CN116059292A - 调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺 - Google Patents
调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺。所述中药组合物,包括如下组分:生黄芪、西洋参、茯苓、葶苈子、车前子、瓜蒌、薤白、丹参、三七、红景天、焦槟榔和炒枣仁,具有调节心肌能量代谢、抑制心室重构、治疗心力衰竭效果显著的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺。
背景技术
心力衰竭(heart failure)简称心衰,是指由于心脏的收缩功能和(或)舒张功能发生障碍,不能将静脉回心血量充分排出心脏,导致静脉系统血液淤积,动脉系统血液灌注不足,从而引起心脏循环障碍症候群,此种障碍症候群集中表现为肺淤血、腔静脉淤血。
心力衰竭是一种复杂的临床症候群,是各种心脏病的严重阶段,慢性心力衰竭的诱因包括冠心病、心肌病、心律失常、高血压等。
西医学认为,心肌病理性“重构”是心衰发生发展的基本机制,导致心衰进展的两个关键过程,一是心肌死亡事件的发生,如急性心肌梗死、重症心肌炎所致的心肌损伤与坏死等;二是神经内分泌系统过度激活所致的系统反应,其中肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和交感神经系统两者的过度兴奋起着主要作用。切断这两个关键过程是有效预防和治疗心衰的基础,可改善患者预后。
中医学认为慢性心衰属本虚标实之证,心气亏虚为其发病之本。心衰病机可用“虚”、“瘀”、“水”概括,益气、活血、利水为心衰的治疗根本。
能量代谢异常是心力衰竭的重要病理机制之一。正常心脏搏动需要大量能量,60%-70%的ATP用于心脏收缩,剩余ATP用于以内质网钙离子通道为主的离子通道转运。衰竭心脏中的ATP生成显著减少。目前改善心脏能量代谢的药物治疗主要有曲美他嗪、辅酶Q10、磷酸肌酸等,很少有治疗心衰的药物也可以改善心脏能量代谢。
中国专利申请CN111437378A公开了一种用于防治慢性心力衰竭的中药组合物、药物及其制备方法,涉及中药技术领域;所述组合物包括:人参、黄芪、制附子、茯苓、红景天、三七、肉苁蓉、仙灵脾、车前子、巴戟天、干姜、肉桂、补骨脂、灯芯草、白芍、白术、枸杞子、砂仁、西红花;该组合物可以煎服也可以制备成丸剂或散剂,方便患者携带和服用,该组合物制备的用于防治慢性心力衰竭的药物,能够延缓慢性心衰的发展速度,快速缓解心力衰竭患者的不适感,治疗效果显著。
中国专利申请CN108524762A公开了一种治疗慢性心力衰竭的药物组合物及其应用,所述药物组合物包括中药组合物以及马来酸依那普利叶酸片和倍他乐克片,所述中药组合物包括:生地,制附子,桂枝,麦冬,山药,山茱萸,五味子,党参,白茯苓,泽泻。其优点表现在:1、所选取的每一味中药及其之间的配比经过仔细筛选,具有效果显著的优点。2、制备方法简单,便于患者使用。3、药效高、无毒副作用、无不良反应,可以明显改善心力衰竭患者的临床症状,调节患者心率变异,有很好的临床效果。
中国专利申请CN1817362A公开了一种治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物,由下述重量份数的原料制成:黄芪30~50份、丹参15~20份、制附子15~20份、茯苓15~20份、泽泻15~20份、葶苈子15~20份。该发明由六味中药组成的药物组合物,其成分明确,疗效可靠,质量易控,能够针对心力衰竭的病理生理机制,起到阻止心脏功能降低的作用,在心力衰竭的早期和晚期都起到良好的治疗作用。
但是,上述组合物主要是为了改善心力衰竭的症状,如何维持心功能、进一步提高心力衰竭的治疗效果是目前亟需解决的问题。
因此,开发一种能解决上述技术问题的调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种调节能量代谢、治疗心力衰竭的中药组合物及制备工艺。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种中药组合物,包括如下组分:生黄芪、西洋参、茯苓、葶苈子、车前子、瓜蒌、薤白、丹参、三七、红景天、焦槟榔和炒枣仁。
优选地,所述的中药组合物,按照重量份数计,包括如下组分:
