CN116041098B - Preparation method of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material, cultivation matrix and application - Google Patents
Preparation method of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material, cultivation matrix and application Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 description 11
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloroindophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C1 CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001061906 Caragana Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013442 quality metrics Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermentation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material, a cultivation substrate and application thereof. The invention provides a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, which comprises an agent A and an agent B, wherein the agent A comprises brown coal dust, ground phosphate rock and nano dioxide; the mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide is (1.5-3): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1); the mass ratio of sucrose, urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol in the agent B is (0.5-0.6): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3-0.5). The fermentation synergistic stabilizer of the invention improves the quality of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation product and reduces the dry matter loss in the fermentation process through the synergistic effect of the agent A and the agent B.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermentation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material, a cultivation substrate and application thereof.
Background
The annual accumulated stock of the waste agricultural and forestry straws in China reaches 67 hundred million tons, wherein 8 hundred million tons of crop straws and 1600 ten thousand tons of forestry waste are increased at a rate of 5% -10% of annual average. If the waste agriculture and forestry straws cannot be treated effectively in time, the ecological environment is destroyed, and the water body and the atmosphere are polluted. Therefore, how to effectively treat the waste agriculture and forestry straws and recycle the products becomes a significant outstanding problem facing the sustainable development of the current agriculture. Matrixing fermentation is one of the effective modes of resource utilization of waste agriculture and forestry straws. The waste agriculture and forestry straw is fermented into a cultivation substrate, and then the cultivation substrate is recycled in the planting industry, so that the method is an effective way for recycling the waste agriculture and forestry straw.
With the rapid development of modern agriculture in China, the demand of industrial seedling culture and organic matrix soilless culture for the matrix is increased. However, the use of natural substrates such as turf is limited by the limited storage capacity and the high price, and the damage to the ecological environment caused by the excessive development thereof has been paid widespread attention. Therefore, the waste agriculture and forestry straws are utilized in a recycling way, the substrate which has stable performance, complete functions and can be produced industrially is developed, the huge environmental problem caused by the large-scale emission of organic wastes can be relieved, and the nutrient substrate with excellent quality and low cost can be provided for the agricultural production of China.
Currently, the cultivation area of horticultural crops in facilities in China is basically stabilized at 410 kilohms 2 Left and right. The fermented material formed by the matrixing fermentation of the abandoned agriculture and forestry straw gardening can be used for cultivating facility gardening crops. Therefore, the waste agricultural and forestry straws are scientifically subjected to matrixing fermentation, and the fermentation matrix is effectively applied to facility gardening crop cultivation, so that the method has very important significance for agricultural green production. However, the existing waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation treatment level is good and doped, the overall utilization rate is low, and the problems of high dry matter loss (the dry matter loss amount reaches 50% -65%) exist due to lack of a standardized treatment process and an efficient utilization technology. Therefore, how to improve the quality of the waste agroforestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation product, reduce the dry matter loss in the fermentation process, and facilitate the large-scale production is a difficult point which needs to be overcome by the agroforestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, and the fermentation synergistic stabilizer can be used for fermenting the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixes, so that the dry matter loss in the fermentation process can be reduced, and the quality of fermentation products of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixes can be improved.
The invention provides a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, which comprises an agent A and an agent B, wherein the agent A comprises brown coal dust, ground phosphate rock and nano dioxide; the mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide is (1.5-3): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1);
the agent B comprises sucrose, urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol, wherein the mass ratio of the sucrose, the urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate and the inositol is (0.5-0.6): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3-0.5).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the agent A to the agent B is 2 (7-9).
The invention provides a preparation method of a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the waste agriculture and forestry straws with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer in the technical scheme to obtain a mixed stack;
and (3) regulating the water content of the mixed pile body, sealing and fermenting to obtain the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material.
Preferably, the ambient temperature of the fermentation is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 21-36 d.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste agriculture and forestry straws to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100 (5-10), and the water content of the mixed pile body after adjustment is 55-65%.
The invention provides a cultivation substrate, which comprises a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material and matrix auxiliary materials prepared by the preparation method.
Preferably, the matrix auxiliary materials comprise vermiculite and perlite.
The invention provides the application of the fermentation synergistic stabilizer in reducing one or more of ammonia volatilization, carbon dioxide volatilization, total carbon loss, total nitrogen loss and dry matter loss in the fermentation process.
The invention provides the application of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material obtained by the preparation method or the cultivation matrix in crop planting.
