CN116038321B

CN116038321B - Automatic press-fitting device and method for intermediate shaft bearing and clamp spring of main gearbox

Info

Publication number: CN116038321B
Application number: CN202211699454.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 耿利强; 严鉴铂; 寇植达; 张亚光; 张燕
Original assignee: Shaanxi Fast Gear Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Fast Gear Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-28
Filing date: 2022-12-28
Publication date: 2024-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 2042-12-28
Also published as: CN116038321A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for automatically press-fitting a middle shaft bearing and a clamp spring of a main gearbox, wherein an electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is arranged at the top of a press, a middle pressing head mechanism is arranged on a middle backboard of the press, a right pressing head mechanism is arranged on a right backboard of the press, a left pressing head mechanism and a three-pin pressing head mechanism are arranged on a left pneumatic sliding table mechanism, a three-pin sliding table mechanism is arranged on the left side of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism, a lifting mechanism is arranged on the lower side of a track at the bottom of the press, and a clamp spring counting mechanism and a clamp spring press-fitting mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the press; the lifting mechanism lifts the speed changer, the pneumatic sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move, and the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is used for pressing the bearing inner ring and the middle bearing; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the bearing outer ring; the three-pin sliding table mechanism conveys the pin to the lower part of the three-pin pressure head mechanism for press fitting; the clamp spring counting mechanism pushes the clamp spring to the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism to be pressed in place, so that the reliability of the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring in the press-fitting process is ensured.

Description

Automatic press-fitting device and method for intermediate shaft bearing and clamp spring of main gearbox

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of speed variators, and relates to an automatic press-fitting device and method for a main box intermediate shaft bearing and a clamp spring of a speed changer.

Background

The integrated AMT belongs to a new generation of AMT and comprises an AMT special transmission, an integrated gear selecting and shifting unit, a central clutch executing unit, TCU bottom software, TCU application software and the like. The product has very high requirements on the assembly process and assembly means, has high automation rate of the assembly production line, fully utilizes the technologies of man-machine cooperation, error prevention, on-line detection and the like, and is a flexible lean production line leading in the industry. The AMT special transmission is of a structure of a double intermediate shaft and a main and auxiliary box, power is input from a first shaft and then split onto two intermediate shafts, then converged to a second shaft and output to the auxiliary box and a flange plate, and power is output to an axle. The front end and the rear end of the shaft and the middle shaft are respectively provided with a bearing support, the two front end middle shaft bearings are of an inner ring and outer ring split type structure according to the design requirement of products, and the front bearing of the shaft is a deep groove ball bearing. In order to prevent the axial movement of the three bearings, the three bearings are all provided with snap springs for limiting. An oil pump is mounted at the left bearing and positioned on the transmission housing with three pins. I.e. here three bearings, three snap springs and three pins are to be assembled. The traditional method is to use a fixture to smash and mount the bearing, or use a press to press and mount the inner ring and the outer ring of the split bearing simultaneously, the clamp spring pliers are mounted with clamp springs, and the fixture is used to smash and mount three pins. The method for assembling the bearing has the advantages that the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are not bonded, impurities are easy to fall off when the tool is used for smashing and assembling, and the cleanliness of products is affected; the method for assembling the clamp spring by the clamp spring pliers has the risk of neglecting to assemble the clamp spring; the frock is pounded dress three round pins, also has neglected loading risk.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the inner ring and the outer ring of a bearing are not completely attached and cannot be installed in place when the bearing is installed in the prior art, and provides an automatic press-fitting device and an automatic press-fitting method for a main box intermediate shaft bearing and a clamp spring of a speed changer.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the main gearbox comprises a press, an electric cylinder sliding table mechanism, a middle press head mechanism, a right press head mechanism, a left press head mechanism, a three-pin sliding table mechanism, a pneumatic sliding table mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a clamp spring counting mechanism and a clamp spring press-fitting mechanism;

The electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is arranged at the top of the press, the middle pressure head mechanism is arranged on a backboard at the middle part of the press, the right pressure head mechanism is arranged on a backboard at the right side of the press, the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism are arranged on a pneumatic sliding table mechanism at the left side, the bottom of the three-pin sliding table mechanism is lower than the pneumatic sliding table mechanism, the three-pin sliding table mechanism extends out from the bottom of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism to the bottom of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, the lifting mechanism is arranged at the lower side of a track at the bottom of the press, and the clamp spring counting mechanism and the clamp spring pressing mechanism are sequentially arranged at one side of the press;

the lifting mechanism lifts the speed changer, the pneumatic sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move, and the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism presses bearing inner rings arranged on the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism and intermediate bearings on the intermediate pressure head mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the bearing outer ring; the three-pin sliding table mechanism is used for conveying the pin to the lower part of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, and the pneumatic sliding table mechanism is used for driving the three-pin pressure head mechanism to press the pin; the clamp spring counting mechanism pushes the clamp spring to the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism, and the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism presses the clamp spring in place.