生黄芪30-60份、西洋参3-10份、茯苓15-45份、葶苈子10-20份、车前子20-45份、瓜蒌15-45份、薤白9-15份、丹参15-45份、三七粉2-6份、红景天6-15份、焦槟榔6-15份、炒枣仁12-30份和鹿角胶3-10份。
更优选地,所述的中药组合物,按照重量份数计,包括如下组分:
生黄芪40-50份、西洋参4-8份、茯苓20-40份、葶苈子12-18份、车前子25-40份、瓜蒌20-40份、薤白10-14份、丹参20-40份、三七粉3-5份、红景天8-12份、焦槟榔8-12份、炒枣仁15-25份和鹿角胶3-8份。
更优选地,所述的中药组合物,按照重量份数计,包括如下组分:
本发明还涉及上述的中药组合物的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:将各药材用水煎煮后制得。
本发明还涉及一种制剂,包括上述的中药组合物或上述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物。
优选地,所述的制剂还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
更优选地,所述药学上可接受的辅料包括乳糖和阿司帕坦中的至少一种。
本发明还涉及上述的中药组合物或上述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物或上述的制剂在制备调节能量代谢的药物中的应用。
本发明还涉及上述的中药组合物或上述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物或上述的制剂在制备治疗心力衰竭的药物中的应用。
心力衰竭,属于中医学“心悸”、“胸痹”、“喘证”、“水肿”等范畴。患者多为宿疾,病情迁延日久,其病机属于本虚标实,病位多在心、脾、肺、肾。在本为气虚、阳虚为主;在表为痰水互阻,瘀血阻络。治疗应益气利水,活血化瘀,理气化痰。
本发明的中药组合物主治由冠心病、心肌病、心律失常、高血压所致的慢性心力衰竭证属气虚水停,痰瘀互结,胸阳不振者。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的中药组合物功效为:益气利水、活血通络、理气化痰、宁心安神。
本发明的中药组合物主治冠心病、心肌病、心律失常、高血压所致的慢性心力衰竭证属气虚水停,痰瘀互结,胸阳不振者,症见胸闷憋气,心悸不寐,气短乏力,面色少华,或畏寒肢冷,或自汗,间断不能平卧,下肢浮肿,或咳吐泡沫痰,小便短少,舌质暗或紫暗或有瘀斑,脉沉细或结代。
本发明的中药组合物方中生黄芪上补心肺之气、中益后天之本,且利水消肿;西洋参补益一身之气,兼养阴生津;二者相须补五脏、益元气、利水消肿为君。葶苈子泻肺消痰、平喘利水,助黄芪利水消肿;三七、丹参、红景天合用,益气活血通络,三七、红景天又助黄芪、人参益气补虚;瓜蒌宽胸理气化痰散结,以上诸药为臣药。鹿角胶补益肝肾,益精养血,助黄芪人参温补肾阳;车前子通水道,利小便,茯苓健脾利湿,助黄芪、葶苈子利水消肿;薤白理气通阳散结,助瓜蒌温通心阳,宽胸理气化痰。焦槟榔健脾理气,通利三焦,助黄芪、葶苈子、车前子、茯苓通调水道,利水消肿。炒枣仁养心安神。诸药合用,共奏益气利水、活血通络、理气化痰、宁心安神之功效。
附图说明
图1为心复力颗粒各治疗组对心衰大鼠心功能的影响。
图2为心复力颗粒对受损心肌血清中ADP、AMP、ATP、LA、LDH及FFA浓度的影响。
图3为心复力颗粒对心肌炎症和心肌细胞扩大程度影响的HE染色图。
图4为心复力颗粒对纤维化程度影响的Masson染色图。
图5为心复力颗粒对纤维化程度影响的胶原沉积量效果图。
图6为心复力颗粒对心肌细胞线粒体结构的影响。
图7为心复力颗粒对缺血缺氧H9C2细胞活性的影响。
图8为心复力颗粒对缺血缺氧H9C2细胞影响的流式细胞仪器检测结果。
图9为心复力颗粒对缺血缺氧H9C2细胞影响的凋亡率效果图。
图10为心复力颗粒对缺血缺氧H9C2细胞凋亡蛋白BCL-2/BAX的比值的影响。
图11为心复力颗粒对受损H9C2细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
实施例2
实施例3
制备例
将各实施例药材用于制备颗粒剂,除三七粉和鹿角胶之外的组分采用水煮的方法进行提取,得到干膏粉提取物,具体提取工艺如下:
