CN116042742A - 合成方法 - Google Patents
合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116042742A CN116042742A CN202310038025.XA CN202310038025A CN116042742A CN 116042742 A CN116042742 A CN 116042742A CN 202310038025 A CN202310038025 A CN 202310038025A CN 116042742 A CN116042742 A CN 116042742A
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- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- gsk2330672
- reaction
- placebo
- epoxide hydrolase
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- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- COTNUBDHGSIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meoh methanol Chemical compound OC.OC COTNUBDHGSIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012803 optimization experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000019116 sleep disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001732 thrombotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及合成方法。公开了用于制备以下化合物的方法。所述化合物可以被掺入药物制剂中,包括片剂,并且这样的片剂可以用于治疗胆汁郁积性肝病。
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年6月27日、申请号为201780039490.8、发明名称为“合成方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及可用于治疗和预防代谢紊乱,包括糖尿病(I型和II型)、肥胖,以及用于预防和/或治疗肝病的某些化合物的改进的合成方法。
发明背景
除了其它化合物以外,专利公开WO 2011/137,135公开了以下IBAT抑制剂化合物。该专利公开还公开了所述化合物的合成方法。
上述化合物的制备也公开在J.Med.Chem,第56卷,第5094-5114页(2013)和J.Org.Chem.,第78卷,第12726-12734页(2013)中。该化合物也被称为GSK2330672且有时被缩写为GSK672。
该化合物处于预防和/或治疗胆汁郁积性肝病和相关的瘙痒的临床试验中。
发明概述
简言之,在第一方面中,本发明公开了该化合物的改进的合成
其包括制备中间体A(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷的步骤
简言之,在第二方面中,本发明公开了该化合物的改进的合成
其包括制备下述中间体H的步骤
在另一方面中,本发明提供了包含化合物GSK2330672的片剂。
在另一方面中,本发明提供了用于治疗胆汁郁积性肝病和/或相关的瘙痒的方法,其包括施用本发明的片剂。
发明详述
优选地,如上所述的本发明的第一方面,包括使用环氧化物水解酶动力学拆分外消旋的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷以得到(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷(化合物A)。环氧化物水解酶能够选择性地水解2-丁基-2-甲基环氧乙烷和其它成对的二取代的环氧化物是在文献中已知的(Bala,N.和Chimni,S.S.Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 2010,21,2879。),但是在筛选了随机选择的八种环氧化物水解酶后,我们惊讶识别出一些先前没有被报道的能够选择地水解更对称的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷底物的任一对映异构体的种类(hits)。特别地,来自Agromyces mediolanus ZJB1202030ID:JX467176的环氧化物水解酶是非常有效的,在15h内转化300g/L的外消旋的环氧化物,在萃取后处理和随后通过在减压下蒸馏纯化后以20%分离的产率和大于98%ee(溶液产率,40%)得到期望的产物(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷。