The invention further improves that:

The electric cylinder sliding table mechanism comprises a top seat, a waist-shaped hole is formed in the center of the top seat, electric cylinder guide rails are respectively arranged on two sides of the waist-shaped hole, a first sliding plate and a second sliding plate are arranged on the electric cylinder guide rails, the first electric cylinder penetrates through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the first sliding plate, the first electric cylinder is driven by the first servo electric cylinder to move along the electric cylinder guide rails, the second electric cylinder penetrates through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the second sliding plate, the second electric cylinder is driven by the second servo electric cylinder to move along the electric cylinder guide rails, a first boss is arranged on the first sliding plate, and a second boss is arranged on the second sliding plate.

The middle pressure head mechanism comprises a middle pressure head support, a first middle pressure head guide rail is arranged on the middle pressure head support, the middle pressure head is arranged on the first middle pressure head guide rail through a flat plate, the middle pressure head is of an inner and outer sleeve type structure, the top is a middle pressure head groove, middle pressure head springs are sleeved outside the middle pressure head support, a plurality of middle pressure head buckles are uniformly arranged at the end parts, middle pressure head pins are arranged at intervals of the middle pressure head buckles, clamp spring grooves are formed in the two ends of the middle pressure head pins and used for installing middle pressure head clamp springs, the middle pressure head springs are vertically arranged at the upper parts of the middle pressure head buckles, and middle pressure head ball plungers are arranged at the bottoms of the middle pressure head buckles; the flat plate is provided with a middle pressure head square groove and a second middle pressure head guide rail, and one side of the middle pressure head square groove is provided with a middle pressure head cylinder.

The right pressure head mechanism comprises a right pressure head mechanism support, a first right pressure head guide rail is arranged on the right pressure head mechanism support, a right pressure head is arranged on the first right pressure head guide rail through a flat plate, the right pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top of the right pressure head mechanism is provided with a right pressure head groove, a right pressure head spring is sleeved outside the right pressure head mechanism, a plurality of right pressure head buckles are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the right pressure head mechanism support, right pressure head pins are arranged at intervals of the right pressure head buckles, clamp spring grooves are formed in the two ends of the right pressure head pins and are used for installing right pressure head clamp springs, the right pressure head spring is vertically arranged at the upper part of the right pressure head buckles, and right pressure head ball plungers are arranged at the bottom of the right pressure head buckles; the flat plate is provided with a right pressure head square groove and a second right pressure head guide rail, and a right pressure head cylinder is arranged on one side of the right pressure head square groove;

the left pressure head mechanism comprises a left pressure head mechanism support, a first left pressure head guide rail is arranged on the left pressure head mechanism support, a left pressure head is arranged on the first left pressure head guide rail through a flat plate, the left pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top of the left pressure head is provided with a left pressure head groove, left pressure head springs are sleeved outside the left pressure head mechanism, a plurality of left pressure head buckles are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the left pressure head springs, left pressure head pins are arranged at intervals of the left pressure head buckles, clamp spring grooves are formed in the two ends of the left pressure head pins and are used for installing left pressure head clamp springs, the left pressure head springs are vertically arranged at the upper parts of the left pressure head buckles, and left pressure head ball plungers are arranged at the bottoms of the left pressure head buckles; the left pressure head square groove is formed in the flat plate, the second left pressure head guide rail is arranged on the flat plate, and the left pressure head cylinder is arranged on one side of the left pressure head square groove.

The three-pin pressure head mechanism comprises a three-pin pressure head mechanism bracket, a three-pin pressure head first guide rail is arranged on the three-pin pressure head mechanism bracket, the three-pin pressure head is arranged on the three-pin pressure head first guide rail through a flat plate, the three-pin pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top is a three-pin pressure head groove, and a three-pin pressure head ball plunger is arranged at the bottom; the flat plate is provided with a three-pin pressure head square groove and is provided with a three-pin pressure head second guide rail, and one side of the three-pin pressure head square groove is provided with a three-pin pressure head cylinder.

