CN116059160A - 一种呋塞米注射液的组成及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种呋塞米注射液的组成及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/63—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide
- A61K31/635—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide having a heterocyclic ring, e.g. sulfadiazine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种呋塞米注射液的组成及制备方法,处方由呋塞米、氯化钠、碳酸氢钠和注射用水组成,其中碳酸氢钠用量为0.05‑2mg/ml。本发明公开的呋塞米注射液组成简单,质量稳定,制备工艺简便高效,无需高温灭菌,制得成品杂质水平低,安全性良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种呋塞米注射液及其制备方法。
背景技术
呋塞米(furosemide)化学名为2-[(2-呋喃甲基)氨基]-5-(氨磺酰基)-4-氯苯甲酸。
分子式:C12H11ClN2O5S
分子量:330.74
呋塞米(Furosemide)是一种快速高效利尿药,其利尿作用机制是抑制髓袢升支粗段髓质和皮质部以及远端肾小管对电解质的重吸收,抑制近端肾小管对Na+、Cl-的重吸收,导致肾小管浓缩功能下降,从而导致水、Na+、Cl-排泄增多,产生利尿作用。通常成人静脉注射或静脉滴注,每日一次20mg。目前上市剂型主要为片剂、注射液和口服溶液剂。
呋塞米注射液是一种强效利尿剂,其应用后的不良反应有以下情况:
(1)常见者与水、电解质紊乱有关,尤其是大剂量或长期应用时,如体位性低血压、休克、低钾血症、低氯血症、低氯性碱中毒、低钠血症、低钙血症以及与此有关的口渴、乏力、肌肉酸痛、心律失常等;
(2)少见者有过敏反应(包括皮疹、间质性肾炎、甚至心脏骤停)、视觉模糊、黄视症、光敏感、头晕、头痛、纳差、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、胰腺炎、肌肉强直等,骨髓抑制导致粒细胞减少,血小板减少性紫癜和再生障碍性贫血,肝功能损害,指(趾)感觉异常,高糖血症,尿糖阳性,原有糖尿病加重,高尿酸血症;
(3)耳鸣、听力障碍多见于大剂量静脉快速注射时(每分钟剂量大于4~15mg),多为暂时性,少数为不可逆性,尤其当与其他有耳毒性的药物同时应用时;在高钙血症时,可引起肾结石。
原料呋塞米,在强碱条件下才能稳定,根据专利CN 103371967A,呋塞米注射液处方为:呋塞米20g,10%(质量浓度)氢氧化钠30ml,盐酸适量,无水亚硫酸钠4g,注射用水加至2000ml。呋塞米注射液的生产工艺为:在配制容器中加入70%的注射用水;将呋塞米、氯化钠、10%(质量浓度)NaOH溶液加入配料罐中,搅拌配料罐中的溶液至呋塞米全部溶解;将配液罐中溶液冷却至30℃下,测定溶液的PH值是否在9.1~9.4,若PH值在该区间内,则直接进入下一罐;若PH值不再该区间内,则另加适量10%(质量浓度)氢氧化钠或9%
(体积浓度)盐酸调节pH,直至该值在9.1~9.4;添加注射用水至配制总量为1000ml,将溶液搅拌均匀;药液经0.45μm、0.22μm折叠式过滤芯过滤至澄明;灌封,安瓿内通N2;100℃30分钟灭菌。
又例如专利CN 103156809A,呋塞米注射液处方为:甲硫氨酸、氯化钠、聚乙二醇400和氢氧化钠。呋塞米注射液的生产工艺为:取适量注射用水加入容器中,加入处方量的10%氢氧化钠溶液,加入呋塞米搅拌使完全溶解,加入甲硫氨酸、氯化钠搅拌使完全溶解,加入聚乙二醇400,搅拌15分钟,用10%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9.3~9.5,加水至全量,加0.1%(W/V)活性炭搅拌吸附15分钟,取样化验合格后,过滤、灌封、灭菌、灯检、包装即得呋塞米注射液。
可以看出现有的处方中为了使得原料药呋塞米充分溶解,使用了大量碱性溶液。为使呋塞米注射液在质量上有进一步的提高,保证人民用药安全,故亟需寻找一种碱性辅料,既能保证呋塞米的溶解性,又能降低肾结石发生的风险。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服呋塞米注射液现有技术方案的不足,提供一种安全有效的碱性辅料。本发明还提供该注射液的处方和具体工艺制备方法,该工艺简单高效,易于规模化生产。
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的:
一种呋塞米注射液,其特征为处方组成中含有碳酸氢钠。
呋塞米注射液的处方组成为:呋塞米、氯化钠、碳酸氢钠和注射用水。
碳酸氢钠的用量优选0.05.5-2mg/ml,更优选0.1-1.5mg/ml,进一步优选0.25-1mg/ml,最终优选0.5mg/ml。
本发明呋塞米注射液的制备方法包括如下步骤:
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
本发明所述的呋塞米、氯化钠和碳酸氢钠均市售可得。碳酸氢钠应用于本发明产品中,可有效溶解呋塞米,且碳酸氢钠具有碱化尿液的作用,可降低产品使用后导致肾结石的风险。值得一提的是,本发明涉及的制备工艺所需设备均为业内注射液生产常用设备,实用性高。
下面就本发明的思路简要进行描述:
呋塞米注射液生产过程中,碱性条件有助于原料的溶解,介于此,发明人考虑碳酸氢钠、磷酸氢二钠和碳酸钠三种碱性材料,与现有处方中的氢氧化钠,比较所制得注射液的质量指标。
试验结果表明,部分碱性辅料的加入能够使得呋塞米溶解。但是其中,磷酸氢二钠组的活性成分含量较低;碳酸钠组总杂含量高;氢氧化钠组含量、杂质水平好,但存在诱发肾结石的风险。故优选出碳酸氢钠,作为本方案的碱性辅料,对呋塞米注射液的杂质水平及安全性有较好的提升。
尿酸是一种弱有机酸,其解离常数(pKa)约为5.5。人体内尿酸有两种形式:非解离的游离尿酸和解离的尿酸盐。尿酸的存在形式及溶解度与pH直接相关。在血pH为7.35~7.45时,几乎100%血清尿酸以解离的尿酸盐形式存在。尿酸盐为可溶性,故正常血液无尿酸结石形成。尿酸盐可自由通过肾小球,但在近端肾小管几乎全部被重吸收,之后经过分泌、再吸收,最后仅10%滤出尿酸盐从尿中排出。