在300-330g/L范围内的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷浓度在文献中很少报道(特别是对于野生型酶),表明该酶是非常有活性的和稳定的。在优化实验期间,我们发现较高负载量的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷导致对映选择性降低,或者提供不满足规格的产物,或者由于需要进行拆分以得到更高的转化而导致相当大的产率损失。另一方面,太低的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷浓度导致高的对映选择性,但由于高反应体积而对于在规模上运行没有吸引力。
还显示了影响酶对映选择性/活性的其它参数,并筛选以鉴定工艺最佳条件:温度、缓冲剂、混合速率、共溶剂影响(测试的溶剂:庚烷、TBME、己烷、乙醚、甲苯);反应容器(试管、falcon管15、50mL、摇瓶(shake flaks)、受控实验室反应器)、反应时间。
所述酶可以不同形式使用:全细胞、冻干的未澄清的裂解物、固定的或冻干的澄清的裂解物,同时负载量也可以从20%降至5-8%,这导致较慢的反应,但对映选择性不变。使用冻干的澄清的裂解物相对于细胞浆液(cell paste)具有特别的优势,因为其问题较少且储存和运输更便宜,并且导致更容易的下游处理。冻干的裂解物也比固定的酶更便宜,这有时在不需要再循环的情况下可以是有利的。
还制备并测试了据报道提供了对表氯醇的改进的对映选择性的Agromycesmediolanus ZJB1202030ID:JX467176的一些变体(Xue,F.;Liu,Z.-Q.;Wan,N.-W.;Zhu H.-Q.和Zheng,Y.-G.RSC Adv.,2015,5,31525。)。这些变体之一N240D比野生型酶具有更高的活性(最高达提高30%)和略高的对映选择性。来自Agromyces mediolanus ZJB1202030ID:JX467176的环氧化物水解酶是大α/β-水解酶折叠家族的成员(Xue,F.;Liu,Z.-Q.;Zou,S.-P.;Wan,N.-W.;Zhu,W.-Y.;Zhu,Q.和Zheng,Y.-G.Process Biochemistry 2014,49 409-417)。众所周知,这类环氧化物水解酶(其中所有成员含有非常相似的3D结构)包含令人惊讶的多样化序列范围(Widersten,M.;Gurell,A.and Lindberg,D.Biochim.Biophys.Acta,2010,1800,316)。考虑到从测试的小子集中鉴定出许多对映选择性环氧化物水解酶,显而易见的是环氧化物水解酶的更大集合将产生与已经被鉴定的来自Agromyces mediolanusZJB1202030ID:JX467176的环氧化物水解酶选择性相当(如果不是更具选择性的话)的种类。考虑到已经被选择用于表氯醇拆分的来自Agromyces mediolanus ZJB1202030ID:JX467176的环氧化物水解酶的三种变体之一的增加的活性和对映选择性,向2-丁基-2-甲基环氧乙烷的定向进化也很可能将产生进一步改进的突变体。
优选地,如上所述的本发明的第一方面,还包括使(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷与3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯硫酚反应以产生中间体C的步骤
优选地,如上所述的本发明的第一方面,还包括将中间体C转化为下面所示的中间体E的步骤
优选地,如上所述的本发明的第二方面,还包括将中间体H转化为下面所述的中间体I的步骤
优选地,本发明的片剂和治疗方法包括通过本发明的方法制备的GSK2330672。
在一个方面中,本发明的片剂还包含填充剂、崩解剂和润滑剂。在一个方面中,本发明的片剂包含20至200mg的GSK2330672。合适的片剂的一个实例是包含GSK2330672、微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁的片剂。
方案1中描述了如何制备IBAT抑制剂化合物GSK672的示例性合成方案。用环氧化物水解酶酶促拆分(±)-2-丁基-乙基环氧乙烷产生(R)-2-丁基-乙基环氧乙烷(A)。用苯硫酚(B)进行(R)-2-丁基-乙基环氧乙烷的环氧化物开环,以及随后在酸性条件下用氯乙腈处理(R)-叔醇(C),得到氯乙酰胺(D),然后通过用硫脲裂解氯乙酰胺将其转化为中间体(E)。用三氟甲磺酸和苯甲酰氯苯甲酰化中间体(E)得到中间体(F)。环化中间体(F),然后将硫化物非对映选择性磺化氧化成手性亚砜,随后用硼氢化钠或硼烷进行亚胺还原,得到中间体(I),然后将其转化为中间体(J)。使用专利公开WO 2011/137,135中公开的方法将中间体(J)转化为目标化合物。
方案1
本发明与WO 2011/137,135、J.Med.Chem,2013,56,5094,J.Org.Chem.2013,78,12726和WO 2016020785中公开的合成不同,因为本发明中的中间体E和J是通过新的、立体选择性的和更具成本效益的合成制备的。
缩写
Bz 苯甲酰基
TfOH 三氟甲磺酸
BzCl 苯甲酰氯
S-BINOL (S)-(-)-1,1′-联(2-萘酚)
Ti(OiPr)4 异丙醇钛
t-BuOOH 叔丁基过氧化氢
DCM 二氯甲烷
NaBH4 硼氢化钠
MeOH 甲醇
mCPBA 间-氯过氧苯甲酸
TFA 三氟乙酸
MTBE 甲基叔丁基醚。
中间体A:(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷
注意:1wt被定义为加入反应器中的(±)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷的重量(克)。给出的所有其它重量、体积和当量都是相对于该数字计算的。
将来自澄清的裂解物的冻干的环氧化物水解酶(20wt%)加入反应容器中。然后将调节至pH 7.4(100mM,1.4体积)的磷酸钾缓冲液加入相同的反应容器中并调节搅拌。通过加入外消旋的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷(22.6g,176.3mmol,1wt)开始反应。将反应混合物在30℃搅拌。通过手性GC监测反应,直至(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷的对映体过量(ee)达到≥95%(R)的值(通常在15小时时间段内的转化约≥62±2%)。通过加入乙酸乙酯(2.4体积)淬灭反应。然后将得到的两相溶液经硅藻土过滤。使用额外的乙酸乙酯(1.2体积)洗涤硅藻土饼。然后分离各层。弃去水层。用盐水(1.2体积)洗涤有机层。然后通过在减压下蒸馏浓缩有机层,得到所需的环氧化物(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷和二醇副产物(S)-2-乙基己烷-1,2-二醇的纯混合物。将混合物在90℃和20+5mbar下蒸馏,得到所需的环氧化物(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷(4.58g,20%产率,99.2%纯度,95%ee)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.61(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),2.59(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),1.72-1.46(m,4H),1.42-1.26(m,4H),0.99-0.87(m,6H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ60.2,52.2,33.7,27.0,26.9,22.9,14.0,8.9。
中间体E:(R)-5-((2-氨基-2-乙基己基)硫基)-2-甲氧基苯酚
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯硫酚(564mg,3.61mmol)、(R)-2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷(509mg,3.97mmol)和EtOH(3.4mL)。将混合物用NaOH(318mg,7.94mmol)在水(2.3mL)中的溶液处理。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌20h。将混合物用甲苯(4mL)处理并搅拌2min。分离各层并弃去有机层。将水层用2N HCl中和并用甲苯萃取。将萃取液依次用饱和Na2CO3水溶液和水洗涤,在真空中浓缩,得到作为油的中间体C。将油中间体C溶解在氯乙腈(5.5mL)和HOAc(2mL)中。将混合物冷却至0℃。以保持温度低于5℃的速率加入H2SO4(0.96mL,18.05mmol,用0.33mL水预稀释)。在低于10℃搅拌0.5h后,将反应混合物用水处理,用MTBE萃取。将萃取液用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤并在真空中浓缩,得到作为油的中间体D。然后将油中间体D溶解于EOH(9.1mL)中并用HOAc(1.8mL)和硫脲(0.412g,5.42mmol)处理。将混合物在回流下加热直至完成,然后冷却至环境温度。通过过滤除去固体。将滤液在真空中浓缩,得到油。将该油用EtOAc处理,依次用饱和Na2CO3水溶液和水洗涤,然后在真空中浓缩,得到中间体E(851mg,83%产率(经3步),79%纯度),为油。通过硅胶色谱法进一步纯化425mg中间体E,得到中间体E(223mg,100%纯度,94.8%ee)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.94(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=8.4,2.2Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.23(s,1H),3.78(s,3H),2.87(s,2H),1.46-1.28(m,4H),1.25-1.05(m,4H),0.81(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.76(t,J=7.45Hz,3H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ146.0,129.1,122.9,117.7,111.2,56.0,54.8,47.5,38.6,31.8,25.8,23.3,14.1,8.0。
