CN116102778A - 一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法及其应用,属于合成树脂技术和医用材料技术领域,该方法以苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯等含羟基交联剂的共聚物为基体,在戊二醛为后交联剂的作用下进行二次交联傅克反应,合成了一种比表面积高、孔径分布均匀且带有‑OH等亲水基团的新型超高交联吸附树脂微球,以此基础上对吸附树脂微球表面进行火棉胶(硝基纤维素)包膜修饰改性,在一定程度上增大了吸附树脂微球的亲水性,提高了临床治疗的吸附效率,降低了血液灌流器的成本,促进了血液灌流行业的发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成树脂技术和医用材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
血液灌流(HP)是一种通过灌流吸附装置吸附作用清除血液中毒素和代谢废物的体外血液净化技术,在药物中毒的抢救和肾脏病患者的血液透析等临床救治方面发挥着重要作用。常用的血液灌流器由柱体和吸附剂组成,其中吸附剂材料的选取尤为重要。与传统的多糖类、活性炭类吸附剂相比,市售的血液灌流器多采用超高交联吸附树脂微球作为吸附剂。超高交联吸附树脂微球是一种内部孔结构复杂、交联度很高的高分子吸附树脂,具有物化性能优异、孔径分布均匀、比表面积高以及表面修饰可控性等诸多优点,决定着血液灌流器的应用和推广。
目前的超高交联吸附树脂微球多以聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基共聚物(P(St-co-DVB))为主,这种共聚物是疏水性高分子材料,在生产和使用中仍然存在着生物相容性差、制作成本较为昂贵且工业制备产生污染等问题,有待进一步的技术改进和优化。专利CN115449006A公开的高交联大孔树脂微球的制备方法中所述的后交联由以前的1,2-对二氯卞或氯甲醚改为脂肪醛,这种合成方法避免了工业合成中产生对环境污染的氯气和残余有毒致癌的氯甲醚等,但该专利发明产品的亲水性和生物相容性相比已包膜改性处理的高交联大孔吸附树脂微球稍差一些,影响了其在血液灌流器中的吸附效率。专利CN114100589A公开的一种用于药物慢性中毒的血液灌流树脂吸附剂改性,所述的改性方法是在中性大孔树脂表面包覆PVA膜,可以提高树脂吸附剂的生物相容性和使用安全性,但其中需要先对PVA溶液进行预交联,制备工艺相对复杂。
发明内容
为了提高临床治疗的吸附效率,促进血液灌流行业的发展,改善现有的技术,本发明的主要目的在于合成一种比表面积高、孔径分布均匀且带有-OH等亲水基团的新型超高交联吸附树脂微球。对该吸附树脂微球表面进行火棉胶包膜修饰更进一步提高了其生物相容性,使其可以安全应用在血液灌流的临床救治中,进行选择吸附大、小分子的毒素;还具有较高的机械性能和良好的吸附动力学,在药物分离提纯、污水处理、化学分析等领域大放异彩。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)基体树脂微球的制备:将油相、水相混合进行悬浮聚合反应,分离洗净后得到树脂微球A;
(b)以步骤(a)中得到的树脂微球A为基体,在溶胀剂、后交联剂、催化剂的存在下进行二次交联傅克反应,得到树脂微球B;
(c)树脂微球B经乙醇、盐酸、去离子水洗涤干净后抽滤、干燥;
(d)将干燥后的树脂微球B均匀分散在火棉胶和无水乙醇混合液中,搅拌以进行包膜,得到超高交联吸附树脂微球。
优选的,步骤(a)中,所述油相包括苯乙烯、交联剂、致孔剂和引发剂;所述水相包括分散剂和水;油相与水相的质量比为2:3。
更优选的,步骤(a)中,所述油相包括下述质量份的原料:苯乙烯6~16份、交联剂16~24份、致孔剂65份和引发剂1份。其中,所述交联剂为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯等丙烯酸类交联剂化合物,这些化合物可以单独或两种以上混合使用;所述致孔剂优选甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、正庚烷、甲基环己烷、正丁醇等中的至少一种;所述引发剂为过氧化物或偶氮化合物中的一种,如过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈等。
更优选的,步骤(a)中,分散剂为醇解度88%的医用级聚乙烯醇。
优选的,步骤(a)中,所述分散剂占水相质量的0.1%~2%。
优选的,步骤(a)中,悬浮聚合反应的条件包括:转速40~500rpm,聚合温度由40℃升至60~70℃,升温速率为2℃/min,反应6~8h后,再将温度按梯度升高至75~90℃反应1h,,其中的梯度升温是指1℃/min的升温速率。
优选的,步骤(b)中,溶胀剂为二氯乙烷;后交联剂为戊二醛;催化剂包括三氯化铁、三氟化硼和四氯化锡中的至少一种。
优选的,步骤(b)中,基体树脂微球A、溶胀剂、后交联剂和催化剂质量比为1:10:(0.5~1.5):0.3。
优选的,步骤(d)中,所述火棉胶为硝基纤维素,质量浓度为5%。
优选的,步骤(d)中,树脂微球B、火棉胶和无水乙醇的质量比为1:5:15;搅拌时间为5~10min。
一种超高交联吸附树脂微球,根据上述制备方法得到。本发明合成了一种比表面积高、孔径分布均匀且带有-OH等亲水基团的相容性良好的新型超高交联吸附树脂微球,并对其表面进行火棉胶包膜修饰,可以在一定程度上提高临床治疗的吸附效率,降低血液灌流器的成本,促进血液灌流行业的发展。
所述超高交联吸附树脂微球在制备血液灌流器中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和技术效果:
