CN116099525A - 脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法及催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法及催化剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法及催化剂及其应用;制备方法包括如下步骤:称取钛酸四丁酯滴加至无水乙醇中,搅拌形成第一溶液;取冰醋酸、去离子水和硝酸盐加入至无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节pH值小于3.0,得到第二溶液;将第一溶液缓慢滴加至第二溶液中,滴加过程不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,再进行恒温水浴,得到湿凝胶;将湿凝胶经烘干、高温煅烧后,冷却得到目标催化剂;硝酸盐包括硝酸铈、硝酸锰、硝酸铁、硝酸钴、硝酸铬、硝酸银、硝酸锌中至少一种;上述目标催化剂可协同脉冲放电等离子体进行去除醋酸甲酯。本发明不仅制备过程简单,原料价廉易得,可有效提高醋酸甲酯的去除率,处理方法简单,且无需二次处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气净化技术领域,尤其涉及一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法及催化剂及其应用。
背景技术
在化工、制药、新能源等行业中,醋酸甲酯是一种常见的工业原料,但醋酸甲酯挥发性较强,在工业生成中会产生大量的有机废气,当这类废气浓度较高时,采用传统治理工艺效果会一般,无法满足废气排放要求,不仅会给企业带来安全隐患,同时也会污染大气和水质,影响着人类身体健康。
脉冲放电等离子体技术是通过前沿陡峭、脉宽窄的高压脉冲电源放电,在常温、常压下获得非平衡等离子体,即产生大量的高能电子和O、OH、N基等活性粒子,通过强氧化性的O、OH基进一步与有害物质分子进行氧化反应,将污染物氧化转化为无害物质如CO、CO2等,从而达标排放。由于该技术不仅工艺简单、能耗低,而且还具备效率高等优点,因而脉冲放电等离子体技术在气态污染物治理方面引起人们的关注并成为研究的热点。
目前,国内研究者对去除醋酸甲酯工业废气的研究较少,并且大都集中在吸收法,而吸收法需要对吸收后的吸收剂进行二次处理,步骤繁琐。因此开发一种制备工艺简单、催化活性较好能够有效在脉冲等离子体体系下对于醋酸甲酯进行治理的催化剂对于醋酸甲酯的去除具有极高的价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术中醋酸甲酯废气治理步骤繁琐,治理效果一般的问题,提供一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法及催化剂及其应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取钛酸四丁酯滴加至无水乙醇中,搅拌形成第一溶液;
S2、取冰醋酸、去离子水和硝酸盐加入至无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节pH值小于3.0,得到第二溶液;
S3、将第一溶液缓慢滴加至第二溶液中,滴加过程不断搅拌,使得钛酸丁酯水解,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,再进行恒温水浴,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将湿凝胶经烘干、高温煅烧后,冷却得到目标催化剂;
所述硝酸盐包括硝酸铈、硝酸锰、硝酸铁、硝酸钴、硝酸铬、硝酸银、硝酸锌中至少一种。
进一步地,步骤S1中所述钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:2~1:4,搅拌时间20~40min。
进一步地,硝酸盐占第二溶液的质量分数为0.5%,冰醋酸、去离子水与无水乙醇的体积比为2:5:10。
进一步地,步骤S3中第一溶液的滴加速度为1~2滴/秒,滴加完毕搅拌20~30min。
进一步地,步骤S3中恒温水浴温度50~60℃,水浴时间2.5~4h。
进一步地,步骤S4中烘干温度为70~90℃,烘干时间24~30h。
进一步地,步骤S4中煅烧温度为450~700℃,煅烧时间2~5h。
优选的,所述硝酸盐为硝酸银、硝酸钴、硝酸铁中任一种,步骤S1中所述钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:2,搅拌30min;步骤S3中滴加完毕搅拌30min,恒温水浴温度50℃,水浴时间3h;步骤S4中烘干温度为80℃,烘干时间24h;煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间4h。
本发明还提供一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂,采用上述制备方法制得。
本发明还提供上述催化剂在协同脉冲放电等离子体进行去除醋酸甲酯方面的应用。
本发明的优势在于:通过溶液-凝胶法制备掺杂金属的纳米级TiO2基催化剂,不仅制备过程简单,原料价廉易得,与脉冲放电等离子体技术相协同可有效提高醋酸甲酯的去除率,处理方法简单,且无需二次处理。同时该催化剂适合工业生产中大批量生产。
附图说明
图1为不同催化剂对应的醋酸甲酯气体去除效果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂采用溶液-凝胶法制备,以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,掺入不同的金属,制备得到纳米级TiO2基催化剂;在脉冲等离子的作用下,纳米级TiO2基催化剂表面迅速产生大量的Ti3+,掺杂的金属也能产生大量不同能级的金属离子,增加TiO2被电子激发后的跃迁途径,促进光生电子-空穴的产生,提高TiO2的的光催化活性;继而提高对醋酸甲酯的分解速率。
具体制备方法如下:
S1、称取钛酸四丁酯滴加至无水乙醇中,搅拌形成第一溶液;
S2、取冰醋酸、去离子水和硝酸盐加入至无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节pH值小于3.0,得到第二溶液;
S3、将第一溶液缓慢滴加至第二溶液中,滴加过程不断搅拌,使得钛酸丁酯水解,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,再进行恒温水浴,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将湿凝胶经烘干、高温煅烧后,冷却得到目标催化剂。
步骤S1中所述钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:2~1:4,搅拌时间20~40min。
步骤S2中所述硝酸盐为:硝酸铈、硝酸锰、硝酸铁、硝酸钴、硝酸铬、硝酸银、硝酸锌中至少一种;硝酸盐占第二溶液的质量分数为0.5%,冰醋酸、去离子水与无水乙醇的体积比为2:5:10。
步骤S3中第一溶液的滴加速度为1~2滴/秒,滴加完毕搅拌20~30min,恒温水浴温度50~60℃,水浴时间2.5~4h。
步骤S4中烘干温度为70~90℃,烘干时间24~30h;煅烧温度为450~700℃,煅烧时间2~5h。