将(S)-(-)-1,1’-联(2-萘酚)(387mg,1.353mmol,1当量)加入15mL RBF中。加入磁力搅拌棒,用隔膜密封烧瓶并用氮气冲刷10分钟。加入二氯甲烷(5ml,10体积),然后滴加四异丙醇钛(0.200mL,0.677mmol,0.5当量),此时观察到深红色变化。加入水(49μL,2.71mmol,2当量)并将反应搅拌15分钟。除去隔膜并一次性加入中间体G(500mg,1.353mmol,1当量)。更换隔膜并将反应搅拌15分钟,然后滴加叔丁基过氧化氢(5.0-6.0M,在癸烷中,0.284mL,~1.42mmol,~1.05当量)。将反应在环境温度下搅拌2.5小时,通过快速HPLC监测,然后加入另外27μL的叔丁基过氧化氢。再过1小时后,认为反应完成(通过快速HPLC)并通过添加饱和亚硫酸钠(1mL,2体积)淬灭反应。将反应转移到分液漏斗中并用少量水和二氯甲烷稀释。分离有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,浓缩并通过柱色谱法(20-100%EtOAc在己烷类中的梯度)直接纯化,得到419mg中间体H,为橙色固体(90%PAR,80%产率),为单一非对映异构体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.74(s,1H),7.60-7.54(m,2H),7.46-7.40(m,1H),7.39-7.33(m,2H),6.67(s,1H),3.81(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.30(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.07-1.84(m,2H),1.24-0.94(m,9H),0.74(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ163.4,149.0,148.9,140.5,135.7,130.4,129.1,128.2,123.2,112.3,109.1,70.6,60.7,56.5,38.2,37.2,25.4,22.9,13.9,8.6。
将中间体H(100mg,0.259mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷(370μL,3.7体积)中,然后加入甲醇(830μL,8.3体积)。将反应在冰浴中冷却,并一次性加入硼氢化钠(11.8mg,1.2当量)。通过快速HPLC监测显示反应在10分钟内完成。通过加入水(0.5mL,5体积)淬灭反应。将反应转移到分液漏斗中,并用少量水和二氯甲烷稀释。分离有机相并用饱和NaHCO3、盐水洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,得到中间体I。将中间体I溶解于二氯甲烷(1mL,1体积)中。将反应在冰浴中冷却,并加入三氟乙酸(21μL,1.05当量)。将反应搅拌5分钟,然后一次性加入mCPBA(77%,64mg,1.1当量)并从冰浴中除去反应。10分钟后,快速HPLC显示小于5%PAR的原料。将反应再搅拌10分钟,然后加入饱和NaHCO3(2.5mL,2.5体积)和1M NaSO3(2.5mL,2.5体积)并将反应搅拌数分钟。将反应用水和二氯甲烷稀释并分离有机层并经硫酸镁干燥。浓缩溶液,并尝试从TBME中重结晶,得到低纯度的物质。将固体和母液重新合并并进行色谱分离(0-50%EtOAc在己烷类中的溶液),得到44mg中间体J,~97%PAR和44%产率(经两步)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(s,1H),7.46-7.35(m,4H),7.35-7.28(m,1H),6.15(s,1H),6.02(s,1H),3.58(s,3H),3.41(d,J=14.9Hz,1H),3.05(d,J=14.9Hz,1H),2.22-2.09(m,1H),1.89-1.77(m,1H),1.57-1.39(m,2H),1.35-1.06(m,4H),0.88(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.83(t,J=6.9Hz,3H)。13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ149.6,143.9,142.3,138.5,132.5,128.5,127.8,127.3,114.5,110.8,63.9,57.4,55.8,55.2,34.1,31.2,25.3,22.9,14.1,7.6。
胆汁郁积性肝病的治疗
进行了一项临床研究,以研究重复剂量的GSK672施用在具有原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)和瘙痒症状的患者中的安全性、耐受性和作用。本研究的结果已在clintrials.gov上进行了总结和发表。
在2014年3月至2015年11月期间,在英国的两个专科医师PBC中心进行了具有瘙痒的PBC患者的2期双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的交叉试验。对象在交叉顺序中接受每天两次口服GSK672(45至90mg)和安慰剂,持续14天。
主要终点是安全性[通过临床和实验室评估和不良事件(AE)测量]和耐受性。次要终点是:i)瘙痒评分相对于基线的变化(使用每天两次完成的0至10数值评定量表(NRS)和PBC-40瘙痒区域评分和5-D瘙痒量表测量的)和ii)总胆汁酸(TBA)和7α-羟基-4-胆甾烯-3-酮(C4)的血清水平的变化。在基线和每个治疗期结束时测量各BA物质、自分泌运动因子(ATX)活性和FGF19的血清水平。