本发明在分子结构设计方面利用悬浮聚合和二次交联傅克反应合成了带有-OH的超高交联的吸附树脂微球,并对其表面进行火棉胶包膜修饰改性,极大程度上增强了吸附树脂微球的亲水性和生物相容性,提高了其对药物中毒和血液中大分子毒素物质的吸附效果。同时,本发明产品简单的制备技术和实惠的成本材料可以实现该种吸附树脂微球的工业化生产,便于大规模市场使用。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为实施例1、实施例5和实施例7中二次交联反应前后吸附树脂微球以及对照例1的红外光谱变化图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
将21.2g苯乙烯、84.8g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、212g甲苯、3.2g过氧化苯甲酰搅拌均匀成油相,倒入提前以40℃加热溶解均匀的由480g去离子水和1.1g聚乙烯醇组成的水相中,以45rpm转速搅拌,由40℃缓慢升温至65℃反应6h,升温速率为2℃/min,再以1℃/min的升温速率梯度加热混合物至75℃,恒温1h,将聚合得到的树脂微球中的致孔剂和分散剂去除,净化烘干后得到P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球。
实施例2
将31.8g苯乙烯、74.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、212g甲苯、3.2g过氧化苯甲酰搅拌均匀成油相,倒入提前以40℃加热溶解均匀的由480g去离子水和1.1g聚乙烯醇组成的水相中,以45rpm转速搅拌,由40℃缓慢升温至65℃反应6h,升温速率为2℃/min,再以1℃/min的升温速率梯度加热混合物至75℃,恒温1h,将聚合得到的树脂微球中的致孔剂和分散剂去除,净化烘干后得到P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球。
实施例3
将53.0g苯乙烯、53.0g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、212g甲苯、3.2g过氧化苯甲酰搅拌均匀成油相,倒入提前以40℃加热溶解均匀的由480g去离子水和1.1g聚乙烯醇组成的水相中,以45rpm转速搅拌,由40℃缓慢升温至65℃反应6h,升温速率为2℃/min,再以1℃/min的升温速率梯度加热混合物至75℃,恒温1h,将聚合得到的树脂微球中的致孔剂和分散剂去除,净化烘干后得到P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球。
实施例4
将2.5g戊二醛和50g二氯乙烷置于三口烧瓶中,在25rpm转速、40℃恒温下混合均匀后(10~15min),再取5g实施例1中所制备的P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球加入其中,溶胀24h,再将25g二氯乙烷和1.5g无水氯化铁加入三口烧瓶中,开启25rpm均匀搅拌,将40℃按2℃/min的升温速率梯度升温至80℃,恒温24h,洗涤干净、真空烘干后得到超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球。
实施例5
将5g戊二醛和50g二氯乙烷置于三口烧瓶中,在25rpm转速、40℃恒温下混合均匀后(10~15min),再取5g实施例1中所制备的P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球加入其中,溶胀24h,再将25g二氯乙烷和1.5g无水氯化铁加入三口烧瓶中,开启25rpm均匀搅拌,将40℃按2℃/min的升温速率梯度升温至80℃,恒温24h,洗涤干净、真空烘干后得到超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球。
实施例6
将7.5g戊二醛和50g二氯乙烷置于三口烧瓶中,在25rpm转速、40℃恒温下混合均匀后(10~15min),再取5g实施例1中所制备的P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球加入其中,溶胀24h,再将25g二氯乙烷和1.5g无水氯化铁加入三口烧瓶中,开启25rpm均匀搅拌,将40℃按2℃/min的升温速率梯度升温至80℃,恒温24h,洗涤干净、真空烘干后得到超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球。
实施例7
称5g火棉胶和15g无水乙醇置于烧杯中,进行磁力搅拌,再取1g实施例5中合成的超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球加入其中,搅拌包膜5min,经洗涤、抽滤后得到粗产品吸附树脂微球,后再用去离子水冲洗粗产品至中性,最终得到表面包裹火棉胶的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球。