以下通过几组具体的实施例,来进一步说明不同的硝酸盐添加对本发明的纳米级TiO2基催化剂催化活性的影响。
实施例1
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸铈固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例2
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸锰固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例3
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸钴固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例4
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸铁固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例5
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸铬固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例6
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸银固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
实施例7
脉冲等离子体协同催化剂的制备方法如下:
S1、在室温干燥的空气中量取10ml钛酸四丁酯,缓慢滴加到20ml无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌30min使之混合均匀,得到第一溶液;
S2、将4ml冰醋酸、10ml去离子水和质量分数为0.5%的硝酸锌固体加到另20ml无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节溶液pH≤3,得到第二溶液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的第一溶液缓慢滴加到第二溶液中,滴加过程中不断搅拌,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min,再于50℃恒温水浴3h,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将步骤S3得到的湿凝胶置于80℃下干燥24h,得到干凝胶,将干凝胶放入马弗炉中于500℃下煅烧4h。冷却至室温后即得催化剂。
对比例1
无催化剂。
将上述实施例和对比例制得的催化剂协同脉冲放电等离子体进行去除醋酸甲酯的催化活性评价,评价过程如下:
采用固定床反应器来进行评价,主要分为气体生成部分,等离子体反应部分以及尾气检测部分三个部分。气路分两路,一路是醋酸甲酯气体,再到混合瓶中与另一气路中的空气混合。通过调节空气和醋酸甲酯气体的流量来配制含有不同浓度的气体。
混合后的气体进反应器处理,在反应器两极施加足够高的电压使反应器内发生电晕放电,作用于一定流量、某一浓度的醋酸甲酯气体,产生大量的活性粒子,引发一系列的反应使醋酸甲酯分解。反应前后的气体用气相色谱仪测定醋酸甲酯气体的浓度,尾气通过活性炭吸收。
实验条件为:常温常压下,醋酸甲酯气体入口浓度300ppm,停留时间为3.6s,峰值电压范围10-20KV,电源频率450HZ。
不同催化剂对应的醋酸甲酯气体去除率的检测结果如图1和表1所示。
表1不同催化剂对应的醋酸甲酯气体去除率
上述测试结果表明:本发明的参杂有金属的TiO2对于醋酸甲酯气体具有良好的提高去除率的效果,相比于单纯的脉冲放电等离子体催化分解,同条件下的醋酸甲酯分解率至少提升一倍。其中实施例6得到的Ag/TiO2、实施例3得到的Co/TiO2、实施例4得到的Fe/TiO2催化效果更为优异,尤其Ag/TiO2在10KV的电压下,对醋酸甲酯的提高去除率可达87%。说明本发明的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂具有针对醋酸甲酯良好的催化去除效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专利的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述提示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取钛酸四丁酯滴加至无水乙醇中,搅拌形成第一溶液;
S2、取冰醋酸、去离子水和硝酸盐加入至无水乙醇中,剧烈搅拌,并调节pH值小于3.0,得到第二溶液;
S3、将第一溶液缓慢滴加至第二溶液中,滴加过程不断搅拌,使得钛酸丁酯水解,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,再进行恒温水浴,得到湿凝胶;
S4、将湿凝胶经烘干、高温煅烧后,冷却得到目标催化剂;
所述硝酸盐包括硝酸铈、硝酸锰、硝酸铁、硝酸钴、硝酸铬、硝酸银、硝酸锌中至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:2~1:4,搅拌时间20~40min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中硝酸盐占第二溶液的质量分数为0.5%,冰醋酸、去离子水与无水乙醇的体积比为2:5:10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中第一溶液的滴加速度为1~2滴/秒,滴加完毕搅拌20~30min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中恒温水浴温度50~60℃,水浴时间2.5~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中烘干温度为70~90℃,烘干时间24~30h。
7.根据权利要求6所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中煅烧温度为450~700℃,煅烧时间2~5h。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述硝酸盐为硝酸银、硝酸钴、硝酸铁中任一种,步骤S1中所述钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:2,搅拌30min;步骤S3中滴加完毕搅拌30min,恒温水浴温度50℃,水浴时间3h;步骤S4中烘干温度为80℃,烘干时间24h;煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间4h。
9.一种脉冲等离子体协同催化剂,其特征在于:采用权利要求1~8任一所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂制备方法制得。
10.如权利要求9所述的脉冲等离子体协同催化剂在协同脉冲放电等离子体进行去除醋酸甲酯方面的应用。
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