除三七粉和鹿角胶之外的药材加水煎煮2次,第一次加10倍量水,第二次加8倍量水,每次煎煮1小时,合并提取液,浓缩,浓缩液60℃微波真空干燥,粉碎过60目筛,得干膏粉提取物。
实施例1颗粒剂配方如表1所示。
表1
序号 | 名称 | 处方量 |
1 | 干膏粉提取物 | 1000份 |
2 | 三七粉 | 80份 |
3 | 鹿角胶 | 160份 |
4 | 乳糖 | 100份 |
5 | 阿司帕坦 | 8份 |
颗粒剂制备过程:
1、粉碎:乳糖过60目筛网粉碎备用。
2、洋化:取处方量的鹿角胶加入到2L纯化水中加热至完全溶解后放凉,得到鹿角胶溶液。
3、粘合剂配制:将鹿角胶溶液加入到95%乙醇溶液中,配制得到工艺所需含醇量达90%的粘合剂。
4、混合:将处方量的干膏粉提取物、三七粉、粉碎好的乳糖、阿司帕坦加入到湿法制粒机中混合5min。
5.制粒:将配制好的粘合剂缓缓加入到湿法制粒机中,边搅拌边加入,完全加入后开启高速剪切30s停机,出料。
6、整粒:将制好的软材加入到摇摆制粒机中,用14目的筛网制粒。
7、干燥:将制好的颗粒加入到流化床或真空干燥箱中60℃干燥,干燥至水分≤5%即可。
8、过筛:干燥后的颗粒用10目筛网过筛。
9、包装:过筛后的颗粒进行分装15g/袋,装量差异控制在±5%以内。
在动物实验中,将颗粒剂溶解在0.9%氯化钠溶液中,配成存储溶液。
细胞实验中,将颗粒剂溶解在高糖DMEM溶液中,配成存储溶液。
测试例1
1.研究方法
受试样品:实施例1中药组合物制备的颗粒剂(以下称心复力颗粒)。
动物模型
选取雌性SD大鼠(体重210±10g)160只,随机分为正常饲料组(Nor组,n=20)、模型组。通过前降支结扎法建立心肌梗死后心衰模型。4周后,使用超声心动图筛选大鼠心梗模型(EF<50%)。将心衰模型组大鼠随机分为6组:假手术组(Sham组,只开胸不结扎冠脉;n=20)、模型组(Model组,结扎前降支,n=20)、心复力低剂量组(XGL,给以心复力颗粒50mg/kg/d;n=20)、心复力中剂量组(XGM,给以心复力颗粒100mg/kg/d;n=20)、心复力高剂量组(XGH,给以心复力颗粒200mg/kg/d;n=20)及曲美他嗪组(TMZ,给以0.1mg/kg/d,n=20)。
超声心动图检测
使用Vevo3100高分辨率超声成像系统(Visual Sonies,加拿大)测量超声心动图参数来评估大鼠的心脏功能。采用短轴测量左室前壁舒张末期和收缩末期厚度(LVAWd和LVAWs)、左室后壁舒张末期和收缩末期厚度(LVPWd和LVPWs)、左室舒张末期和收缩末期内径(LVIDd和LVIDs)、左室舒张末期和收缩末期容积(LVEDV和LVESV)、射血分数(EF)和缩短分数(FS)。
血清学检测
从大鼠腹主动脉采集血液,测量乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、尿酸(UA)(Solarbio)的浓度,测量二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)(武汉彩色基因生物技术)的浓度。
组织学检测
超声检测结束后处死大鼠,提取心肌组织用4%多聚甲醛固定48h,用石蜡包埋,并以5mm厚切片。心脏石蜡切片用血氧线伊红(HE)染色,评估炎症浸润程度。用马松(Masson)三色染色评估心肌纤维化程度。
透射电镜观察线粒体结构
为观察线粒体结构,将心肌组织切成约1立方毫米组织片2.5%戊二醛固定2小时,用0.1M磷酸漂洗液漂洗15分钟3次后,1%锇酸固定液固定1小时,再用0.1M磷酸漂洗液漂洗15分钟共3次,经脱水包埋后,超薄切片机莱卡EMUC7切片70nm,经2%醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅双染色后,用透射电镜HT7800(80KV)观察并拍片。
心肌细胞培养与缺氧无血清模型建立