Preferably, the application comprises one or both of 1) to 2);
1) Promoting the growth of one or more of cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings;
2) Improving one or more of tomato fruit yield, vitamin C content, soluble solids content, soluble sugar content and increasing sugar acid ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims to provide a fermentation synergistic stabilizer which comprises an agent A and an agent B, wherein the agent A comprises brown coal dust, ground phosphate rock and nano dioxide; the mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide is (1.5-3): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1); the agent B comprises sucrose, urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol, wherein the mass ratio of the sucrose, the urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate and the inositol is (0.5-0.6): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3-0.5). According to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer, the carbon fixation amount and the nitrogen fixation amount in the fermentation process of the waste agro-forestry straw gardening matrix are improved through the agent A, and the fermentation time can be shortened and the decomposition stability of the waste agro-forestry straw gardening matrix can be enhanced through the agent B; through the synergistic effect of the agent A and the agent B, the quality of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation product is improved, and the dry matter loss in the fermentation process is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 shows fermentation efficiencies of different substrates of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fermentation synergistic stabilizer, which comprises an agent A and an agent B, wherein the agent A comprises brown coal dust, ground phosphate rock and nano silicon dioxide; the mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide is (1.5-3): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1);
the agent B comprises sucrose, urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol, wherein the mass ratio of the sucrose, the urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate and the inositol is (0.5-0.6): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3-0.5).
The mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer A agent is (1.5-3): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1); preferably (1.8 to 2.5): (0.8-1.3): (0.6 to 0.8), more preferably 2:1:0.75. the organic carbon content of the brown coal powder is 40.3-45.6%, the total nitrogen content is 0.45-0.64%, the conductivity is 1.09-1.35 MS/cm, the pH value is 7.54-7.91, and the brown coal powder in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer A has the functions of promoting microorganism carbon fixation and reducing carbon volatilization.
The phosphorus rock powder disclosed by the invention has the mass content of 27.4% -35.2% of total phosphorus, the mass content of 0.86% -1.12% of total carbon, the mass content of total nitrogen and the conductivity of 1.18-1.37 MS/cm, and the pH value of 7.54-7.87; the function of the phosphorus ore powder in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer A is to inhibit ammonia volatilization and accelerate stack decomposition.
The purity of the nano silicon dioxide is 99.1 to 99.6 percent, the grain diameter is 45 to 55nm, and the density is 2.5 to 2.7g/cm 3 The nano silicon dioxide in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer A of the invention has the functions of keeping the humidity of the pile and keeping the activity of microorganisms.
The invention has no special limitation on the sources of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide, and the conventional commercial brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide are adopted.
The mass ratio of sucrose, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B agent is (0.50-0.60): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3 to 0.5), more preferably (0.53 to 0.58): (4.2-4.4): (1.9-2.0): (1.9-2.0): (0.8-0.9): (0.35 to 0.45), more preferably 0.55:4.29:1.98:1.96:0.82:0.4. the sucrose in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B has the functions of exciting the piled bodies to heat and activating microorganisms.
The urea in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B has the effect of inducing microorganisms to accelerate degradation of substances with high degradation difficulty such as lignin, cellulose and the like through excitation.
The fermentation synergistic stabilizer B has the function of supplementing phosphorus and potassium required by microorganisms.
The potassium nitrate in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B has the function of supplementing nitrogen and potassium required by microorganisms.
The magnesium sulfate in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B has the function of supplementing the sulfur and magnesium required by microorganisms.
The inositol in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer B of the invention has the function of providing growth factors for microorganisms.
Matrixing fermentation is one of the effective modes of resource utilization of waste agriculture and forestry straws, but the existing matrixing fermentation lacks efficient treatment process and utilization technology. In the prior art, the problems of large gas volatilization amount, large dry matter loss, long fermentation period and unstable product quality exist in the process of the matrixing fermentation of the waste agriculture and forestry straws. The agent A of the fermentation synergistic stabilizer can improve the carbon fixation amount and the nitrogen fixation amount in the fermentation process of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix, and the agent B of the fermentation synergistic stabilizer can shorten the fermentation time of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix and enhance the matrix decomposition stability.
The fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises an agent A and an agent B, wherein the mass ratio of the agent A to the agent B in the application process is preferably 2 (7-9), and more preferably 2:8. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the agent A and the agent B can be in synergistic effect under the specific mass ratio, the fermentation efficiency is enhanced, the fermentation period is shortened, the quality and the stability of a fermentation product are improved, and the large-scale production is convenient to realize. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer has the characteristics of high speed, high quality, stable property and good application effect.
The sources of the sucrose, the urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate and the inositol are not particularly limited, and the conventional commercially available sucrose, urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate and the inositol can be adopted.
In one embodiment of the invention, the A agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 150 parts of brown coal dust, 50 parts of ground phosphate rock and 50 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the B agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 55 parts of sucrose, 429 parts of urea, 198 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 196 parts of potassium nitrate, 82 parts of magnesium sulfate and 40 parts of inositol.
