CN116098938A - 一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法及应用,其方法是在日粮中添加一定量的中草药制剂连续喂养产后的奶牛一段时间后,进行同期发情‑定时输精。本发明的处理方法,可有效提高产后奶牛同期发情率、配种率及受胎率,并能提高奶牛产奶量,采食量,降低体细胞数,降低乳房炎发病率,提高免疫力,加快产后生殖道恢复速度,改善乳品质,乳房保健、促生长、促进消化;且不需要检测发情,定时输精,操作方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧业奶牛繁殖技术领域,具体涉及一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量、促进消化、促生长、提高免疫力、减少乳房炎、产后恢复快、改善动物热应激、改善乳品质的处理方法。
背景技术
奶牛虽是常年发情家畜,但其繁殖性能易受环境、气候等因素的影响。夏季热应激,冬天冷应激会导致奶牛采食量下降,食欲降低,能量供需不平衡,产后乏情发病率高,产犊间隔长,免疫力下降,体细胞数提高,乳房炎发病率提高,影响繁殖性能。奶牛尤其是高产奶牛在产后的泌乳高峰期如遇到热应激,产后繁殖疾病,生殖道疾病易导致繁殖障碍发病率升高如异常发情、安静发情、排卵延迟、子宫内膜炎,子宫和生殖道炎症等,并会导致胚胎早期死亡率,卵巢疾病率增高,屡配不孕牛比例升高,影响牧场经济效益。
中草药制剂经过微生物发酵,不仅能提高动物生长性能,繁殖性能和免疫力,也是代替抗生素的理想选择,其应用前景十分广阔。中草药经提取后的药渣直接扔掉不仅造成资源浪费,对环境也造成污染,如何能有效利用是亟需解决的技术问题。中草药药渣是中药制药企业在生产过程中对中药材进行提取处理后产生的废渣,若处置不当,易腐败污染地表水,滋生蚊蝇传播疾病。但药渣又多来源于天然植物,富含磷、氮、钾等元素,具有良好的生物活性及安全性。因此,对药渣进行资源化利用,既可消除污染,又可广泛用于畜禽养殖、土壤改良等,形成良性循环。当前中药药渣处理过程中存在综合利用率不高和处置管理不规范等问题。
同期发情-定时输精技术在奶牛生产中已广泛应用,通过生殖激素不同组合,人为调控卵巢活动和控制发情周期和排卵时间,无需发情鉴定,操作简单,可显著提高奶牛受胎率。Ovsynch-TAI同期发情方案是在家畜繁殖中已广泛应用,但在乏情季节同期发情效果还不理想,表现为采食量下降,产奶量下降,情期受胎率显著下降,卵巢和生殖道机能恢复慢,产后乏情发病率高,产犊间隔长,免疫力下降,体细胞数提高,乳房炎发病率提高,胚胎早期死亡率升高,主要原因是热应激引起血液循环于体表,致使消化、生殖、泌乳系统的血液供应不足,进而影响消化、生殖和泌乳,产奶量大大降低,如何能有效提高奶牛的繁殖率和牛乳产量与质量是需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种中草药制剂的新用途,具体是采用中草药制剂能有效提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量、促进消化、促生长、降低体细胞数、减少乳房炎发病率、提高免疫力、改善乳品质,同时还提供了能大幅度提高产奶量和改善乳品质的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下的技术方案为:
一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法,对产后的奶牛在日粮中添加中草药制剂进行连续喂养一段时间后,进行同情发情-定时输精。
如上所述的处理方法,优选地,所述中草药制剂是由水提两次后的药渣发酵加工而成,药渣按重量份计包括党参10-20份,当归5-15份,黄芪15-25份,白芍10份,白术15-20份,甘草6-12份,茯苓5份,黄芩4.20份,川芎10份,丹参5份,杜仲5-10份和葛根5-15份,药渣混匀后,加入植物乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌,粪肠球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,地衣芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母,发酵获得。
进一步地,所述植物乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌,粪肠球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,地衣芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌按等比例混合,菌株总用量为药渣总量的0.8~2%,在温度为33~37℃、相对湿度在70%~80%的条件下,发酵6~9天后获得中草药制剂。