The pneumatic sliding table structure comprises a pneumatic sliding table support, a pneumatic sliding table cylinder is arranged on the pneumatic sliding table support, the pneumatic sliding table cylinder drives a left pressure head mechanism and a three-pin pressure head mechanism which are fixed on a sliding table to move on a guide rail, a first photoelectric switch and a second photoelectric switch are arranged on the lower side of the sliding table, and a pushing damper and a pushing limiter are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding table.

The three-pin sliding table mechanism comprises a three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table guide rail is arranged on the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a third photoelectric switch and a fourth photoelectric switch are arranged on the side face of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing damper is arranged at one end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing limiter is arranged at the other end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a pin tray is arranged on the three-pin sliding table guide rail and pushed by a long cylinder of the three-pin sliding table, a supporting plate and a vibration hopper are arranged on the pin tray, the supporting plate is arranged on the pin tray through two guide posts, a three-pin sliding table cylinder is arranged below the supporting plate, three pin counters are arranged on the pin tray, the vibration hopper transmits pins to a pin hole through a pipeline, and two proximity switches are arranged on the side face of the supporting plate and used for determining the moving position of the supporting plate.

The lifting mechanism comprises a shafting lifting mechanism and a shell lifting mechanism; the shafting lifting mechanism comprises a shafting tray, a plurality of supporting blocks are arranged on the shafting tray, the shafting tray is lifted by a shafting lifting cylinder, a pressure regulating valve is arranged in the lifting cylinder, an oil cylinder locking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the shafting tray, the oil cylinder locking mechanism provides hydraulic pressure by a gas-liquid boosting cylinder, and a pressure monitoring meter is arranged at an outlet of the gas-liquid boosting cylinder;

The shell lifting mechanism comprises a gearbox shell tray, two first shell lifting cylinders are mounted at the end of the shell tray, special-shaped waist-shaped grooves are formed in two sides of the shell tray respectively, four dead stops are mounted at the bottom of the shell tray, the dead stops are driven by the second shell lifting cylinders, bearings are mounted in the special-shaped waist-shaped grooves, and the bearings are connected with guide blocks.

The clamp spring counting mechanism comprises a tray, a sleeve for storing the clamp springs is arranged on the tray, a distance for allowing a single clamp spring to pass through is reserved between the bottom of the sleeve and the tray, the clamp springs in the sleeve are pushed out from the bottom of the sleeve through an air cylinder, the sleeve comprises a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve, photoelectric switches are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve, and a counter is arranged between the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve; the clamp spring press-mounting mechanism comprises a clamp spring press-mounting main support, a clamp spring press-mounting press head and a guide taper sleeve are mounted on the clamp spring press-mounting main support, the clamp spring press-mounting press head is driven by a clamp spring press-mounting mechanism cylinder, and a fifth photoelectric switch and a sixth photoelectric switch are sequentially arranged on one side of the clamp spring press-mounting mechanism cylinder in the vertical direction.

A transmission main box intermediate shaft bearing and snap spring automatic press-fitting method comprises the following steps:

The pallet reaches a designated position, two cylinders in the shafting lifting mechanism lift two intermediate shafts and a shafting, and the oil cylinder locking mechanism clamps the lifting shaft;

The cylinder in the pneumatic sliding table mechanism contracts to drive the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move outwards;

The method comprises the steps that bearings are respectively placed on a left pressure head mechanism and a right pressure head mechanism, a photoelectric switch detects that the bearings are in place, a first electric cylinder and a second electric cylinder respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press an inner ring of the bearings into place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are respectively retracted, and a right pressure head cylinder pushes a stop block to be inserted into a right pressure head square groove;

a first servo electric cylinder in the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism pushes the first electric cylinder to reach the position of the middle bearing, the middle bearing is placed on the middle pressing head, and after the photoelectric switch detects that the middle bearing is positioned, the first electric cylinder drives the middle pressing head mechanism to fall down to press the middle bearing;

the middle pressure head mechanism is lifted, a middle pressure head cylinder stop block extends out and is inserted into a middle pressure head square groove, the oil cylinder locking mechanism is loosened, and the shafting tray falls;

A first lifting mechanism cylinder in the shell lifting mechanism pushes the guide block and the bearing to move in the special-shaped waist-shaped groove, the transmission shell tray lifts, a second lifting mechanism cylinder stretches out to drive the dead stop to support the transmission shell tray, and the second lifting mechanism cylinder contracts to drive the bearing to be far away from the upper supporting surface of the special-shaped waist-shaped groove;

the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the outer ring of the bearing in place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are retracted, and the right pressure head cylinder pushes the stop block to be inserted into the right pressure head square groove;