In another embodiment of the invention, the A agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 135 parts of brown coal dust, 67 parts of ground phosphate rock and 48 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the B agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 55 parts of sucrose, 429 parts of urea, 198 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 196 parts of potassium nitrate, 82 parts of magnesium sulfate and 40 parts of inositol.
In another embodiment of the invention, the A agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 125 parts of brown coal dust, 75 parts of ground phosphate rock and 50 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the B agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 55 parts of sucrose, 429 parts of urea, 198 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 196 parts of potassium nitrate, 82 parts of magnesium sulfate and 40 parts of inositol.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the agent A in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 600 parts of brown coal dust, 200 parts of ground phosphate rock and 200 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the B agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises 55 parts of sucrose, 429 parts of urea, 198 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 196 parts of potassium nitrate, 82 parts of magnesium sulfate and 40 parts of inositol.
The invention provides a preparation method of a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material, which comprises the following steps: mixing the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer in the technical scheme to obtain a mixed stack; and (3) regulating the water content of the mixed pile body, sealing the mixed pile body for fermentation, and obtaining the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material.
The matrixing in the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material refers to that the waste agriculture and forestry straw is used as a raw material to perform bulk fermentation to produce a matrix for planting fruits and vegetables.
The waste agroforestry straw gardening matrix is preferably crushed before fermentation, the particle size of the crushed waste agroforestry straw gardening matrix is preferably 0.3-2.0 cm, the crushing function is to increase the surface area of the straw, so that microorganisms are convenient to decompose and the matrix is fast and stable, the crushing parameter is not particularly limited, and the conventional method is adopted. The waste agroforestry straw gardening matrix preferably comprises crop plants and/or garden branches, the crop plants preferably comprise corn straws and/or wheat straws, and the garden branches preferably comprise one or more of caragana microphylla, grape branches, apple tree branches and peach branches. The grain diameter of the crushed caragana microphylla is preferably 0.3-0.6 cm, more preferably 0.4-0.5 cm; the particle size of the crushed grape branches is preferably 0.3-0.5 cm, more preferably 0.35-0.45 cm. The grain diameter of the crushed peach branches is preferably 0.5-0.8 cm, more preferably 0.6-0.7 cm; the grain size of the crushed corn stalks is preferably 1.0-2.0 cm, more preferably 1.2-1.8 cm, and even more preferably 1.3-1.5 cm.
The invention obtains a mixed pile body after crushing the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix and mixing the crushed matrix with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer. In the invention, the mass ratio of the crushed waste agricultural and forestry straw gardening matrixes to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is preferably 100 (5-10), more preferably 100 (5.5-9.5).
When the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix is caragana microphylla, the mass ratio of the caragana microphylla to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is preferably 100:5.5; when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix is grape branches, the mass ratio of the grape branches to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is preferably 100:8.5; when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix is peach branches, the mass ratio of the peach branches to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is preferably 100:9.5; when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix is corn straw, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is preferably 100:7.5.
Obtaining a mixed pile body; the water content of the mixed pile body is regulated, and then the mixed pile body is sealed for fermentation. The water content of the mixed pile body after the adjustment of the invention is preferably 55% -65%, more preferably 58% -63%, and even more preferably 60%, and the water content adjustment of the invention has the function of maintaining the activity of microorganisms, so that the pile body is decomposed conveniently and the stability is accelerated. When the water content of the mixed pile is regulated, the addition amount of water is calculated by taking the fresh weight of the waste agricultural and forestry straw gardening matrixes as a reference.
After the water content is regulated, the mixed pile body is sealed, preferably the mixed pile body is sealed at the periphery. The material used for sealing is preferably a polyethylene plastic film, and more preferably a mixed pile body is covered with the polyethylene plastic film and sealed around. The polyethylene plastic film of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 0.08 to 0.10mm, more preferably 0.09mm.
The polyethylene plastic film is preferably perforated with small holes with the diameter of 12mm, the diameter of the small holes is preferably 11-14 mm, more preferably 12mm, and the hole distance between the small holes is preferably 28-32 cm, more preferably 30cm. The effect of the small holes is ventilation, and the fermentation of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixes is promoted.
The invention seals the mixed pile for fermentation. The ambient temperature of the fermentation according to the present invention is preferably 30 to 40 ℃, more preferably 32 to 37 ℃, still more preferably 33 to 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is preferably 21 to 36d, more preferably 28 to 33d, still more preferably 30d. The fermentation is preferably stopped by taking the fermentation temperature which is 0-5 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature and the fermentation temperature tends to be stable as a standard.
The fermentation synergistic stabilizer of the invention is used for fermenting the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix, the volatilization amount of ammonia gas is reduced by 5.6 to 12.3 percent, the volatilization amount of carbon dioxide is reduced by 8.8 to 14.4 percent, the total carbon loss is reduced by 12.3 to 16.7 percent, the total nitrogen loss is reduced by 10.4 to 28.8 percent, the dry matter loss is reduced by 8.9 to 11.1 percent, the fermentation time is shortened by 8 to 14 days, and the generation rate of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrix is improved by 8.8 to 11.1 percent.