如上所述的处理方法,优选地,所述产后奶牛为产后15~25天的水牛,中草药制剂按每kg TMR日粮中添加0.5~1mg后作为日粮,中草药制剂喂养时间为25~35天。
进一步地,所述产后奶牛为产后20天的水牛,中草药制剂按每kg TMR日粮中添加0.75mg后作为日粮,中草药制剂喂养时间为30天。
一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1、选择产后第20天的奶牛,按一天补饲量为0.75kg/天/头添加日粮,连续喂30天,其中,将分娩当天记为0天;
S2、在产后第50天,记为奶牛同期发情处理第0天,向健康的处于发情周期的母牛肌肉注射促性腺素释放激素(GnRH),以诱导发情;
S3、第7天,肌肉注射氯前列醇钠(PGF2ɑ),以启动发情;
S4、第9天,第二次注射促性腺素释放激素(GnRH),同时注射米非司酮以促进排卵;
S5、第10天,注射米非司酮后16小时,实施人工输精;
S6、第15天,即人工输精后第5天肌肉注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG),以促进早期胚胎存活;
S7、第45天即在人工输精后第35天,用B超确定牛只妊娠情况。
如上所述的方法,优选地,在步骤S1中,所述中草药制剂按一天补饲量为0.75kg/天/头添加日粮。
如上所述的方法,优选地,在步骤S2和S4中,所述促性腺素释放激素(GnRH)的注射剂量为200μg/头。
如上所述的方法,优选地,在步骤S3中,所述注射氯前列醇钠是在步骤S2后第7天注射。进一步地,所述PGF2ɑ的注射剂量为0.5mg/头。
如上所述的方法,优选地,在步骤S4中,所述第二次注射促性腺素释放激素GnRH与第一次间隔9天;所述米非司酮的注射剂量为0.4mg/kg体重。
如上所述的方法,优选地,在步骤S6中,所述hCG的注射剂量为2000IU/头。
中草药制剂在提高奶牛配种受胎率及提高产奶量、促进消化、促生长、提高免疫力、改善乳品质中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的采用中草药制剂饲喂奶牛,不仅能提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量,还能促进消化、促生长、提高奶牛免疫力、改善乳品质。本发明提供的采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量处理方法,将中草药制剂和GPGMH同期发情方法有机结合,促进消化系统、生殖系统和泌乳系统的血液循环,增加能量摄入,缓解能量负平衡,提高采食量,进而促进卵泡发育和排卵,不仅可以提高奶牛的同期发情率、配种率及受胎率,而且可以显著提高奶牛产奶量,采食量,改善乳成分,乳房保健、促生长;减少乳房炎发病率,加快产后生殖道恢复速度,改善乳品质;总固形物,乳糖含量,蛋白质含量及乳脂率均有显著提高,进而节约养殖成本,提高养殖效益。
本发明提供了中草药制剂的一种新用途,如果在饲料中添加中草药制剂可以促进血液循环,通过促进消化道、生殖道和泌乳系统的血液循环,改善消化,缓解能量负平衡,进而促进卵泡发育和排卵、促进泌乳,健胃消食,促生长,降过料,强身固本,有效缓解应激,有效预防牛犊呼吸道感染,腹泻等;能有效调理肠道,促进肠道益生菌群生长增强消化吸收,减少过料,增效减排等;养母牛的效果更好;拓宽了中草药制剂的利用率。
附图说明
图1为采用中草药制剂+GPGMH同期发情定时输精的流程图。图2为荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药制剂对卵泡发育规律的影响。
图3为补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对产奶性能的影响。
图4为补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对产后母牛采食量的影响。
图5为补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对健康母牛产后子宫复旧的影响。
图6为补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对子宫炎症母牛产后子宫复旧的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明中所用的中草药制剂为一种中草药发酵饲料,它是以中药提取后的药渣为底物,在一定温度、湿度下,通过接种中药发酵优势益生菌群使之进行发酵,而形成的一种营养丰富,利用率高,适口性好,复合酶、有机酸、异黄酮、免疫多糖、益生菌和有机铁含量高,具有药学功效的生物饲料。
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的前提下,对本发明所作的修饰或者替换,均属于本发明的范畴。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,除另有规定,本发明中所用的药渣由陇西华创生物科技股份有限公司提供,菌种可采用市购产品,所用试剂均为分析纯或以上规格。