尿酸结石是临床上最常见的X线阴性结石,复发率高,反复发作引起上尿路梗阻可导致肾功能衰竭,甚至危及患者生命。尿液中尿酸溶解度下降和过饱和化是尿酸结石形成的前提。尿pH下降、尿酸排泄量增加和尿量减少是尿酸结石形成的三大主要因素。逆转这三个因素是预防和治疗尿酸结石的基础,而适当碱化尿液是溶解结石的关键。尿酸是一种弱有机酸,在pH值为5.35时,半数尿酸盐呈非解离的尿酸形式,半数以单价尿酸盐阴离子形式存在,当尿液碱化时,不易溶解的尿酸转化成易溶解的尿酸盐阴离子。尿液碱化不仅可以预防尿酸结石形成,也可使尿酸结石发生溶解。碱化尿液最佳药物是枸橼酸钾和碳酸氢钠。
碳酸氢钠的使用不仅可以溶解呋塞米,而且更安全,注射进入体内后具有碱化尿液的作用,可达到非手术治疗的目的。通过提高尿液中碳酸氢根浓度提高pH值,可降低尿液中结晶的形成与聚集。呋塞米主要通过抑制肾小管髓袢厚壁段对NaCl的主动重吸收,使管腔液Na+、Cl-浓度升高、髓质间液Na+、Cl-浓度降低,渗透压梯度差降低,肾小管浓缩功能下降,从而导致水、Na+、Cl-排泄增多,对结石起到冲刷排泄作用。两种物料通过不同机理,合用后可降低呋塞米使用后的诱发肾结石的风险。
为了得到碳酸氢钠最适合的用量,进一步试制多个方案进行筛选。
处方4 | 处方5 | 处方6 | 处方7 | 处方8 | 处方9 | 处方10 | |
呋塞米(g) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
氯化钠(g) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
碳酸氢钠(g) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
注射用水加至(mL) | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
可见异物 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 |
总杂(%) | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.31 |
试验结果表明,碳酸氢钠采用1-40g用于呋塞米注射液中,配液的溶解时间短,能有效地增加呋塞米注射液的溶解性,总杂含量低。优选处方为:呋塞米20g,氯化钠15g,碳酸氢钠2-30g;更优选呋塞米20g,氯化钠15g,碳酸氢钠5-20g;最优选呋塞米20g,氯化钠15g,碳酸氢钠10g。
具体实施方式
通过下面给出的本发明的实施例,进一步阐述本发明的内容,但本发明并不受实施实例的限定。
实施例1
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 1g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例2
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 3g |
碳酸氢钠 | 2g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例3
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 5g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例4
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 10g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例5
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 20g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例6
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 30g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例7
每2000mL呋塞米注射液:
呋塞米 | 20g |
氯化钠 | 15g |
碳酸氢钠 | 40g |
注射用水加至 | 2000mL |
取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量。药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤进入暂存罐,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
实施例8
采用本发明的技术方案实施例1-7的处方工艺,制备的产品,各项质量指标均符合规定。
实施例9
根据《中国药典》2020年版四部附录9001“原料药物与制剂稳定性试验指导原则”,对最优组合的实施例4制得样品进行稳定性试验考察:
加速试验:将样品,置于温度40℃、相对湿度75%的恒温恒湿箱中,放置6个月,分别于第1、2、3、6个月时取样,按照稳定性考察项目进行检测,并与0月的数据进行比较。
长期试验:将样品,置于温度30℃、相对湿度60%的中间条件下放置,分别于第6、12个月时取样,按照考察项目进行检测,并与0月的数据进行比较。
稳定性试验结果表明,呋塞米注射液加速试验6月与长期试验12月后,各项质量均符合规定,本发明技术方案制备的呋塞米注射液质量稳定可控。
Claims (7)
1.一种呋塞米注射液的组成及其制备方法,其特征在于处方由呋塞米、氯化钠、碳酸氢钠和注射用水组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米注射液,其特征在于处方中含有碳酸氢钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳酸氢钠,其特征在于用量为0.05-2mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳酸氢钠,其特征在于用量为0.1-1.5mg/ml。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碳酸氢钠,其特征在于用量为0.25-1mg/ml。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碳酸氢钠,其特征在于用量为0.5mg/ml。
7.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米注射液,其完整的制备过程包括以下步骤:取总配液体积90%量的注射用水,60℃水浴下加入处方量的氯化钠和碳酸氢钠进行搅拌溶解,然后加入呋塞米,搅拌使呋塞米完全溶解,冷却至室温,加注射用水定容至足量,药液经0.45μm粗过滤器和0.22μm精滤过滤器过滤,过滤后药液充氮气熔封、灭菌即得。
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