The fermentation synergistic stabilizer can perform rapid gardening matrixing fermentation aiming at waste agriculture and forestry straws (such as corn straws, wheat straws, grape branches, peach branches, apple tree branches and caragana microphylla), has the characteristics of short time consumption, small gas volatilization amount and low dry matter loss, can enhance fermentation efficiency, shortens fermentation period, improves fermentation product quality and stability, and is convenient for large-scale production.
The waste agroforestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material obtained by the invention can be used for raising seedlings and cultivating horticultural crops. The horticultural crop according to the invention is preferably one or more of cucumber, tomato, radish and lettuce.
The invention provides a cultivation substrate, which comprises a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material and matrix auxiliary materials prepared by the preparation method.
The volume ratio of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material to the matrixing auxiliary material is preferably (0.75-2.5): 1, more preferably (1 to 2): 1.
when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material is caragana microphylla matrixing fermentation material, the volume ratio of the caragana microphylla matrixing fermentation material to the matrix auxiliary material is preferably 5:4, a step of;
when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material is grape branch matrixing fermentation material, the volume ratio of the grape branch matrixing fermentation material to the matrix auxiliary material is preferably 1.5:2;
when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material is peach branch matrixing fermentation material, the volume ratio of the peach branch matrixing fermentation material to matrix auxiliary material is preferably 2:2;
when the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material is corn straw matrixing fermentation material, the volume ratio of the corn straw matrixing fermentation material to the matrix auxiliary material is preferably 5:2.
the matrix auxiliary materials preferably comprise vermiculite and perlite. The vermiculite provided by the invention has the function of regulating the water holding capacity of a matrix, and the perlite has the function of regulating the porosity of the matrix. The volume ratio of vermiculite to perlite is preferably 1: (1-2), more preferably 1:1.
the invention provides the application of the fermentation synergistic stabilizer in reducing one or more of ammonia volatilization, carbon dioxide volatilization, total carbon loss, total nitrogen loss and dry matter loss in the fermentation process.
The invention provides the application of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material obtained by the preparation method or the cultivation matrix in crop planting.
The use according to the invention preferably comprises one or both of 1) to 2);
1) Promoting the growth of one or more of cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings;
2) Improving one or more of tomato fruit yield, vitamin C content, soluble solids content, soluble sugar content and increasing sugar acid ratio.
The method for promoting the growth of cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings comprises promoting one or more of plant height growth, stem thickness growth, leaf area growth, whole plant fresh weight growth and whole plant dry weight growth of seedlings, and more preferably promoting plant height growth, stem thickness growth, leaf area growth, whole plant fresh weight growth and whole plant dry weight growth simultaneously.
The invention improves one or more of the fruit yield, the vitamin C content, the soluble solid content, the soluble sugar content and the sugar-acid ratio of the tomatoes, and further preferably improves the fruit yield, the vitamin C content, the soluble solid content, the soluble sugar content and the sugar-acid ratio of the tomatoes simultaneously.
After the horticultural crop cultivation medium is prepared by the invention, the plant height of the cucumber seedlings in the growing process is increased by 0.34-4.40 cm, the stem thickness is increased by 0.50-1.25 cm, and the leaf area is increased by 0.10-4.54 cm 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 1.69-6.81 g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.10-0.61 g.
The plant height of the radish seedling in the growing process is increased by 0.51-1.85 cm, the stem thickness is increased by 0.22-0.81 cm, and the leaf area is increased by 1.55-4.33 cm 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.52-3.85 g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.05-0.39 g.
The plant height of the tomato seedlings in the growing process is increased by 5.01-10.35 cm, the stem thickness is increased by 0.20-2.27 cm, and the leaf area is increased by 2.68-6.51 cm 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 4.82 g to 18.55g,the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.48-1.60 g.
The plant height of lettuce seedlings in the growth process is increased by 1.60-12.04 cm, the stem thickness is increased by 1.25-2.59 cm, and the leaf area is increased by 1.69-15.85 cm 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 4.85-16.24 g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.31-1.34 g.
After the culture medium of the invention is applied, the fruit yield of tomatoes is increased by 48.2-259.8 kg/667m 2 The content of vitamin C is increased by 3.14 to 9.25mg/100g, the content of soluble solids is increased by 0.94 to 1.68 mg/100g, the content of soluble sugar is increased by 0.93 to 2.83 mg/100g, and the sugar-acid ratio is increased by 1.11 to 4.27.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1, composition of fermentation synergistic stabilizer:
the fermentation synergistic stabilizer consists of an agent A and an agent B;
the A agent comprises the following components: 150g of brown coal powder, 50g of phosphate rock powder and 50g of nano silicon dioxide;
the composition of the agent B with the mass of 1kg is as follows: 55g of sucrose, 429g of urea, 198g of monopotassium phosphate, 196g of potassium nitrate, 82g of magnesium sulfate and 40g of inositol.