实施例1
中草药制剂是中药材经水提两次后的药渣发酵加工而成,药渣按重量份计准备:党参15份,当归10份,黄芪20份,白芍10份,白术17份,甘草10份,茯苓5份,黄芩4.20份,川芎10份,丹参5份,杜仲10份,葛根10份。
中草药制剂发酵菌种采用植物乳杆菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),嗜酸乳杆菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),粪肠球菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),枯草芽孢杆菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),地衣芽孢杆菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),凝结芽孢杆菌(≥0.2×108CFU/g),酿酒酵母(≥0.2×108CFU/g),总活菌≥1.3×108CFU/g。
将上述准备的药渣进行混合均匀后,加入发酵菌种,上述各菌种按等比例加入,发酵菌种的用量为中药材药渣总重量的1%,混合均匀,在温度为35~37℃、相对湿度在70%~80%的条件下,发酵8天后获得中草药制剂。
将上述获得中草药制剂的成品进行检测,结果分别为色泽(深棕色),气味(药香),水分(39.20%),灰分(4.20%),粗蛋白(8.60%),粗纤维(25.90%),粗多糖(2.18g/100g),粗脂肪(2.4%),膳食纤维(60.00%),活菌总数(5.4×108CFU/g),黄曲霉毒素B1(未检出),大肠杆菌(未检出),沙门氏菌(未检出),铅(未检出),砷(0.419mg/kg),氟(12mg/kg),汞(0.036mg/kg),乳酸菌(1.3×107CFU/g),总黄酮(0.8%),霉菌总数(1.8×103CFU/g)。
该中草药制剂主要营养指标:总黄酮≥500mg/kg,多酚≥500mg/kg,类胡萝卜素≥50mg/kg,多糖≥20000mg/kg,总酸≥38000mg/kg,粗蛋白≥8.0%,总皂苷≥17000mg/kg,甘草酸≥200mg/kg,膳食纤维≥60.0%。
在试验前期为了研究具体哪些中草药制成的中草药制剂对繁殖性能和生产性能的影响,通过将奶牛进行分组,进行不同中草药制剂对繁殖性能和生产性能的测试,实验结果如下表1。
表1奶牛日粮中添加不同分组和不同制备中草药制剂对繁殖性能和生产性能的影响
结果表明由含有党参,当归,黄芪,茯苓,甘草,白芍,川芎,黄芩,丹参,杜仲,葛根制成的中草药制剂,能有效促进奶牛采食量27.75±1.6kg/天,产奶量35.5±3.4kg/天,受胎率70.0%(21/30),降低体细胞数23.22×104,减少乳房炎发病率。
采用上述制备的中草药制剂进一步在草滩牧业华阴第一奶牛场进行了验证试验,每天的中草药制剂添加量按基础日粮0.2%进行添加,使用效果见表2。
表2草滩牧业华阴第一奶牛场应用实证
研究发现,将由含有党参,当归,黄芪,茯苓,甘草,白芍,川芎,黄芩、丹参,杜仲,葛根成分并经复合菌剂发酵制成的中草药制剂,使用3个月后能有效提高奶牛产奶量达到41吨/d。蹄病明显减少,体细胞数量从31×104下降到28×104、减少乳房炎发病率,奶质提升。医药费从0.2元/头.d下降到0.1元/头·d,降低成本,提高养殖场生产效益。
对产奶量的影响:使用3周,中草药制剂可以使周平均产奶量多增0.4kg;使用1个月时,使121-150天、151-200天、201-250天各泌乳期内奶牛抗应激力与产奶恢复能力增强,产奶量基本保持稳定,缓解下降趋势,降幅低于对照组,产量比对照组少降0.17-0.67kg,相当于多产0.17-0.67kg奶量。其中对121-150天的产奶稳定效果最好。
对奶品质的影响:中草药制剂使用1个月,乳脂率多增0.125%,奶损失少0.085kg/头/天,经济损失少0.5元/头/天,体细胞数相对多减6.2万/mL,校正奶量多增2kg/头/天,奶品质和产奶能力提升。
结果说明:上述制备的中草药制剂适口性好,增加奶产量、提高采食量和消化功能,减少乳房炎、抗应激能力更强、减少肢蹄病、明显改善奶牛粪便形态和瘤胃更健康,提高乳品质、产后恢复快,明显提高生产性能、免疫力和抗病力、提高繁殖力。
实施例2
本实施例通过对产后奶牛,研究中草药制剂对奶牛卵泡发育、发情率和受胎率、泌乳和血液生化指标的影响,中草药制剂为实施例1制备的产品。
