CN116078366A - 一种铝基氧化物掺杂二氧化钛及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种铝基氧化物掺杂二氧化钛及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于环境化学技术领域，提供了一种铝基氧化物掺杂二氧化钛及其应用。该铝基氧化物掺杂二氧化钛采用以下方法制备：搅拌条件下向待处理水中投加掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂，继续搅拌、沉降后获得铝钛基污泥；将铝钛基污泥干燥、粉碎，然后煅烧得到铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛。本发明将富铝钛污泥采用一步煅烧制备铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛，操作方法简单，绿色可行。制得的产品比表面积大、吸附性能好，且光催化性能优异。本发明的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛在水体的处理中有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境化学技术领域，具体涉及一种铝基氧化物掺杂二氧化钛及其应用。
背景技术
二氧化钛是光催化技术中常用的催化剂，其适用范围广、降解条件温和；制备简单、成本低，化学性能稳定；对水体中污染物降解比较彻底，能够有效将其矿化为水和二氧化碳，二次污染小，在环境治理和环境修复中占有重要地位。二氧化钛通常采用电化学法、溶剂热法、气相沉积法、液相沉积法、水热法、非水解溶胶-凝胶法、溶胶-凝胶法等制备。市售的二氧化钛P25是在1200℃以上高温、氧气和氢气气氛下水解TiCl4制得。近年来，许多研究利用半导体复合、离子掺杂、贵金属沉积、表面光敏化等技术对二氧化钛的光催化性能进行强化。
水体中的污染物的去除也常采用吸附的方法进行，但仅靠吸附作用不能将污染物完全去除，只是将污染物从水体中转移到了吸附剂中，将污染物吸附并降解是行之有效的治理策略。传统的吸附剂通常为碳基材料，无法吸附污染物后将其降解，且循环性能差。因此，寻找一种吸附和光催化降解性能良好的催化剂对水环境中污染物的去除具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对缺乏能够同时吸附和降解污染物的吸附剂的问题，本发明提供一种铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛，能够提高吸附和光催化效能。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂；
（2）搅拌条件下向待处理水中投加（1）中的净水剂，继续搅拌、沉降后获得铝钛基污泥；
（3）将铝钛基污泥干燥、粉碎，然后煅烧得到铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛；
所述煅烧温度为200-1000ºC，煅烧时间为2-12 h，升温速率为5℃/min。
所述掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
i）四氯化钛溶液加入到氯化铝溶液中，使Al和Ti的摩尔比为1:1；
ii）加入碳酸钠溶液调节碱化度（OH-/Al3+）为0.5-1.5。
所述待处理水为城市污水处理厂二沉池出水。
所述掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂投加量为5-40 mg/L。
步骤（2）中，搅拌是为了防止待处理水中悬浮物沉降进行的快速搅拌；优选的，转速为150-200 r/min。
步骤（2）中，继续搅拌是为了净水剂充分与待处理水接触进行的低速搅拌；优选的，转速为20-50 r/min。
步骤（3）中，干燥温度为100-105℃；粉碎后的粒径为不大于100 μm。
一种上述制备方法获得的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛。
一种上述铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛在水处理中的应用。
本发明具有以下优点：
本发明将富铝钛污泥采用简单的一步煅烧即获得铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛，操作方法简单，绿色可行。采用该方法制得的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛与市售二氧化钛光催化剂相比，比表面积大，吸附性能明显增强，且光催化性能优异。该铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛在水体的处理中有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的XRD图谱；
图2为铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛与市售二氧化钛P25吸附四环素的效果对比图；
图3为铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛与市售二氧化钛P25光催化降解四环素的效果对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的制备
（1）铝基化合物掺杂的钛基盐净水剂的制备
将20%的四氯化钛溶液逐滴加入到10g Al /L的氯化铝溶液中，Al/Ti摩尔比为1:1；随后逐滴滴加50 g/L的碳酸钠溶液，使碱化度（OH-/Al3+）为1.0，得到掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂；
（2）铝钛基污泥的制备
市政中水在200 r/min搅拌下投加20 mg/L的掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂，继续搅拌1 min，之后以40 r/min搅拌15 min，最后沉降15 min；沉淀后移出上清液，获得钛铝基污泥；