2, caragana microphylla fermentation step:
the method comprises the steps of mixing 100000g of caragana microphylla with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm after crushing with 5500g of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the caragana microphylla to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100:5.5, wherein the A agent is 1100g, the B agent is 4400g, adjusting the water content of a caragana microphylla stack to 60% (based on fresh weight) after mixing, covering a perforated polyethylene plastic film after adjusting the water content of the mixed caragana microphylla stack, and sealing the periphery of the perforated polyethylene plastic film for fermentation. The thickness of the polyethylene plastic film is 0.08-0.10mm, and small holes with the diameter of 12mm are punched on the film, and the hole pitch is 30cm. The ambient temperature of the fermentation is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 27d, thus obtaining the caragana microphylla matrixed fermentation material. Fermenting until the fermentation temperature is 0-5 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature, and judging that the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature tends to be stable.
Example 2
1. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises the following components:
the fermentation synergistic stabilizer consists of an agent A and an agent B;
the A agent with the mass of 1kg comprises the following components: 540g of brown coal powder, 268g of ground phosphate rock and 192g of nano silicon dioxide;
the composition of the agent B with the mass of 1kg is as follows: 55g of sucrose, 429g of urea, 198g of monopotassium phosphate, 196g of potassium nitrate, 82g of magnesium sulfate and 40g of inositol.
2. Grape branch fermentation:
and (3) mixing 100000g of crushed grape branches with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 cm with 8500g of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the grape branches to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100:8.5, wherein the A agent is 1700g and the B agent is 6800g, regulating the water content of the grape branch stack to 65% (based on fresh weight) after mixing, covering the perforated polyethylene plastic film after regulating the water content of the mixed grape branch stack, and sealing the periphery for fermentation. The thickness of the polyethylene plastic film is 0.08-0.10mm, and small holes with the diameter of 12mm are punched on the film, and the hole pitch is 30cm. The ambient temperature of fermentation is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 36d, so as to obtain the grape branch matrixed fermentation material. Fermenting until the fermentation temperature is 0-5 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature, and judging that the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature tends to be stable.
Example 3
1. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises the following components:
the fermentation synergistic stabilizer consists of an agent A and an agent B;
the A agent with the mass of 1kg comprises the following components: 500g of brown coal dust, 300g of ground phosphate rock and 200g of nano silicon dioxide;
the composition of the agent B with the mass of 1kg is as follows: 55g of sucrose, 429g of urea, 198g of monopotassium phosphate, 196g of potassium nitrate, 82g of magnesium sulfate and 40g of inositol.
2. And (3) fermenting peach branches:
100000g of crushed peach branches with the particle size of 0.5-0.8 cm are mixed with 9500g of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, the mixing mass ratio of the peach branches to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100:9.5, the A agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 1900g, the B agent in the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 7600g, the water content of the peach branch pile body is regulated to 65% (based on fresh weight) after mixing, the water content of the mixed peach branch pile body is regulated, then the perforated polyethylene plastic film is covered, and the periphery is sealed for fermentation. The thickness of the polyethylene plastic film is 0.08-0.10mm, and small holes with the diameter of 12mm are punched on the film, and the hole pitch is 30cm. The ambient temperature of fermentation is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 33d, thus obtaining the peach branch matrixed fermentation material. Fermenting until the fermentation temperature is 0-5 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature, and judging that the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature tends to be stable.
Example 4
1. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer comprises the following components:
the fermentation synergistic stabilizer consists of an agent A and an agent B;
the A agent with the mass of 1kg comprises the following components: 600g of brown coal powder, 200g of phosphate rock powder and 200g of nano silicon dioxide;
the composition of the agent B with the mass of 1kg is as follows: 55g of sucrose, 429g of urea, 198g of monopotassium phosphate, 196g of potassium nitrate, 82g of magnesium sulfate and 40g of inositol.
2. The corn stalk fermentation step:
the method comprises the steps of mixing 100000g of crushed corn straw with the particle size of 0.5-0.8 cm with 7500g of fermentation synergistic stabilizer, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the corn straw to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100:7.5, the A agent is 1500g, the B agent is 6000g, the water content of the corn straw pile body is adjusted to 55% (based on fresh weight) after mixing, covering the perforated polyethylene plastic film after adjusting the water content of the mixed corn straw pile body, and fermenting after sealing the periphery. The thickness of the polyethylene plastic film is 0.08-0.10mm, and small holes with the diameter of 12mm are punched on the film, and the hole pitch is 30cm. The ambient temperature of fermentation is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 21d, thus obtaining the corn stalk matrixed fermentation material. Fermenting until the fermentation temperature is 0-5 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature, and judging that the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature tends to be stable.