在河北唐山的奶牛场,选择体况良好的健康围产前期奶牛117头,选择产后20天的(分娩当天记为0天)母牛,分成四组(注意体重,年龄、胎次、产奶量等指标在各组均衡分配),每天分别在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂四组分别按0、0.5、0.75、1kg/天/头(依据给料次数确定每次TMR中的给量,先与精料搅拌均匀后,再放入TMR车中,确保搅拌均匀),连续饲喂30天。试验Ⅰ组在产后开始,每天在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂0.5kg/天/头,从产后20天开始至产后50天,连续补饲30天;Ⅱ组在产后开始,每天在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂0.75kg/天/头,从产后20天开始至产后50天,连续补饲30天;Ⅲ组在产后开始,每天在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂1kg/天/头,从产后20天开始至产后50天,连续补饲30天;对照组不添加中草药制剂。产后第50天计为奶牛同期发情处理第0天,下午肌肉注射GnRH,第7天下午肌肉注射氯前列醇钠PGF2ɑ,第9天下午第二次肌肉注射GnRH,同时注射米非司酮,第10天下午(注射米非司酮后16小时)进行人工输精,第15天(即人工输精后第5天)对接受配种的牛只肌肉注射hCG,第45天(即人工输精后第35天)用B超确定牛只妊娠情况,分别测定奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分、血清生化指标、血常规、抗氧化指标、农药残留,安全性检测,乳房炎恢复率,产后生殖道恢复,粪便变化,发情率、排卵率和受胎率。
具体操作如下:
选择产后(分娩当天记为0天)第20天的荷斯坦母牛,分成4组(注意体重,年龄、胎次、产奶量等指标在各组均衡分配),每天分别在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂(0、0.5、0.75、1kg/天/头)(依据给料次数确定每次TMR中的给量,先与精料搅拌均匀后,再放入TMR车中,确保搅拌均匀),饲喂30天。产后第50天,计为奶牛同期发情处理第0天,下午肌肉注射GnRH(按200μg/头),B超检查从第6天(PGF2ɑ注射前一天)至第12天排卵为止(即第二次注射GnRH后72h),记录卵泡发育及发情、排卵状况;结果见表1,第7天下午肌肉注射PGF2ɑ,按0.5mg/头注射,第9天下午(注射PGF2ɑ后48小时)第二次肌肉注射GnRH(200μg/头),同时注射米非司酮,第10天下午(注射米非司酮后16小时)进行人工输精,第15天(即人工输精后第5天)对接受配种的牛只肌肉注射hCG。考虑胚胎早期死亡的问题,妊娠诊断在人工输精后第35天进行,整个流程示意图如图1所示。
1.1补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对奶牛卵泡发育的影响
对不同用量中草药制剂的小组,分别测定水牛卵泡发育和发情持续时间的影响结果,具体对所有实验牛GPGMH同期发情处理后每天两次B超检测发情,排卵时间得到这些数据,各组取平均值,结果见表3。从表3的实验结果说明荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药制剂,中剂量组(0.75kg/天/头)最大卵泡直径(16.7±4.0mm)显著(p<0.05)大于空白组(中草药制剂为0的一组,13.9±2.4mm),但是其它剂量组没有显著差异。不同组之间第二次注射GnRH至排卵间隔、第二次GnRH至发情间隔时间、发情持续时间均无差异显著(p>0.05),说明补饲中草药制剂对奶牛同期发情处理无不良影响。
表3补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对奶牛卵泡发育和发情持续时间的影响
注:同一指标,同行肩注的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
1.2中草药制剂对同期发情处理后奶牛发情率、排卵率和受胎率的影响
补饲不同剂量中草药制剂的奶牛发情率、排卵率、受胎率和卵泡生长速度见表4,表明在荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加0.75kg/天中草药制剂可有效提高奶牛发情率、排卵率、受胎率和卵泡生长速度,其中,中剂量组(0.75kg/天)中草药制剂,荷斯坦奶牛发情率为89.7%(26/29),排卵率为82.8%(24/29),受胎率为72.4%(21/29),最大卵泡速度达到0.6824mm/day,显著(p<0.05)高于其他剂量组。
荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药制剂预处理后,采用GPGMH同期发情程序诱导奶牛发情,研究同期发情处理后卵泡发育规律,结果见图2,结果表明,中剂量组(0.75kg/天)的卵泡发育比较规律(p>0.05)。综上所述,补饲不同剂量中草药制剂保护卵泡、卵巢、子宮细胞。提高受胎率、缩短发情间隔。提高配种受胎率、促进胚胎发育、安胎保胎、促进发情。
