机构的同轴于驱动轴(GW1)设置的元件(STG1)之内，并且
——连同圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或牵引器件传动机构一起设置在一个垂直于驱动轴(GW1)的转动轴线定向的平面(E1)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述操纵元件(BK)是能被液压加载的活塞。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，用于对活塞加载的液压流体的供给以及用于润滑圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或牵引器件传动机构的液压流体的供给经由彼此分开的通道进行，这些通道局部设置在驱动轴(GW1)之内。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述变速器(G)在一个端部具有与变速器外部的驱动单元的接口(GA)，借助该接口能将变速器外部的驱动单元的转动运动传递到驱动轴(GW1)上，其中，圆柱齿轮传动机构(STG)或牵引器件传动机构设置在变速器(G)的和与变速器外部的驱动单元的接口(GA)相反的端部上。
5.用于机动车的动力传动系，其特征在于，设有根据权利要求1至4之一所述的变速器(G)。
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US10766350B2 (en) 2020-09-08
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US20190193550A1 (en) 2019-06-27
WO2018001619A1 (de) 2018-01-04
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DE102016211884A1 (de) 2018-01-04
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