Comparative example 1
The only difference was the addition of a horticultural matrixing starter prepared according to the method in patent number CN201910839582.5 as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The only difference was the addition of a horticultural matrixing starter prepared according to the method in patent number CN201910839582.5 as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
The only difference was the addition of a horticultural matrixing starter prepared according to the method in patent number CN201910839582.5 as in example 3.
Comparative example 4
The only difference was the addition of a horticultural matrixing starter prepared according to the method in patent number CN201910839582.5 as in example 4.
Application example 1
The substrate formation rates of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured, and the calculation formulas of the substrate formation rates were as follows:
matrix formation = matrix formation weight/raw material weight x 100%;
the fermentation efficiency of the substrates was evaluated using the substrate formation rate index and the fermentation time index, and the fermentation efficiency of the different substrates is shown in fig. 1 and table 1. As can be seen from fig. 1 and table 1, the examples shortened the fermentation time and increased the substrate yield for the caragana microphylla substrate, the grape branch substrate, the peach branch substrate, and the corn stalk substrate compared to the comparative examples. Overall, the fermentation time of examples 1 to 4 was shortened by 8 to 14d and the substrate formation rate was improved by 8.8% to 11.1% as compared with comparative examples 1 to 4. In fig. 1, control group 1 represents comparative example 1, test group 1 represents example 1, control group 2 represents comparative example 2, test group 2 represents example 2, control group 3 represents comparative example 3, test group 3 represents example 3, control group 4 represents comparative example 4, and test group 4 represents example 4.
TABLE 1 substrate formation rates and fermentation times for examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4
The ammonia volatilization amounts of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured by an ammonia probe; measuring the carbon dioxide volatilization amounts of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 by using a carbon dioxide probe;
the total carbon loss, total nitrogen loss, and dry matter loss of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were calculated according to the following formulas, and the results are shown in table 2. Wherein the carbon content and the nitrogen content of the material are measured by a full-automatic carbon-nitrogen analyzer by a combustion method, and the dry matter content is measured by a dry weighing method.
Total carbon loss = carbon loss amount/raw material carbon amount x 100%;
total nitrogen loss = amount of nitrogen loss/amount of raw material nitrogen x 100%;
dry matter loss = dry matter loss amount/raw material dry matter amount x 100%.
As can be seen from table 2, the ammonia volatilization amount, carbon dioxide volatilization amount, total carbon loss, total nitrogen loss and dry matter loss of the examples were significantly reduced as compared with the comparative examples. Overall, the ammonia volatilization in examples 1 to 4 was reduced by 5.6 to 12.3%, the carbon dioxide volatilization was reduced by 8.8 to 14.4%, the total carbon loss was reduced by 12.3 to 16.7%, the total nitrogen loss was reduced by 10.4 to 28.8%, and the dry matter loss was reduced by 8.9 to 11.1% as compared with comparative examples 1 to 4.
TABLE 2 volatilization of gases and nutrient loss for examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4
Example 5
The caragana microphylla matrixed ferment material prepared in the example 1 is mixed with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 5:2:2, so as to obtain the horticultural crop cultivation matrix.
Example 6
Mixing the grape branch matrixed fermentation material prepared in the example 2 with vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 1.5:1:1 to obtain a horticultural crop cultivation matrix.
Example 7
Mixing the peach branch matrixed fermentation material prepared in the example 3 with vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 2.0:1:1 to obtain a horticultural crop cultivation matrix.
Example 8
Mixing the corn stalk matrixed ferment material prepared in the example 4 with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 5:1:1 to obtain the horticultural crop cultivation substrate.
Comparative example 5
The only difference was that the caragana matrixed ferment prepared in comparative example 1 was used as in example 5.
Comparative example 6
The only difference was the application of the grape shoot-based starter culture prepared in comparative example 2 to example 6.
Comparative example 7
The only difference was the application of the grape shoot-based starter culture prepared in comparative example 3 to example 7.
Comparative example 8
The only difference was the application of the grape shoot-based starter culture prepared in comparative example 4 to example 8.
Cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings are planted by using the horticultural crop cultivation substrates of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 respectively, and other planting conditions (planting temperature 20 to 28 ℃ in daytime, 10 to 18 ℃ in night, planting days 30 days, and watering frequency once in 3 days) are completely the same. The measurement was performed 35 days after the planting.
Measuring the plant heights of the crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 by using a tape measure;
measuring the stem thickness of the crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 by using a vernier caliper;
leaf area of the crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 was measured using a leaf area meter;
the whole plant fresh weight of the crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 was measured by a weighing method;
the dry weight index of the whole plants of the crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 was measured by a stoving weighing method.