表4补饲不同剂量中草药制剂的奶牛发情率、排卵率、受胎率和卵泡生长速度
注:同一指标,同行肩注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
1.3奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对产奶量的影响
荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药制剂后,奶牛的日产奶量见表5,结果表明,添加中草药制剂后9天起,中剂量(0.75kg/天)组奶牛日产奶量显著高于其它剂量组和对照组(P<0.05),比对照组提高了30.76%。说明产后在荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂能够提高产奶量,其中从分娩当天后开始在日粮中每天添加中剂量(0.75kg/天)中草药制剂产奶曲线较为平稳,产量稳定,第二周平均产奶量增加0.9kg,接近预期目标1~1.5kg,对提高产奶量有更显著的效果(见图3)。
表5不同剂量中草药制剂后各期奶牛的日产奶量
注:同一指标,同行肩注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
1.4日粮中添加中草药制剂对奶牛血清生化指标的影响
不同剂量中草药制剂饲喂奶牛后奶牛的血清生化指标结果见表6,结果显示,中草药制剂饲喂后第15天和第30天(免疫球蛋白G、A、M、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、碱性磷酸梅、乳酸脱氢酶、总胆汁酸、葡萄糖、尿酸、甘油三脂、钾等指标各处理组和对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。中草药制剂饲喂后第15天,中剂量(0.75kg/天)和高剂量(1kg/天)处理组总蛋白、总胆固醇、钠、离子钙、磷水平显著高于对照组和低剂量处理组(P<0.05);各剂量处理组奶牛白蛋白/球蛋白、总胆红素、水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各处理组间无显著差异;中剂量(0.75kg/天)处理组磷酸肌酸激酶显著高于低剂量处理组(0.5kg/天)和对照组(P<0.05)。中草药制剂饲喂后第30天,中剂量(0.75kg/天)处理组总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇、钠、氯、离子钙、镁水平显著高于对照组和其他剂量处理组(P<0.05);高剂量(1kg/天)组奶牛白蛋白/球蛋白、总胆红素、水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)和各处理组。
尽管一般情况下奶牛热应激和冷应激期间处于能量负平衡,但热应激和冷应激抑制脂肪分解并维持奶牛体内低血糖水平,而脂蛋白酯酶参与脂肪分解,各剂量组的脂蛋白酯酶均显著高于对照组,且中剂量组(0.75kg/天)和高剂量组(1kg/天)的血糖显著高于对照组和低剂量组(0.5kg/天),表明中草药制剂能够促进脂肪分解,并通过糖异生提高血糖。磷酸肌酸激酶和淀粉酶的变化则表明组织代谢恢复正常。各剂量组的免疫球蛋白G、A、M含量增加的趋势,表明能够提高免疫力。各剂量组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆汁酸、葡萄糖含量逐渐降低。谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与谷草转氨酶(AST)的血清浓度反映了肝脏的受损程度。所以,ALT和AST升高的程度与肝细胞受损的程度相一致,本实验ALT和AST浓度降低,可见,中草药制剂具有保护肝脏,助于体内毒素排出,解毒。综上所述,在非繁殖季节日粮添加中草药制剂两周后,能明显提高血液中免疫球蛋白含量,提高免疫力,促进血清蛋白质合成,促进造血,能够促进血液循环,促进消化,和缓解能量负平衡负面影响,维持奶牛的代谢功能,增强免疫力,促进消化和代谢,提高奶牛的产奶量。
表6不同剂量中草药制剂饲喂奶牛后奶牛的血清生化指标
注:同一指标,同行肩注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
1.5奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对乳成分的影响
对饲喂中草药制剂后的第15天和第30天后,测其产奶的乳成分。结果见表7。
表7补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对奶牛乳成分的影响