21名患者(n=21,均为高加索人,18名女性,平均年龄52.9±10.5岁)完成了研究并进行了分析。在研究期间,68%正在服用熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)。没有报告严重的AE。在安慰剂和GSK672期间,任何AE的频率各为81%(17/21)。腹泻(33%和5%)和头痛(29%和33%)是最常见的分别与GSK672和安慰剂相关的AE。GSK672显示71%的响应率,并且通过NRS[-1.58(95%CI:-2.48至-0.68)]、PBC-40瘙痒区域[-0.59(95%CI:-0.94至-0.24)]和5-D瘙痒[-4.55(95%CI:-6.60至-2.49)]测量显示瘙痒强度的显著降低。
血清TBA水平的基线值(48.64±68.77μM)在GSK672治疗后下降(25.15±23.85μM,p=0.15)但在安慰剂后不下降(50.29±55.96μM,p=0.93)。GSK672显著降低牛磺胆酸盐(3.47±7.15相比于0.31±0.74μM,p=0.0004)、甘胆酸盐(4.44±7.43相比于0.9±1.21μM,p=0.0013)和牛磺酸鹅去氧胆酸盐(3.68±7.50相比于0.8±1.46μM,p=0.002)的血清水平。GSK672后,血清ATX活性(8.25±4.17相比于6.95±2.62nMol/ml/min,p=0.006)和血清FGF19水平(162.9±107.5相比于50.66±47.31pg/mL,p<0.0001)较低且脱氧胆酸盐(3.1±0.55相比于3.39±0.64μM,p=0.009)和C4(13.13±10.04vS.35.2±25.32ng/ml,p=0.0006)的血清水平较高。
研究结论
总之,每天两次口服GSK2330672达两周耐受性良好,并且在高比例的具有瘙痒的PBC患者中降低瘙痒强度。血清总的和结合的一级胆汁酸和FGF19水平的显著降低以及血清C4水平的增加与IBAT抑制的作用机制一致。这些结果支持进一步研究GSK2330672作为胆汁郁积性瘙痒的潜在治疗。
除上述PBC研究外,GSK2330672已在其它研究中施用。GSK2330672是回肠胆汁酸转运蛋白(IBAT)的抑制剂,于2011年6月首次施用给人。它被评估作为与胆汁郁积有关的肝病的治疗。在服用背景二甲双胍的T2D对象中完成了两项II期研究后,终止了用于治疗2型糖尿病(T2D)的先前开发。自2016年6月3日起,可获得在具有由于原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)引起的瘙痒的对象中进行的一项II期重复剂量研究的初步结果。总体数据可获自暴露于GSK2330672的132名对象,包括59名健康对象,52名T2D对象和21名PBC瘙痒对象。在这些中,向51名对象,包括6名健康患者(1天)、24名T2D患者(最多14天)和21名PBC瘙痒对象(最多14天)施用90mg BID的最大剂量。
在这些研究中,报告了三种非致命的严重不良事件(SAE)。一名健康对象在单次30mg剂量后经历了出血的血栓性外痔。在T2D对象中,一名经历了急性胆囊炎且一名经历了心房扑动/颤动。PBC瘙痒对象没有报告SAE。任何研究均未报告死亡或怀孕。与靶向作用部位相关的胃肠道症状是与GSK2330672相关的最常报告的不良事件(AE)并包括腹泻、腹痛和排便不规则。在少数参与者中也观察到痕量阳性粪便潜血试验,没有临床后遗症。在健康对象、T2D患者或PBC瘙痒患者中没有观察到异常生命体征测量、心电图(ECG)变化、肺量测定法参数或临床实验室发现的临床显著的特征。
总之,IBAT抑制剂GSK2330672的施用未导致安全性监测期间的将排除在具有T2D或原发性胆汁性胆管炎的患者群体中进行计划的短期临床试验的任何发现。然而,在服用二甲双胍850mg BID的T2D对象中腹泻AE的较高频率促进了终止这种情况的发展的决定。
因为GSK2330672的药理学靶标位于肠腔中的肠细胞的刷状缘上,所以分子被设计成具有低渗透性和高极性表面积以限制吸收进门静脉循环或体循环中。在施用GSK2330672后,以频繁的间隔获得血液样品用于血浆药物浓度的测定。大部分的测量值低于测定的定量下限(LLQ=1ng/mL)。在1名对象中给药后2小时获得的最高可测量浓度为5.33ng/ml,证实了进入体循环的有限的吸收。
以≥10mg的剂量口服施用GSK2330672明显抑制了回肠胆汁酸转运蛋白。对于健康对象,在该范围内的单剂量显著增加随后48小时内测量的粪便胆汁酸排泄。重复的剂量抑制在给药的第1天和第10天测量的空腹和餐后胆汁酸浓度。通过测量7-α-羟基-4-胆甾烯-3-酮(C4)的血清浓度来估计对抑制的胆汁酸重吸收的预期适应性响应,即肝胆汁酸合成的上调。对于重复剂量的GSK2330672,在给药10天后血清C4浓度增加至10倍。
对于完成在研究200185中采用添加至二甲双胍中的GSK2330672的全部7天治疗期的T2D对象,重复剂量的GSK2330672在第3天从45增加至90mg BID显著降低血清总胆汁酸浓度和增加C4浓度。此外,当与安慰剂相比时,GSK2330672从基线显著降低血浆葡萄糖和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。对于早晨剂量后24小时的曲线下葡萄糖加权平均面积[AUC(0-24h)],降低是统计上显著的[与安慰剂的最小二乘方平均差异(95%置信区间):-34.76mg/dL(-54.67,-14.85)]。GSK2330672引起空腹LDL-C从基线平均降低41.7%,而安慰剂组同期平均增加3.5%。GSK2330672组中的空腹血清甘油三酯相对稳定,且安慰剂组平均降低-16.0%。