把H9C2细胞用含10%血清、1%双抗的高糖培养基置于95%O2、5%CO2的37℃恒温培养箱中培养,待细胞密度为80%时用胰酶消化,并传代至新培养基持续培养。待细胞状态良好时,将细胞传代为对照组(即正常培养组,简称Control组)、缺血缺氧组(即缺氧无血清模型组,简称H-I组)、低浓度心复力组(XG-L组)、中浓度心复力组(XG-M组)、高浓度心复力组(XG-H组)。在药物预处理阶段,待细胞长至密度为70%左右时,给细胞换液,并将4个药物组的培养基分别用10%血清、1%双抗的高糖培养基配成低浓度心复力组(0.5mg/L)、中浓度心复力组(1mg/L)、高浓度心复力组(2mg/L)(使用时用含血清DMEM将心复力颗粒存储液稀释使用)、4-PBA组(2mM)(每33mg4-PBA溶解在1mlDMSO中,配成200mM的存储液,使用时用含血清的DMEM将4-PBA存储液稀释使用)并放至37℃恒温箱培养24小时。期间对照组与缺氧组均用含血清培养基正常培养。在模型建立阶段,将对照组以外所有组的培养基更换为无血清、1%双抗的高糖培养基,后相应将药物处理组配制为低浓度心复力组(500μg/L)、中浓度心复力组(1mg//L)、高浓度心复力组(2mg//L)(使用时用不含血清DMEM稀释成相应浓度)、4-PBA组(2mM)(使用时用不含血清的DMEM稀释成相应浓度),将培养皿置于厌氧盒中,迅速放入厌氧袋及指示条,密封后放入细胞培养箱中,缺氧24h后的细胞做检测。
细胞活性检测与凋亡率检测
将各组细胞加入CCK8溶液(DOJINDO)培养4小时,用Infinite M200 Pro酶标仪检测450nm处的吸光度,得到细胞活性值。将各组细胞用冷PBS洗两遍,以10^6/L的浓度重悬在Binding Buffer(BD Pharmingen)中,取100μL移至流式管中,加入5μL FITC和5μL PI试剂,轻轻拍打后在室温中避光孵育15分钟,后加入400μL Binding Buffer后快速用Accuri C6流式细胞仪器(BD Accuri C6)检测各组的凋亡率。
线粒体膜电位检测
将心肌细胞培养液吸除,PBS洗涤后,加入细胞培养液与JC-1染色工作液(碧云天),充分混匀后于37℃培养箱孵育20分钟,后洗除上清,并用冷染色缓冲液洗涤2次后,加入细胞培养液,于荧光显微镜下观测。
统计方法
所有数据均用SPSS24.0软件统计,连续型变量用平均值±标准差来表示,采用ANOVA检验分析结果。P值小于0.05为具有统计学意义。
2.研究结果
动物实验
超声心动图检测示心复力颗粒改善心衰大鼠的心功能
与模型组相比,心复力颗粒低、中、高剂量组可提高左室射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS),降低左室收缩末内径(LVIDs)、收缩末容积(LVESV)及左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)(见图1),左室舒张末内径(LVIDd)无变化。其中心复力高剂量组(XGH组)改善心功能效果最佳。与对照组(Sham组)对比,#表示模型组(Model组)P<0.05,##表示P<0.01。与模型组(Model组)对比,*表示药物组(XGL,XGM,XGH,TMZ组)P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。
血清学检测示心复力颗粒改善心衰大鼠能量代谢
血清中LA、LDH、FFA含量结果显示,与模型组相比,心复力颗粒治疗组可降低血清中LA、LDH、FFA含量,其中心复力高剂量组(XGH)降低更明显。不同组ADP、AMP、ATP的浓度显示:与模型组相比,心复力颗粒治疗组可降低ADP、AMP的浓度,提高ATP的浓度,其中心复力高剂量组(XGH)降低更明显,从而改善心肌能量代谢(见图2)。与对照组(Sham组)对比,#表示模型组(Model组)P<0.05,##表示P<0.01。与模型组(Model组)对比,*表示药物组(XGL,XGM,XGH,TMZ组)P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。
组织学检测示心复力颗粒抑制心衰大鼠心肌细胞炎症与纤维化
HE染色(图3,20X)显示模型组(Model组)梗死区及周边均有炎细胞的浸润,与模型组相比,心复力颗粒治疗组(XGL,XGM,XGH)炎细胞浸润程度下降,而且梗死周边存活心肌较多,纤维化较轻。
Masson染色(图4,20X)显示,模型组(Model组)胶原纤维沉积量增多,健康的心肌组织较少。与模型组对比,心复力颗粒治疗组(XGL,XGM,XGH)的胶原沉积量相对较少(图5)。
电镜检测示心复力颗粒保护心衰大鼠心肌线粒体结构