The pneumatic sliding table cylinder pushes the three-pin pressure head mechanism to a pin press-mounting position, and a feeding machine in the three-pin sliding table mechanism sends pins to a designated position of a pin tray through a pipeline;

The three-pin sliding table cylinder lifts to drive the pipeline to separate from the pin, the long cylinder of the three-pin sliding table pushes the pin tray to reach the lower part of the pin pressing head, the three-pin pressing head mechanism falls down to clamp the pin into the ball plunger of the three-pin pressing head, the pin tray returns, the three-pin pressing head mechanism presses the pin in place, and the three-pin pressing head mechanism returns;

And clamping springs of different types are respectively placed in the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve, the clamping springs are pushed out by a cylinder of a clamping spring counting mechanism, the counter is used for detecting and counting, the guide taper sleeve is placed on the bearing, the clamping springs are placed on the guide taper sleeve, and a cylinder of a clamping spring press-fitting mechanism drives a clamping spring press-fitting pressure head to press down so as to press the clamping springs in place.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention provides an automatic press-fitting device for a middle shaft bearing and a clamp spring of a main gearbox of a speed changer, wherein the speed changer is lifted by a lifting mechanism, a pneumatic sliding table mechanism drives a left press-head mechanism and a three-pin press-head mechanism to move, and an electric cylinder sliding table mechanism presses bearing inner rings arranged on the left press-head mechanism and the right press-head mechanism and a middle bearing on the middle press-head mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the bearing outer ring; the three-pin sliding table mechanism is used for conveying the pin to the lower part of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, and the pneumatic sliding table mechanism is used for driving the three-pin pressure head mechanism to press the pin; the clamp spring counting mechanism pushes the clamp spring out to the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism, and the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism presses the clamp spring in place, so that the reliability of the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring in the press-fitting process is ensured.

Further, through fixing four pressure heads respectively on corresponding support, every support is opened to have square groove rear side at suitable position and is arranged the cylinder, promotes the dog by the cylinder, stretches into the square inslot, blocks corresponding pressure head, prevents that the pressure head from slowly sliding downwards because of gravity.

Further, through putting into the guide sleeve respectively with the jump ring of different grade type, leave certain distance between sleeve bottom and the tray, this distance is slightly more than the thickness of a jump ring, makes the cylinder of rear side only can release a jump ring at every turn, and photoelectric switch and counter are arranged in the position after release jump ring, can accurately detect and count the quantity of jump ring, realize getting the material of jump ring and have not leaked by mistake.

Drawings

For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission main box intermediate shaft bearing and snap spring automatic press-fitting device;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sliding table structure of an electric cylinder in the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate ram mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate ram mechanism of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the right ram mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the right indenter mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a left ram mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the left indenter mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a three pin ram mechanism of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a pneumatic ramp mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a three pin slide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a front view of the lift mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a top view of the lifting mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a circlip counting mechanism according to the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of a snap spring press-fitting mechanism of the present invention.