将上述实施例中合成的P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球、超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球以及表面包裹火棉胶的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球进行比表面积、平均孔径和孔体积的测试,测试设备为美国Micromeritics公司的比表面积与孔径分析仪(BET,ASAP 2020 Plus型),其获得数据如表1所示。此外,对超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球和表面包裹火棉胶的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球以及市面上销售的以表面包裹PVA的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球(对照例1,河南省驼人医疗科技有限公司)进行红外分析,对比测试树脂微球是否包膜成功,测试设备为美国Thermofishe公司的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR,Nicolet iS50型),其获得的红外光谱图如图1所示。最后,将超高交联亲水性吸附树脂微球、表面包裹火棉胶的改性吸附树脂微球以及对照例1进行体外静态吸附实验(依据标准YYT0464-2019一次性使用血液灌流器),测试表面修饰改性后的树脂微球对维生素B12的吸附性能,测试仪器为美国Agilen公司的紫外分光光度计(Cary 5000型),其获得数据如表2所示。
表1实施例1-7比表面积、平均孔径和孔体积数据
<![CDATA[比表面积/(m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1)</sup>]]> | 平均孔径/(nm) | <![CDATA[孔体积/(mL·g<sup>-1</sup>)]]> | |
实施例1 | 819.3151 | 6.5864 | 1.1980 |
实施例2 | 425.5757 | 6.1264 | 0.6412 |
实施例3 | 289.6480 | 5.8486 | 0.5026 |
实施例4 | 1221.5793 | 7.1162 | 2.2386 |
实施例5 | 1368.8791 | 6.7128 | 2.2972 |
实施例6 | 1146.7921 | 6.0173 | 1.7573 |
实施例7 | 1368.8683 | 6.7121 | 2.2868 |
从表1可以看出,本发明通过改变初始交联剂含量和二次交联剂含量,可获得具有不同孔结构的吸附树脂微球。对比实施例1和实施例5、6、7数据可以发现,经过二次交联合成的超高交联吸附树脂微球的比表面积明显大于P(St-co-HEMA)共聚微球的比表面积且孔径分布均匀,一定程度上提高了产品的吸附能力,达到了目前市售对应商品的性能。
表2实施例及对照例1的吸附性能数据
从表2中可以看出,相比于未经表面包膜改性的超高交联吸附树脂微球(实施例5)和表面包裹PVA的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球(对照例1),本发明合成的表面包裹火棉胶的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球(实施例7)的吸附率有了明显的提高。由数据表1、2知,本发明合成的表面包裹火棉胶的改性超高交联吸附树脂微球不但没有堵住原有的孔结构,而且还具有优异的吸附性能和良好的相容性,超过了目前市售对应商品的性能。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
以上,仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)基体树脂微球的制备:将油相、水相混合进行悬浮聚合反应,分离洗净后得到树脂微球A;
(b)以步骤(a)中得到的树脂微球A为基体,在溶胀剂、后交联剂、催化剂的存在下进行二次交联傅克反应,得到树脂微球B;
(c)树脂微球B经乙醇、盐酸、去离子水洗涤干净后抽滤、干燥;
(d)将干燥后的树脂微球B均匀分散在火棉胶和无水乙醇混合液中,搅拌,得到超高交联吸附树脂微球。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,所述油相包括苯乙烯、交联剂、致孔剂和引发剂;所述水相包括分散剂和水;油相与水相的质量比为2:3。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,所述分散剂占水相质量的0.1%~2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,悬浮聚合反应的条件包括:转速40~500rpm,聚合温度由40℃升至60~70℃,升温速率为2℃/min,反应6~8h后,再将温度按梯度升高至75~90℃反应1h,其中的梯度升温是指1℃/min的升温速率。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,溶胀剂为二氯乙烷;后交联剂为戊二醛;催化剂包括三氯化铁、三氟化硼和四氯化锡中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,基体树脂微球A、溶胀剂、后交联剂和催化剂质量比为1:10:(0.5~1.5):0.3。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)中,所述火棉胶为硝基纤维素。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种超高交联吸附树脂微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)中,树脂微球B、火棉胶和无水乙醇的质量比为1:5:15;搅拌时间为5~10min。
9.一种超高交联吸附树脂微球,其特征在于,根据权利要求1~8任一项所述制备方法得到。
10.权利要求9所述超高交联吸附树脂微球在制备血液灌流器中的应用。
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