模型组(Model组)心肌细胞肿胀、形态不规则,细胞核不规则;心肌细胞内肌原纤维排列不规则,线粒体丰富,呈椭圆形、结构肿胀、内脊断裂、部分空泡变。心复力低剂量组(XGL组)心肌细胞部分肿胀、形态不规则;心肌细胞内肌原纤维排列不规则,线粒体丰富,呈椭圆形,部分肿胀、内脊断裂、空泡变,部分轻度肿胀、内脊大多模糊。心复力中剂量组(XGM)心肌细胞轻度肿胀、形态稍不规则,细胞核呈不规则椭圆形;心肌细胞内肌原纤维排列不规则,线粒体丰富,呈椭圆形、大多轻度肿胀、内脊模糊,少数线粒体肿胀、空泡变。心复力高剂量组(XGH组)心肌细胞形态基本正常,心肌细胞内肌原纤维排列稍不规则,线粒体丰富,呈椭圆形或短杆状、结构完整、少数线粒体内脊稍模糊(图6)。
细胞实验
心复力颗粒提高缺血缺氧H9C2细胞活性
CCK8试剂检测发现心肌细胞在缺血缺氧24小时后(H-I组)的活性为对照组(Control组)的71.67%,心复力低浓度组(1mg/L)、中浓度组(2mg/L)、高浓度组(4mg/L)的活性分别为对照组(Control组)的88.39%、87.35%、86.78%,均显著改善受损心肌细胞的活性(P<0.05)(图7,#P<0.05,*P<0.05,*表示与对照组对比,#表示与缺血缺氧组对比)。
心复力颗粒降低缺血缺氧H9C2细胞凋亡率
流式细胞学结果显示,对照组(Control组)的凋亡率为14.77%,缺血缺氧组(H-I组)26.3%,心复力低浓度组、中浓度组、高浓度组凋亡率分别为21.83%、22.9%、23.27%(P<0.05),心复力低浓度组、中浓度组降低了受损心肌细胞的凋亡率(图8和图9,**P<0.01,*0.01<P<0.05,*表示与对照组对比,##P<0.01,#0.01<P<0.05,#表示与缺血缺氧组对比)。
Western Blot显示,心复力颗粒显著提高凋亡相关蛋白BCL-2/BAX比值(P<0.05)(图10,**P<0.01,*0.01<P<0.05,*表示与对照组对比,##P<0.01,#0.01<P<0.05,#表示与缺血缺氧组对比),这说明心复力对受损的心肌细胞具有保护作用。根据以上结果,用心复力低浓度组观察其对内质网应激与能量代谢蛋白的作用。
心复力颗粒抑制缺血缺氧H9C2细胞线粒体膜电位的降低
线粒体膜电位的下降是线粒体介导凋亡反应的标志,线粒体单体(monomers)与聚集体(aggregates)的比值可反映线粒体膜电位降低的程度。免疫荧光显示心复力颗粒可抑制缺血缺氧H9C2细胞的线粒体膜电位的降低(图11),这说明心复力颗粒可能通过保护线粒体结构与功能抑制细胞凋亡的发生。图11中,merge这一列表示线粒体单体(monomers)与聚集体(aggregates)融合后的效果。
结论
本研究的结果表明:(1)心复力颗粒改善心衰大鼠的心功能、抑制心肌组织炎症与纤维化。(2)心复力颗粒提高心肌细胞的活性、抑制其凋亡。(3)心复力颗粒改善心衰大鼠心肌细胞的线粒体结构与功能损伤,促进能量代谢功能。
图1和图3-图5体现了心复力颗粒治疗心力衰竭效果优异,图2和图6体现了心复力颗粒在调节能量代谢方面的作用。
测试例2心复力颗粒治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床研究
1.研究方法
1.1研究设计:采用前瞻性、随机对照临床研究方法。
1. 2一般资料:于阜外医院中医科和心衰病房入选年龄在18-75岁之间、明确慢性心力衰竭、LVEF≤45%、NT-proBNP≥450pg/ml、符合中医气虚血瘀辨证标准且签署知情同意书的慢性心力衰竭患者222例,采用区组随机分组方法,以患者入组时间顺序为区组因素,区组长度为8,运用SAS9.4软件,生成随机数字分组表,以1:1比例将患者随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组和试验组均依据西医心力衰竭指南相关内容接受常规西药治疗,试验组在此基础上加服心复力颗粒,10g/次,3次/日,疗程6个月,具体如表2所示。
表2
1.3.研究对象
1.3.1入选标准(满足以下所有选项)
(1)年龄≥18岁,≤80岁;
(2)符合慢性心衰西医诊断标准,EF≤45%、NT-proBNP≥450pg/ml;
(3)符合中医气虚血瘀证辨证标准;
(4)受试者自愿参加试验,并签署知情同意书。
1.3.2排除标准(符合其中任一选项)