The results are shown in tables 3 to 6. As is clear from Table 3, the cucumber seedlings are cultivated by using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared according to the present invention, and the cucumber seedlings of examples 5 to 8 have a plant height of 0.34 to 4.40cm, a stem thickness of 0.50 to 1.25cm and a leaf area of 0.10 to 4.54cm in the growth process, as compared with comparative examples 5 to 8 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 1.69 to the upper extent6.81g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.10 to 0.61g.
TABLE 3 growth index of cucumber in different cultivation substrates
| Height of plant (cm) | Stem thickness (mm) | Leaf area (cm) 3 ) | Fresh weight of whole plant (g) | Whole plant dry weight (g) | |
| Comparative example 5 | 9.18±0.05 | 3.02±0.03 | 4.55±0.04 | 8.30±0.05 | 1.07±0.03 |
| Comparative example 6 | 11.82±0.11 | 3.54±0.02 | 6.64±0.07 | 10.75±0.10 | 0.96±0.02 |
| Comparative example 7 | 9.09±0.05 | 2.97±0.02 | 4.97±0.04 | 9.34±0.05 | 1.10±0.03 |
| Comparative example 8 | 10.50±0.07 | 3.28±0.01 | 7.56±0.08 | 10.46±0.02 | 0.93±0.03 |
| Example 5 | 13.29±0.07 | 4.27±0.03 | 9.09±0.06 | 14.73±0.13 | 1.57±0.05 |
| Example 6 | 12.16±0.09 | 4.04±0.04 | 6.74±0.06 | 12.44±0.05 | 1.18±0.04 |
| Example 7 | 13.49±0.08 | 4.22±0.03 | 7.19±0.05 | 12.53±0.01 | 1.20±0.04 |
| Example 8 | 13.28±0.07 | 4.26±0.01 | 9.33±0.05 | 17.27±0.08 | 1.54±0.03 |
Table 4 shows growth index data of the cultivation substrate for horticultural crops of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8 for growing seedlings of radish, it is clear from Table 4 that the cultivation substrate for horticultural crops of examples 5 to 8 prepared by the present invention is used for cultivation of seedlings of radish, and compared with comparative examples 5 to 8, the seedlings of radish of examples 5 to 8 have a plant height of 0.51 to 1.85cm, a stem thickness of 0.22 to 0.81cm and a leaf area of 1.55 to 4.33cm 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.52-3.85 g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.05-0.39 g.
TABLE 4 growth index of radishes in different cultivation substrates
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Table 5 shows growth index data of tomato seedlings grown on horticultural crop cultivation substrates of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8, and it is apparent from Table 5 that tomato seedlings are cultivated in examples 5 to 8 using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention, and that the heights of tomato seedlings in examples 5 to 8 during growth are increased by 5.01 to 10.35cm, the stem thicknesses are increased by 0.20 to 2.27cm, and the leaf areas are increased by 2.68 to 6.51cm, as compared with comparative examples 5 to 8 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 4.82-18.55 g, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.48-1.60 g.
TABLE 5 growth index of tomato in different cultivation substrates
| Height of plant (cm) | Stem thickness (mm) | Leaf area (cm) 3 ) | Fresh weight of whole plant (g) | Whole plant dry weight (g) | |
| Comparative example 5 | 16.22±0.12 | 3.44±0.01 | 6.02±0.05 | 9.40±0.07 | 1.09±0.03 |
| Comparative example 6 | 17.02±0.11 | 4.64±0.01 | 8.36±0.08 | 13.45±0.06 | 1.55±0.04 |
| Comparative example 7 | 15.70±0.09 | 3.55±0.02 | 6.74±0.06 | 11.62±0.09 | 1.19±0.03 |
| Comparative example 8 | 16.67±0.17 | 4.22±0.02 | 9.45±0.10 | 13.06±0.08 | 1.50±0.05 |
| Example 5 | 22.10±0.16 | 5.65±0.06 | 12.53±0.09 | 25.03±0.14 | 2.19±0.07 |
| Example 6 | 23.36±0.18 | 4.84±0.03 | 11.04±0.06 | 18.27±0.10 | 2.03±0.05 |
| Example 7 | 26.05±0.26 | 5.82±0.04 | 12.98±0.12 | 30.17±0.19 | 2.79±0.08 |
| Example 8 | 21.68±0.16 | 5.71±0.03 | 15.54±0.07 | 24.89±0.15 | 2.44±0.07 |
Table 6 shows growth index data of lettuce seedlings grown on the horticultural crop cultivation substrates of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 8. As can be seen from Table 6, the cultivation of lettuce seedlings by the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in examples 5 to 8 according to the present invention increased plant height by 1.60 to 12.04cm, increased stem thickness by 1.25 to 2.59cm and increased leaf area by 1.69 to 15.85cm in the growth process of the lettuce seedlings of examples 5 to 8 as compared with comparative examples 5 to 8 3 The fresh weight of the whole plant is increased by 4.85-16.24, and the dry weight of the whole plant is increased by 0.31-1.34 g.