注:同一指标,同行肩注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
结果表明,在补饲中草药制剂第15天和30天,补饲中草药制剂对乳脂率、蛋白率、乳糖、非乳脂固体、尿素氮、体细胞数、均无显著影响,乳脂量、乳蛋白量和乳糖量虽然都有高于对照组的趋势,但也无显著差异,其中低剂量组(0.5kg/天)总固含量有显著高于其他剂量组。在补饲中草药制剂第30天,高剂量组(1kg/天)和中剂量组(0.75kg/天)总固含量显著低于(P<0.05)对照组和低剂量组(0.5kg/天);对照组尿素氮显著高于低剂量组(0.5kg/天)(P<0.05)。
低剂量组(0.5kg/天)非乳脂固体含量显著高于中剂量组(0.75kg/天)和高剂量组(1kg/天)(P<0.05);补饲中草药制剂在第15天和第30天的低剂量(0.5kg/天)组和中剂量(0.75kg/天)组的乳脂率高于对照组和高剂量(1kg/天)组。在试验期间乳蛋白质率和体细胞数无显著变化。综上所述,产后母牛补饲中草药制剂改善乳品质、降低体细胞数、减少乳房炎发病率。
1.6奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对粪样的影响
对采用中草药制剂饲喂后第15天和第30天奶牛的粪样,进行分析检测。结果见表8。
表8补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对奶牛粪样的影响
注:同一指标,同行肩注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
结果表明,在补饲中草药制剂第15天和30天,补饲中草药制剂对干物质、水分、粗蛋白、酸洗纤维、中洗纤维、木质素、NDF240小时不可消化率、淀粉、总脂肪酸、Ca、P、Mg、K均无显著影响,干物质、NDF240小时不可消化率、淀粉TFA、灰分虽然都有高于对照组的趋势,但也无显著差异,其中低剂量组(0.75kg/天)灰分含量有显著高于其他剂量组。综上所述,产后母牛补饲中草药制剂两周后采食量明显增加,提高消化功能、粪便变干,臭味变淡,变柴,且冲洗后残留物明显变少。
1.7奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对血常规的影响
对采用中草药制剂饲喂后第15天和第30天奶牛的血液,进行血常规分析检测,结果见表9。
表9补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对奶血常规的影响
注:同一指标,同行肩注的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
结果表明,在补饲中草药制剂第15天和30天,补饲中草药制剂对白细胞总数、淋巴细胞比率、中间细胞比率、粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞、中间细胞、粒细胞、红细胞总数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、血红蛋白含量、血红蛋白浓度,红细胞分布宽度、血小板总数、血小板平均体积、血小板压积虽然都有高于对照组的趋势,但也无显著差异,其低剂量组(0.5kg/天)血红蛋白(HGB)含量有显著高于其他剂量组。综上所述,产后母牛补饲中草药制剂两周后血红蛋白明显增加,提高体液免疫、细胞免疫、非特疫免疫功能,增强动物抵抗力,促进造血,快速改善心肌缺血和缺氧,提高机体免疫力和抵抗力,促进血液循环,有效缓解应激,有效预防牛犊呼吸道感染,腹泻等。
1.8奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对采食量的影响
对采用中草药制剂饲喂30天内,奶牛的采食量进行分析检测,结果见表10。
表10补饲不同剂量的中草药制剂对采食量的影响
结果表明,在补饲中草药制剂30天,剂量组采食量虽然都有高于对照组的趋势,但也无显著差异。说明产后在荷斯坦奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂能够提高采食量,其中从分娩当天后开始在日粮中每天添加中剂量(0.75kg/天)中草药制剂,对提高采食量有更显著的效果(见表8和图4)。综上所述,中草药制剂补饲两周后,采食量明显增加,促进采食、改善瘤胃功能、抗应激、粪便变干,臭味变淡,变柴,且冲洗后残留物明显变少。说明中草药制剂能有效促进吸收降低过料,减排增效,强身固本,促进消化,提高采食量。