(1)需外科或介入治疗纠正的心脏瓣膜疾病、先心病、主动脉夹层或主动脉瘤;
(2)肥厚梗阻型心肌病、限制型心肌病、活动性心肌炎、感染性心内膜炎、缩窄性心包炎或其他心包疾病;
(3)合并恶性心律失常、高血压控制不良者;
(4)3个月内进行过心脏同步化治疗;1个月内发生过心脏PCI、CABG及其他大血管手术或急性冠脉综合症;
(5)6个月内发生老卒中、一过性脑缺血等脑血管事件;
(6)合并肺、肝、肾、造血系统、免疫系统等严重原发性疾病及功能障碍患者;
(7)本试验前四周内参与其他药物临床试验或干预性研究的受试者;
(8)研究者认为不适合参加临床试验者。
1.4观察指标
1.4.1主要疗效指标
复合终点(全因死亡、因心衰加重再入院)。
1.4..2次要疗效指标
(1)NT-proBNP;NYHA功能分级;
(2)超声心动图收缩及舒张功能指标(左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径等)的变化;
(3)6分钟步行试验距离;
(4)明尼苏达生活质量量表评分;
(5)中医证候评分;
(6)安全性指标(血尿便常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能、心电图)。
1.5.研究随访及数据收集
本研究平均随访共6个月。第1个月为电话随访,对主要疗效指标和不良事件进行记录;第3、6个月为门诊面访,需要对全部疗效指标、安全性指标和不良事件进行记录。
1.6.研究用药品
1.6.1.研究用药品信息
试验药:实施例1制备的心复力颗粒。
说明:心复力颗粒功能主治益气温阳、活血利水,适用于慢性心力衰竭的气虚血瘀症患者。
1.6.2.基础用药及合并治疗
基础用药:
本研究对照组及试验组均要求患者接受西医慢性心衰指南规定的标准药物治疗。入组后,对受试者原服西药种类及药量进行评估,对于未接受或未足量服用标准西药治疗的患者应要求其调整用药方案,以达最佳西药治疗效果,否则不予入组。随访期对患者心衰基础用药依从性进行评估和记录。
合并治疗:
(1)患者合并高血压病、糖尿病等疾病时,原治疗药物及剂量由研究者根据患者具体情况调整;
(2)患者治疗其他疾病的合并用药,应由研究者根据患者具体情况选择药物及使用剂量;
(3)详细记录合并用药的用药次数及用药剂量;
(4)备选方案:如果患者出现治疗无效时,由研究者根据患者具体情况调整,可予以其他活血化瘀药物治疗,则该例患者退出试验,直接进入下一步安全性评价环节。
(5)研究过程中,可采用吸氧、镇静、利尿剂、血管扩张药物、正性肌力药物等治疗手段治疗缓解急性心衰发作,并详细记录。
1.7.统计分析与数据管理
1.7.1统计分析
研究的数据统计分析采用国际通用SAS9.4或以上统计分析软件进行数据处理。统计人员将使用规范的统计学分析方法对治疗前后临床特征进行描述性分析和推断性分析,主要包括:
1)计量资料:计算均数及标准差,组间比较采用t检验(包括95%可信区间的计算),方差不齐时采用秩和检验(Wilcoxon法)。如果组间基线不一致时采用协方差分析等。
2)计数资料:计算各指标的构成比及率,总有效率组间比较采用四格表Z检验(或精确概率法),组间构成比比较采用卡方检验。
3)等级资料:组间比较采用秩和检验(Mann—whitney法)。
4)疗效影响因素的分析:采用logistic回归分析,包括年龄、病程、合并病、心功能分级、疾病严重程度、治疗情况等可能影响疗效判断的因素。
5)亚组分析:不同年龄、不同射血分数、不同合并疾病、不同治疗情况等进行分层比较分析等进行分层疗效比较。
6)安全性分析:以描述性统计为主,包括不良反应发生率及不良反应的具体描述;进行组间比较。
1.7.2临床事件的评审
研究的所有主要终点事件和选定的次要终点事件,将由一个独立的临床事件评审委员会(CEC)进行审阅及评定。需要评审的终点事件包括:全因死亡(包括死亡原因),因心力衰竭加重再住院,因心血管事件再入院卒中。
2.研究结果
2.1随访完成情况
本项目入选2019年9月至2022年8月于阜外医院确诊为慢性心衰EF≤45%、NT-proBNP≥450pg/ml、符合中医气虚血瘀证辨证标准的患者240例,截至2022年8月随访结束,共失访患者18例,最终纳入统计分析患者222例。
2.2主要疗效指标
两组复合终点(全因死亡、因心衰加重再入院)事件的比较:
6个月随访期内试验组发生复合终点事件的风险显著低于对照组,心复力颗粒联合西药组可将复合终点事件和因心衰加重再入院事件风险显著降低(详见表3)。
表3终点事件分析
2.3血浆NTproBNP、LVEF水平比较
对随访患者进行6个月的血浆NTproBNP、LVEF水平进行统计分析,6个月随访期内试验组血浆NTproBNP水平显著低于对照组,而心复力颗粒联合西药组可显著提高心衰患者LVEF值,改善患者心功能(详见表4)。
表4
2.4中医证候评分比较
中医证候量化评分以0分为无症状,1-6分为轻度,7-12分为中度,13-19分为重度进行分类。对随访患者进行6个月中医证候量化评分进行统计分析,秩和检验结果显示,试验组在中医证候量化评分方面显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)(表5)。
表5中医证候量化评分的秩和检验
3.讨论
既往临床研究显示,心复力颗粒在治疗慢性心力衰竭方面具有良好的疗效和安全性,短期可明显改善心悸、气短、水肿等症状,久服可减少强心利尿剂用量,提高生活质量。基础研究显示,心复力颗粒可显著抑制心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和纤维化、改善心肌能量代谢和血管新生、提高心功能。本研究结果显示,在常规西药治疗的基础上加用心复力颗粒治疗6个月,可显著降低慢性心衰患者复合终点事件的风险和再住院率;明显改善患者心衰临床症状,减少中医证候量表积分;降低心衰患者血浆NTproBNP水平,提高LVEF水平改善心功能。且无不良反应,安全性良好。
上述详细说明是针对本发明其中之一可行实施例的具体说明,该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围,凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更,均应包含于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下组分:生黄芪、西洋参、茯苓、葶苈子、车前子、瓜蒌、薤白、丹参、三七、红景天、焦槟榔和炒枣仁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,包括如下组分:
生黄芪30-60份、西洋参3-10份、茯苓15-45份、葶苈子10-20份、车前子20-45份、瓜蒌15-45份、薤白9-15份、丹参15-45份、三七粉2-6份、红景天6-15份、焦槟榔6-15份、炒枣仁12-30份和鹿角胶3-10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,包括如下组分:
生黄芪40-50份、西洋参4-8份、茯苓20-40份、葶苈子12-18份、车前子25-40份、瓜蒌20-40份、薤白10-14份、丹参20-40份、三七粉3-5份、红景天8-12份、焦槟榔8-12份、炒枣仁15-25份和鹿角胶3-8份。
5.权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各药材用水煎煮后制得。
6.一种制剂,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物或权利要求5所述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制剂,其特征在于,还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料包括乳糖和阿司帕坦中的至少一种。
9.权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物或权利要求5所述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物或权利要求6-8任一所述的制剂在制备调节能量代谢的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1-4任一所述的中药组合物或权利要求5所述的制备工艺制备得到的中药组合物或权利要求6-8任一所述的制剂在制备治疗心力衰竭的药物中的应用。
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