Wherein: a-electric cylinder sliding table mechanism, B-middle pressing head mechanism, C-right pressing head mechanism, D-left pressing head mechanism, E-three pin pressing head mechanism, F-three pin sliding table mechanism, G-pneumatic sliding table mechanism, H-shafting lifting mechanism, I-shell lifting mechanism, J-clamp spring counting mechanism, K-clamp spring press fitting mechanism, 1-top seat, 2-electric cylinder guide rail, 3-first electric cylinder, 4-first servo electric cylinder, 5-first sliding plate, 6-first boss, 7-second electric cylinder, 8-second servo electric cylinder, 9-second sliding plate, 10-second boss, 11-middle pressing head bracket, 12-first middle pressing head guide rail, 13-middle pressing head groove, 14-middle pressure head spring, 15-middle pressure head cylinder, 16-second middle pressure head guide rail, 17-middle pressure head square groove, 18-middle pressure head buckle, 19-middle pressure head pin, 20-middle pressure head clamp spring, 21-middle pressure head spring, 22-middle pressure head ball plunger, 23-right pressure head mechanism bracket, 24-first right pressure head guide rail, 25-right pressure head groove, 26-right pressure head spring, 27-right pressure head cylinder, 28-second right pressure head guide rail, 29-right pressure head square groove, 30-right pressure head buckle, 31-right pressure head pin, 100-right pressure head clamp spring, 32-right pressure head spring, 33-right pressure head ball plunger, 34-left press mechanism support, 35-first left press guide rail, 36-left press groove, 37-left press spring, 38-left press cylinder, 39-second left press guide rail, 40-left press square groove, 41-left press buckle, 42-left press pin, 43-left press clamp spring, 44-left press spring, 45-left press ball plunger, 46-three-pin press support, 47-three-pin press first guide rail, 48-three-pin press groove, 49-three-pin press cylinder, 50-three-pin press second guide rail, 51-three-pin press square groove, 52-three-pin press ball plunger, 53-pneumatic slide support, 54-pneumatic sliding table cylinder, 55-first photoelectric switch, 56-second photoelectric switch, 57-pneumatic sliding table pushing damper, 58-pneumatic sliding table pushing limiter, 59-sliding table, 60-vibration hopper, 61-feeding machine, 62-pipeline, 63-pin tray, 64-pin counter, 65-three pin sliding table cylinder, 66-guide column, 67-proximity switch, 68-three pin sliding table long cylinder, 69-three pin sliding table guide rail, 70-third photoelectric switch, 71-fourth photoelectric switch, 72-three pin sliding table pushing damper, 73-three pin sliding table pushing limiter, 74-shafting tray, 75-support block, 76-shafting lifting cylinders, 77-pressure regulating valves, 78-cylinder locking mechanisms, 79-gas-liquid boosting cylinders, 80-hydraulic pipelines, 81-pressure monitoring meters, 82-transmission shell trays, 83-first shell lifting cylinders, 84-guide blocks, 85-bearings, 86-special-shaped waist-shaped grooves, 87-second shell lifting cylinders, 88-dead gears, 89-first guide sleeves, 90-second guide sleeves, 91-trays, 92-jump ring counting mechanism cylinders, 93-photoelectric switches, 94-counters, 95-guide taper sleeves, 96-jump ring pressing mechanism cylinders, 97-jump ring pressing heads, 98-fifth photoelectric switches, 99-sixth photoelectric switch, 101-jump ring.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:

Referring to fig. 1, the automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the main gearbox of the invention comprises a main bracket, an electric cylinder sliding table mechanism, a middle press-fitting mechanism, a right press-fitting mechanism, a left press-fitting mechanism, a three-pin sliding table mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a clamp spring counting mechanism and a clamp spring press-fitting mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is arranged at the top of the press through a plurality of groups of bolts and drives the two electric cylinders to slide and position to the corresponding pressure head mechanisms; the middle pressure head mechanism is arranged on a backboard in the middle of the press through a plurality of groups of bolts, the right pressure head mechanism is arranged on the backboard on the right side of the press through a plurality of groups of bolts, the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism are arranged on the pneumatic sliding table mechanism on the left side through a plurality of groups of bolts, and the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism are driven by a cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism to move together; the three-pin sliding table mechanism is arranged on the left side of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism through a plurality of groups of bolts, the bottom of the three-pin sliding table mechanism is lower than the pneumatic sliding table mechanism, the three-pin sliding table mechanism can extend out from the bottom of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism to the bottom of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is arranged on the lower side of a rail at the bottom of the press and can lift the shafting and the shell; the clamp spring counting mechanism and the clamp spring pressing mechanism are sequentially arranged on one side of the press; the lifting mechanism lifts the speed changer, the pneumatic sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move, and the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism presses bearing inner rings arranged on the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism and intermediate bearings on the intermediate pressure head mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the bearing outer ring; the three-pin sliding table mechanism is used for conveying the pin to the lower part of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, and the pneumatic sliding table mechanism is used for driving the three-pin pressure head mechanism to press the pin; the clamp spring counting mechanism pushes the clamp spring to the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism, and the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism presses the clamp spring in place.

Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a cylinder sliding table structure in the present invention is shown, the cylinder sliding table mechanism includes a top seat 1, a waist-shaped hole is provided in the center of the top seat 1, cylinder guide rails 2 are respectively disposed on two sides of the waist-shaped hole, a first sliding plate 5 and a second sliding plate 9 are mounted on the cylinder guide rails 2, the first cylinder 3 passes through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the first sliding plate 5, and moves along the cylinder guide rails 2 under the driving of the first servo cylinder 4, the second cylinder 7 passes through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the second sliding plate 9, and moves along the cylinder guide rails 2 under the driving of the second servo cylinder 8, a first boss 6 is disposed on the first sliding plate 5, and a second boss 10 is disposed on the second sliding plate 9. The center of the top seat 1 of the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is provided with a larger kidney-shaped hole, two electric cylinder guide rails 2 are arranged on two sides of the kidney-shaped hole, a first electric cylinder 3 passes through the kidney-shaped hole to be fixed on a first sliding plate 5, and the position of the first electric cylinder 3 is adjusted along the electric cylinder guide rails 2 under the drive of a first servo electric cylinder 4. The second electric cylinder 7 passes through the kidney-shaped hole to be connected with the second sliding plate 9, and the position of the second electric cylinder 7 is adjusted along the electric cylinder guide rail 2 under the drive of the second servo electric cylinder 8. Because the electric cylinder is compatible with a plurality of models, namely, the electric cylinder is respectively provided with a plurality of positions, the position of the electric cylinder is adjusted by adopting a servo electric cylinder which can continuously stretch and retract. The first boss 6 can be inserted into the right pressing head groove 25 and the middle pressing head groove 13; the second boss 10 may be inserted into the left indenter recess 36 and into the three pin indenter recess 48. Namely: the first servo electric cylinder 4 drives the first electric cylinder 3 to switch positions in grooves of the right bearing press head and the middle bearing press head. The second servo electric cylinder 8 drives the second electric cylinder 7 to switch positions in grooves of the left bearing press head and the three-pin press head.

Referring to fig. 3-4, a structure diagram of an intermediate pressure head mechanism of the present invention is shown, the intermediate pressure head mechanism comprises an intermediate pressure head support 11, a first intermediate pressure head guide rail 12 is arranged on the intermediate pressure head support 11, an intermediate pressure head is arranged on the first intermediate pressure head guide rail 12 through a flat plate, the intermediate pressure head is of an inner and outer sleeve type structure, the top is an intermediate pressure head groove 13, an intermediate pressure head spring 14 is sleeved outside, a plurality of intermediate pressure head buckles 18 are uniformly arranged at the end parts, intermediate pressure head pins 19 are arranged at intervals of the intermediate pressure head buckles 18, clamp spring grooves are formed at two ends of the intermediate pressure head pins 19 and are used for installing intermediate pressure head clamp springs 20, an intermediate pressure head spring 21 is vertically arranged at the upper part of the intermediate pressure head buckle 18, and an intermediate pressure head ball plunger 22 is arranged at the bottom; the flat plate is provided with a middle pressure head square groove 17 and a second middle pressure head guide rail 17, and one side of the middle pressure head square groove 17 is provided with a middle pressure head cylinder 15. The first middle pressure head guide rail 12 is arranged on the middle pressure head support 11, the middle pressure head groove 13 can be inserted into the first boss 6, and the middle pressure head spring 14 can buffer pressure to avoid collision. The middle pressure head mechanism is of an inner sleeve type structure and an outer sleeve type structure, four middle pressure head buckles 18 are uniformly distributed on the outer sleeve, and the bottoms of the middle pressure head buckles 18 are of inverted cone shapes, so that the bearing can be conveniently installed. The middle lower part of the middle of four middle pressure head buckles 18 passes through a middle pressure head pin 19, the middle pressure head buckles 18 can rotate along the middle pressure head pin 19 in a small amplitude, two ends of the middle pressure head pin 19 are fixed on the outer diameter of a jacket of a pressure head, two ends of the middle pressure head pin 19 are provided with clamp spring grooves, and a middle pressure head clamp spring 20 is installed to prevent the middle pressure head pin 19 from falling out. The middle upper part of the middle pressure head buckle 18 is provided with a middle pressure head spring 21 which is vertically arranged and is used for pressing the middle pressure head buckle 18 to prevent the bearing from falling off. The bottom of the middle pressure head buckle 18 is provided with a middle pressure head ball plunger 22, and the pressing force of the middle pressure head spring 21 can be adjusted. The middle pressure head mechanism is fixed on a corresponding flat plate, a middle pressure head square groove 17 is formed in a proper position of the flat plate, a middle pressure head air cylinder 15 is arranged at the rear side of the middle pressure head square groove 17, the middle pressure head air cylinder 15 pushes a stop block to extend into the middle pressure head square groove 17 to clamp a corresponding pressure head, and the pressure head is prevented from slowly sliding downwards due to gravity.