对于完成在研究201351中采用添加至二甲双胍中的GSK2330672的14天治疗期的T2D对象,在给药后14小时内,与安慰剂和西格列汀相比从10mg至90mg BID的重复剂量的GSK2330672在所有剂量下降低了循环餐时葡萄糖浓度。与安慰剂和西格列汀相比,在所有剂量下的GSK2330672在给药后14小时内增加血清C4的循环浓度;虽然10mg、20mg、30mg和60mg GSK2330672组的C4浓度似乎在第7天达到平台期,但对于90mg组则不是这种情况,其中第14天值大于第7天的那些。
在T2D对象中的两周剂量范围研究中,当与安慰剂或西格列汀相比时,GSK2330672从基线显著降低血浆葡萄糖和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。与安慰剂和西格列汀组相比,在第7天和第14天的GSK233067230mg、60mg和90mg组中空腹血浆葡萄糖的降低更大。对于90mg BID组,观察到在早晨剂量后24小时的曲线下葡萄糖加权平均面积[AUC(0-24h)]的统计上显著的降低:与安慰剂的最小二乘方平均差异(95%置信区间)为-34.76(-54.67,-14.85)mg/dL。空腹血浆胰岛素的减少在第14天在GSK2330672剂量中是可变的(不具有剂量响应),但是与安慰剂相比,在GSK233067290mg组中观察到最大的减少:(与安慰剂的LS平均差异[95%CI]:-17.61pmol/L[-33.73,-1.48])。与安慰剂和西格列汀相比,在所有GSK2330672剂量组中观察到空腹血清apoB、总胆固醇、直接LDL胆固醇和非HDL胆固醇浓度从基线的降低,没有明显的剂量响应。在GSK233067260mg组中观察到最大的平均降低(与基线的LS平均变化(表示为比率)与安慰剂的差异[95%CI]:0.74(0.66,0.82)。在所有GSK2330672剂量组中存在甘油三酯浓度增加的趋势,并且在任何剂量组中HDL胆固醇没有临床上有意义的变化。
在22名具有PBC瘙痒的患者中的随机的安慰剂对照的14天交叉研究(研究117213)中,正如由3个不同的评定量表(10点数值评定量表、5D瘙痒量表和PBC-40)所证实的那样,与安慰剂相比,90mg BD的GSK2330672导致瘙痒严重程度的统计上显著的降低。瘙痒严重程度的降低发生在GSK2330672的第一周内,在整个2周治疗中继续降低,并且在盲法切换至安慰剂后返回基线。与安慰剂相比,GSK2330672施用后也注意到疲劳、睡眠障碍和全身无力的减少。GSK2330672的统计学显著的靶标结合通过血清总胆汁酸浓度的约50%降低和血清C-4升高至3倍来证明。通过在一小部分对象(21个中的8个)中的分离样品中检测证明GSK2330672被最小程度地吸收。在血浆或尿液中未检测到GSK2330672相关的代谢物。母体化合物(GSK2330672)是在尿液中观察到的唯一药物相关的物质,并且浓度低并且未在所有对象中被观察到。GSK2330672不抑制熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)的吸收,尽管存在UDCA缀合物、甘氨熊去氧胆酸(GUDCA)和牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)的药代动力学的在统计上显著的降低。值得注意的是,在PBC的UDCA治疗的公布的研究中,TUDCA和GUDCA的血浆浓度仍处于与临床效力相关的水平。Dilger K,Hohenester S,Winkler Budenhofer U,Bastiaansen B,Schapp F,Rust C,Beuers U.Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid profiles andintestinal detoxification machinery in primary biliary cirrhosis andhealth.Journal of Hepatology.2012;57:133-40。
Claims (11)
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物A是通过使用环氧化物水解酶动力学拆分外消旋的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷制备的。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述环氧化物水解酶来自Agromyces mediolanusZJB1202030ID。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述环氧化物水解酶是来自Agromyces mediolanusZJB12020301D的环氧化物水解酶的突变体N240D。
11.权利要求8的方法,其中所述外消旋的2-丁基-2-乙基环氧乙烷的浓度是200-330g/L。
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