试验旨在研究中草药添加剂对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重(40.0±5.0)kg的哺乳期荷斯坦犊牛60头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头牛。试验1组犊牛饲喂基础日粮(对照组),试验2组、试验3组、试验4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%中草药添加剂。试验期56d。结果显示:试验3组犊牛的平均日增重和平均日采食量分别比对照组显著提高5.51%和2.28%(P<0.05),试验3组犊牛的料重比比对照组显著降低3.15%(P<0.05)。各试验组犊牛的干物质消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验3组、试验4组犊牛的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验3组、试验4组犊牛的尿素氮、甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各试验组犊牛血清的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各试验组犊牛的白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。
研究表明,哺乳期犊牛日粮中添加女贞子、蒲公英、益母草、麦芽等4味中草药制成的中草药饲料添加剂能够促进犊牛对饲料中营养物质的消化利用率,提高犊牛的平均日增重和平均日采食量,降低料重比,改善机体代谢水平,增强免疫力,提高抗病能力。
1.9奶牛日粮中添加中草药制剂对产后子宫复旧的影响
产后第十天开始每天两次用B超来检测产后母牛子宫复旧情况(包括子宫颈直径(mm),孕角直径(mm),空角直径(mm),一直检测到子宫复旧为止,然后刚开始到子宫复旧直径变化规律做个曲线图得到如图5和图6。结果表明,在产后开始补饲中草药制剂30天,健康杂交水牛产后子宫颈,孕角,空角的复旧时间分别为33.6±2.4天、36.8±3.4天和31.6±1.8天,子宫炎症水牛分别为43.1±5.2天、45.6±6.8天,39.6±5.7天,补饲中草药制剂30天后促进健康和子宫炎症奶牛产后生殖机能恢复和子宫复旧速度。
综上所述,中草药制剂能有效促进新产奶牛产后生殖机能恢复速度和繁殖率,提前产后第一次发情时间和发情率,促进新产牛产后子宫复旧速度、减少产科疾病发病率、降低体细胞数、降低乳房炎发病率、保护免疫系统,激活免疫细胞促进伤口愈合,快速恢复体质,提高免疫力,减少疾病发生。
实施例3
一种日粮中添加中草药制剂用于提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量、促进消化、促生长、提高免疫力、改善乳品质及质量的处理方法,选择健康,没有生殖道疾病的奶牛,可按流程如图1所述进行,具体方案如下:
选择产后(分娩当天为0天)第20天的母牛,每天在TMR日粮中添加中草药制剂0.75kg/天/头的日粮,饲喂30天。
第0天:在产后第50天(第一周),向一个或多个健康的处于发情周期的奶牛星期一下午15:00肌肉注射第一次GnRH,注射剂量为200μg/头,以诱导发情。
第6天:产后第56天,B超检查从同期发情的第6天(PGF2ɑ注射前一天)至第12天排卵为止(即注射GnRH后72h),记录卵泡发育及发情、排卵状况。
第7天:在产后第57天(第二周),星期一下午15:00肌肉注射PGF2ɑ,注射剂量为0.5mg/头,溶解黄体,以启动发情。
第9天:在产后第59天(第二周),星期三下午15:00肌肉注射第二次GnRH(200μg/头),同时肌肉注射米非司酮(0.4mg/kg)以促进排卵。
第10天:在产后第60天(第二周),星期四上午8:00进行人工输精。
第15天:在产后第65天(第三周),星期二下午15:00(即人工授精后第5天),对接受配种的牛只肌肉注射hCG(2000IU/头),以促进早期胚胎存活率。
第45天:在产后第100天(第六周,星期五)(即人工授精后第35天)上午10:00利用B超进行妊娠诊断。
需要注意的是:
1.每天日粮中添加中草药制剂是用TMR均匀混合,从产后第20天开始至产后第50天,连续补饲中草药制剂30天。
2.试验前做直肠检查,有生殖道疾病的牛(两侧子宫角大小不对称、卵泡囊肿,卵巢囊肿,子宫角较大、有炎症)不能用于试验。
3.每次人工授精之前,用酒精消毒输精抢,高锰酸钾消毒液(0.1mol/L)消毒外阴部分,人工授精人员确保手指甲剪短;切实掌握好输精技术,使用一次性输精枪套。
4.精液解冻时动作迅速,解冻温度为37.5摄氏度,显微镜检查精子活力,解冻后精子活力高于0.3。
5.严禁使用过期的激素;注射使用一次性注射器。
6.注意观察牛的发情、排卵情况,做好记录。
7.严格按方案执行。
上述的同期发情定时输精方案操作,因为考虑胚胎早期死亡的问题,首次妊娠诊断是通过观察牛只是否返情确定,为进一步提高诊断准确率,妊娠诊断是在人工输精后第35天,利用B超确定牛只妊娠情况并记录。