The right pressure head mechanism, the left pressure head mechanism, the three-pin pressure head mechanism and the middle pressure head mechanism are similar in structure, and refer to fig. 5-6, and are schematic diagrams of the right pressure head mechanism, the right pressure head mechanism comprises a right pressure head mechanism bracket 23, a first right pressure head guide rail 24 is arranged on the right pressure head mechanism bracket 23, a right pressure head is arranged on the first right pressure head guide rail 24 through a flat plate, the right pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top of the right pressure head mechanism is a right pressure head groove 25, a right pressure head spring 26 is sleeved outside the right pressure head mechanism, a plurality of right pressure head buckles 30 are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the right pressure head springs 30, right pressure head pins 31 are arranged at intervals of the right pressure head buckles 30, clamp spring grooves are formed at two ends of the right pressure head pins 31 and are used for installing right pressure head clamp springs 100, right pressure head springs 32 are vertically arranged at the upper part of the right pressure head buckles 30, and right pressure head plungers 33 are arranged at the bottom of the right pressure head; the flat plate is provided with a right pressure head square groove 29 and a second right pressure head guide rail 28, and a right pressure head cylinder 27 is arranged on one side of the right pressure head square groove 29;

Referring to fig. 7-8, a left pressure head mechanism is a schematic structural diagram, the left pressure head mechanism comprises a left pressure head mechanism bracket 34, a first left pressure head guide rail 35 is arranged on the left pressure head mechanism bracket 34, a left pressure head is arranged on the first left pressure head guide rail 35 through a flat plate, the left pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top is a left pressure head groove 36, a left pressure head spring 37 is sleeved outside, a plurality of left pressure head buckles 41 are uniformly arranged at the end parts, left pressure head pins 42 are arranged at intervals of the left pressure head buckles 41, clamp spring grooves are formed at two ends of the left pressure head pins 42 and are used for installing left pressure head clamp springs 43, a left pressure head spring 37 is vertically arranged at the upper part of the left pressure head buckles 41, and a left pressure head ball plunger 45 is arranged at the bottom; the flat plate is provided with a left pressure head square groove 40 and a second left pressure head guide rail 39, and one side of the left pressure head square groove 40 is provided with a left pressure head cylinder 38.

Referring to fig. 9, a schematic structural diagram of a three-pin pressing head mechanism is shown, the three-pin pressing head mechanism comprises a three-pin pressing head mechanism bracket 46, a three-pin pressing head first guide rail 47 is arranged on the three-pin pressing head mechanism bracket 46, the three-pin pressing head is arranged on the three-pin pressing head first guide rail 47 through a flat plate, the three-pin pressing head is of an inner and outer sleeve type structure, a three-pin pressing head groove 48 is formed in the top, and a three-pin pressing head ball plunger 33 is arranged at the bottom; the flat plate is provided with a three-pin pressure head square groove 51 and is provided with a three-pin pressure head second guide rail 50, and one side of the three-pin pressure head square groove 51 is provided with a three-pin pressure head cylinder 49.

Referring to fig. 10, a schematic structural diagram of a pneumatic sliding table mechanism is shown, the pneumatic sliding table mechanism comprises a pneumatic sliding table support 53, a pneumatic sliding table cylinder 54 is mounted on the pneumatic sliding table support 53, the pneumatic sliding table cylinder 54 drives a left pressing head mechanism and a three-pin pressing head mechanism which are fixed on a sliding table 59 to move on a guide rail, a first photoelectric switch 55 and a second photoelectric switch 56 are arranged on the lower side of the sliding table 59, and a pushing damper 57 and a pushing limiter 58 are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding table 59. The pneumatic slipway bracket 53 is provided with a pneumatic slipway cylinder 54 which can drive a left pressure head mechanism and a three-pin pressure head mechanism which are fixed on the slipway 59 to move inwards and outwards on the guide rail so as to switch the positions of the left pressure head and the three-pin pressure head. The first photoelectric switch 55 and the second photoelectric switch 56 detect the moving position, and the pneumatic slide table pushing damper 57 and the pneumatic slide table pushing limiter 58 are arranged on both sides of the slide table 59 to prevent the slide table from coming out.