TABLE 6 growth index of lettuce in different cultivation Medium
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Example 9
Tomato seedlings were planted using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in example 5.
Example 10
Tomato seedlings were planted using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in example 6.
Example 11
Tomato seedlings were planted using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in example 6.
Example 12
Tomato seedlings were planted using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in example 6.
Comparative example 9
Tomato seedlings were planted with a commercial substrate (danish grass carbon-based substrate).
Other planting conditions of examples 9 to 12 and comparative example 9 were exactly the same.
Determining the vitamin C content of tomatoes by adopting a 2, 6-dichloro indophenol titration method;
measuring the content of soluble solids of tomatoes by adopting a refractometer method;
determining the soluble sugar content of tomato by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method;
determining the titratable acid content of the tomatoes by adopting an indicator titration method;
the calculation formula of the sugar acid ratio is as follows: soluble sugar content/titratable acid content.
The specific results are shown in Table 7. As can be seen from Table 7, the tomato cultivation using the horticultural crop cultivation substrate prepared in examples 9 to 12 provided by the present invention increased fruit yield of tomatoes of examples 9 to 12 by 48.2 to 259.8kg/667m as compared with comparative example 9 2 The content of vitamin C is increased by 3.14 to 9.25mg/100g, the content of soluble solids is increased by 0.94 to 1.68 mg/100g, the content of soluble sugar is increased by 0.93 to 2.83 mg/100g, and the sugar-acid ratio is increased by 1.11 to 4.27.
TABLE 7 tomato yield and quality metrics for examples 9-12 and comparative example 9
In conclusion, the fermentation synergistic stabilizer can reduce the ammonia volatilization amount, carbon dioxide volatilization amount, total carbon loss amount, total nitrogen loss amount and dry matter loss amount in the fermentation process of the agricultural and forestry waste straw gardening matrix; the cultivation substrate prepared by fermenting the agricultural and forestry waste straw gardening substrate can promote the growth of cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings, including the growth of plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, fresh weight of whole plants and dry weight of whole plants, and the fruit yield, vitamin C content, soluble solid content, soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer is characterized by comprising an agent A and an agent B, wherein the agent A comprises brown coal dust, ground phosphate rock and nano silicon dioxide; the mass ratio of the brown coal powder, the phosphate rock powder and the nano silicon dioxide is (1.5-3): (0.5 to 1.5): (0.5-1);
the agent B consists of sucrose, urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and inositol, wherein the mass ratio of the sucrose, the urea, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate to the inositol is (0.5-0.6): (4-4.5): 1.8-2.1): (1.8-2.1): (0.75-1): (0.3 to 0.5); the mass ratio of the agent A to the agent B is 2 (7-9).
2. The fermentation synergistic stabilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the agent a to the agent B is 2:8.
3. The preparation method of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing waste agriculture and forestry straws with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer of claim 1 or 2 to obtain a mixed stack;
adjusting the water content of the mixed pile body, sealing and fermenting to obtain a waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material; the fermentation environment temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 21-36 d; the mass ratio of the waste agriculture and forestry straws to the fermentation synergistic stabilizer is 100 (5-10), and the water content of the mixed pile body after adjustment is 55-65%.
4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein when the waste agricultural and forestry straw is caragana microphylla, the caragana microphylla is fermented after being mixed with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 27d;
when the waste agriculture and forestry straws are grape branches, and the grape branches are mixed with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 36d;
when the waste agricultural and forestry straws are peach branches, and the peach branches are mixed with the fermentation synergistic stabilizer for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 33d;
when the abandoned agriculture and forestry straws are corn straws, and the corn straws and the fermentation synergistic stabilizer are mixed for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 21d.
5. A cultivation substrate, which is characterized in that the cultivation substrate comprises the waste agroforestry straw gardening matrixing ferment material and the substrate auxiliary material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 3-4; the volume ratio of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixing fermentation material to the matrixing auxiliary material is (0.75-2.5): 1.
6. the culture substrate of claim 5, wherein the substrate adjuvants include vermiculite and perlite.
7. Use of a fermentation synergistic stabilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for reducing one or more of ammonia volatilization, carbon dioxide volatilization, total carbon loss, total nitrogen loss and dry matter loss in a fermentation process.
8. The application of the waste agriculture and forestry straw gardening matrixed fermentation material obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 3-4 or the cultivation matrix of claim 5 or 6 in crop planting.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the use comprises one or both of 1) to 2);
1) Promoting the growth of one or more of cucumber seedlings, tomato seedlings, radish seedlings and lettuce seedlings;
2) Improving one or more of tomato fruit yield, vitamin C content, soluble solids content, soluble sugar content and increasing sugar acid ratio.
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