（3）铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的制备：
i）将上述污泥在100-105℃恒温烘箱烘干12 h，之后研磨成粉末，研磨后的粉末颗粒粒径不大于100 μm；
ii）将上述污泥粉末分别放入200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃和1000℃的管式炉中在氮气保护下煅烧2 h，升温速率为5℃/min，将所制备的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛记为Al-TiO2其XRD图谱如图1a，比表面积参数见表1。
实施例2 铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的制备
将实施1中的铝钛基污泥粉末放入100℃、200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃和1000℃的马弗炉中在空气条件下煅烧12 h，升温速率为5℃/min，所制备的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛XRD图谱如图1b。
表1 不同温度煅烧制备的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛和市售二氧化钛P25的比表面积参数
由表1数据可知，铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的比表面积和孔容显著高于二氧化钛P25。
应用例1 铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛对四环素的吸附
用实施例1制备的掺杂二氧化钛（200℃-N2）与市售二氧化钛P25分别作为吸附剂处理25 mg/L的四环素模拟水样，吸附剂的投加量为1 g/L，吸附过程温度保持在25±1℃，转速为200 r/min，吸附剂投加后开始计时，搅拌吸附60 min，并分析水样中四环素残留。如图2所示：制得的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛与市售二氧化钛P25相比，吸附性能得到了明显提升，能吸附约82%的四环素。这是因为铝的氧化物的存在提供了吸附位点，且在N2的保护下，产物中保留了更多的碳，活性位点的数量和吸附强度较高。
同样的方法测定其他温度下煅烧的掺杂二氧化钛，发现随着煅烧温度的升高，掺杂二氧化钛比表面积降低，吸附性能也随之下降，1000℃下制备的掺杂二氧化钛吸附性比P25的高出约10%，故较低温煅烧可获得吸附性能更好的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛。
应用例2 铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛对四环素的光催化降解
用实施例2制备的掺杂二氧化钛（600℃）与市售二氧化钛P25分别作为光催化剂处理25 mg/L的四环素模拟水样，光催化剂的投加量为0.5 g/L，光催化实验首先经过1 h的暗反应以达到吸附平衡，以400 W的高压汞灯作为紫外光源，反应器周围添加冷却水循环系统，使光催化反应过程中温度保持在25±1℃。四环素的去除效果如图3所示：铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛在前1 h的吸附过程能够吸附约20%的四环素，光照1 h后四环素的去除率能达到80%以上，性能显著优于市售二氧化钛P25。
同样的方法测定其他温度下煅烧的掺杂二氧化钛，发现随着煅烧温度的升高，掺杂二氧化钛结晶越好，光催化能力越强。虽然100℃下制备的掺杂二氧化钛吸附性能良好，在前1 h的暗反应阶段能吸附约70%的四环素，但100℃下制备的掺杂二氧化钛没有晶型结构，光催化响应能力差，不及市售二氧化钛P25。
Claims (9)
1.一种铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂；
（2）搅拌条件下向待处理水中投加（1）中的净水剂，继续搅拌、沉降后获得铝钛基污泥；
（3）将铝钛基污泥干燥、粉碎，然后煅烧得到铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛；
所述煅烧温度为200-1000ºC，煅烧时间为2-12 h，升温速率为5℃/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
i）四氯化钛溶液加入到氯化铝溶液中，使Al和Ti的摩尔比为1:1；
ii）加入碳酸钠溶液调节碱化度为0.5-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述待处理水为城市污水处理厂二沉池出水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述掺杂铝基化合物的钛基盐净水剂投加量为5-40 mg/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，搅拌的转速为150-200 r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，继续搅拌的转速为20-50r/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，干燥温度为100-105℃；粉碎后的粒径为不大于100 μm。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法获得的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的铝基氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛在水处理中的应用。
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