上述利用本发明在非繁殖季节产后奶牛补饲中草药制剂结合GPGMH同期发情处理可以提高繁殖性能母牛发情率,排卵率、受胎率分别为89.7%(26/29),82.8%(24/29),72.4%(21/29)。而利用传统的GPG同期发情方案处理奶牛(即不添加中草药制剂进行饲喂),母牛发情率,排卵率、受胎率分别为63.0%,55.6%,33.3%。生产性能方面,产奶量在中草药制剂添加第9天,中剂量组0.75kg/天/头升高(P>0.05),比对照组提高了30.76%。
奶牛产后第20天开始至产后50天补饲中草药制剂在每天TMR中添加0.75kg/天中草药制剂的日粮效果最好(P<0.05)。产后母牛中草药制剂补饲30天可以显著提高乳蛋白质率、乳脂率、乳糖率等指标,乳中尿素氮水平降低,血糖水平升高,提高采食量,提高免疫力,促生长,促进消化,增加血液循环,提高奶牛的产奶性能。
本发明提供的中草药制剂的中药饲料添加剂,非常适合奶牛,肉牛。主要效果包括:
1.有效降低牛犊腹泻,呼吸道感染,提高断奶牛犊成活率及断奶后增重量。
2.促进新产母牛子宫复旧,卵泡发育,降低乳房炎患病率,增加产奶量。
3.生殖系统,产科疾病预防。
4.健胃消食,调肠道促吸收降过料,增效明显。
5.扶正固本,系统持续提升免疫力。
6.对新产奶牛产后生殖机能恢复和繁殖率,对新产牛产后子宫复旧、产科疾病发病率、发情率和配种受胎率等效果明显。使用两周后,采食量明显增加,粪便变干,臭味变淡,变柴,且冲洗后残留物明显变少。
7.中草药制剂能有效调理肠道,促进肠道益生菌群生长促进消化吸收,减少过料,增效减排;养母牛的效果更好,对产后恶露,黑斑,乳房炎,产后恢复保健效果明显,有效预防子宫内膜炎等。
可见,本发明的方法可显著提高奶牛繁殖率。而且,本发明操作比较方便,不需要进行发情鉴定,是一种程序化的同期发情定时输精方案,便于推广应用。
Claims (10)
1.一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的处理方法,对产后的奶牛在日粮中添加不同组分和不同制备方法的中草药制剂进行连续喂养一段时间后,进行同情发情-定时输精。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述中草药制剂是由水提两次后的药渣发酵加工而成,药渣按重量份计包括党参10-20份,当归5-15份,黄芪15-25份,白芍10份,白术15-20份,甘草6-12份,茯苓5份,黄芩4.20份,川芎10份,丹参5份,杜仲5-10份和葛根5-15份,药渣混匀后,加入植物乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌,粪肠球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,地衣芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母,发酵获得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述产后奶牛为产后15~25天的水牛,中草药制剂按每kg TMR日粮中添加0.5~1mg后作为日粮,中草药制剂喂养时间为25~35天。
4.一种采用中草药制剂提高奶牛繁殖率和产奶量的方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1、选择产后第20天的奶牛,按一天补饲量为0.5~1kg/天/头添加日粮,连续喂30天,其中,将分娩当天记为0天;
S2、在产后第50天,记为奶牛同期发情处理第0天,向健康的处于发情周期的母牛肌肉注射促性腺素释放激素;
S3、第7天,肌肉注射氯前列醇钠;
S4、第9天,第二次注射促性腺素释放激素,同时注射米非司酮以促进排卵;
S5、第10天,注射米非司酮后16小时,实施人工输精;
S6、第15天,即人工输精后第5天肌肉注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素;
S7、第45天即在人工输精后第35天,用B超确定牛只妊娠情况。
5.根据权利要求4所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述中草药制剂按一天补饲量为0.75kg/天/头添加日粮。
6.根据权利要求4所述的处理方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2和S4中,所述促性腺素释放激素的注射剂量为200μg/头。
7.根据权利要求4所述的处理方法,其特征在于,在步骤S3中,所述注射氯前列醇钠是在步骤S2后第7天注射。
8.根据权利要求4所述的处理方法,其特征在于,在步骤S4中,所述第二次注射促性腺素释放激素GnRH与第一次间隔9天。
9.根据权利要求4所述的处理方法,其特征在于,在步骤S6中,所述hCG的注射剂量为2000IU/头。
10.中草药制剂在提高奶牛配种受胎率及提高产奶量、促进消化、促生长、提高免疫力、改善乳品质中的应用。
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