Referring to fig. 11, a schematic structural diagram of a three-pin sliding table mechanism in the present invention is shown, the three-pin sliding table mechanism comprises a three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table guide rail 69 is arranged on the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a third photoelectric switch 70 and a fourth photoelectric switch 71 are arranged on the side surface of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing damper 72 is installed at one end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing limiter 73 is installed at the other end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a pin tray 63 is installed on the three-pin sliding table guide rail 69, the pin tray 63 is pushed by a three-pin sliding table long cylinder 68, a supporting plate and a vibration hopper 60 are arranged on the pin tray 63, three pin counters 64 are installed on the pin tray 63, the vibration hopper 60 transmits pins to pin holes through a pipeline 62, and two proximity switches 67 are installed on the side surface of the supporting plate for determining the moving position. The vibration hopper 60 aligns the pins, and the feeding machine 61 delivers the three pins to the pin holes designated by the pin tray 63 by using compressed air through three pipelines 62, and the tail ends of the pipelines 62 are close to the pin placement positions, so that the pins are prevented from falling out of the pin holes during placement. The three positions are controlled by pin counter 64 to push one pin at a time. Two three pin slide cylinders 65 are lifted to drive the pipe 62 off the upper end of the pin. In order to prevent the three pins from being separated from the pin holes when the three-pin slide cylinder 65 drives the pipe 62 to move upward, two guide posts 66 are provided so that the pipe 62 can vertically move up and down. The position of the up-and-down movement is determined by two proximity switches 67, and the extension and retraction positions of the three-pin slide cylinder 65 are controlled. The three pin slide long cylinder 68 extends to push the pin tray 63 to move on the two three pin slide rails 69 to below the pin ram. The three-pin ram mechanism drops slightly, three pins are clamped into nine three-pin ram ball plungers 52 at the bottom of the three-pin ram mechanism, a three-pin sliding table long cylinder 68 is contracted, and a pin tray 63 returns. The third and fourth photoelectric switches 70 and 71 detect the position where the pin tray 63 moves, and the three-pin slide table pushing damper 72 and the three-pin slide table pushing stopper 73 are arranged on both sides of the pin tray 63, preventing the tray from coming out.

Referring to fig. 12-13, a schematic structural diagram of a lifting mechanism in the present invention is shown, where the lifting mechanism includes a shafting lifting mechanism and a housing lifting mechanism; the shafting lifting mechanism comprises a shafting tray 74, a plurality of supporting blocks 75 are arranged on the shafting tray 74, the shafting tray 74 is lifted by a shafting lifting cylinder 76, a pressure regulating valve 77 is arranged in the lifting cylinder 76, an oil cylinder locking mechanism 78 is arranged at the bottom of the shafting tray 74, the oil cylinder locking mechanism 78 provides hydraulic pressure by a gas-liquid boosting cylinder 79, and a pressure monitoring meter 81 is arranged at the outlet of the gas-liquid boosting cylinder 79; the shell lifting mechanism comprises a gearbox shell tray 82, two first shell lifting cylinders 83 are mounted at the end of the shell tray 82, special-shaped waist-shaped grooves 86 are formed in two sides of the shell tray, four dead stops 88 are mounted at the bottom of the shell tray, the dead stops 88 are driven by second shell lifting cylinders 87, bearings 85 are mounted in the special-shaped waist-shaped grooves 86, and the bearings 85 are connected with guide blocks 84. Two shafting lifting cylinders 76 lift shafting trays 74, lifting two intermediate shafts and a shafting. The lifting force is controlled by a pressure regulating valve 77 of the shafting lifting cylinder 76. Different pressure regulating valves 77 are selected for different product models, and when a product model is selected, the PLC automatically selects a specific pressure regulating valve 77. The different lifting forces of the different pressure regulating valves 77 have been set by different product weights and are confirmed twice at product commissioning. After the two cylinders 76 are lifted in place, the cylinder locking mechanism 78 clamps the lifting shaft to prevent it from falling. The two gas-liquid boosting cylinders 79 provide and control hydraulic pressure for locking and releasing, the hydraulic pipeline 80 is respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the oil cylinder locking mechanism, and two pressure monitoring meters 81 are arranged at the outlets of the two gas-liquid boosting cylinders 79 to display the hydraulic pressure in real time; lifting of the transmission housing tray 82 in the housing lifting mechanism pushes the guide block 84 and the four bearings 85 to move to the left in the four profiled kidney grooves 86 by the lower right two first housing lifting cylinders 83; the transmission housing tray 82 is lifted upwards, and four second housing lifting cylinders 87 extend to drive four dead stops 88 to support the transmission housing tray 82; the four second housing lifting cylinders 87 slightly contract to drive the four bearings 85 away from the upper supporting surfaces of the four profiled kidney grooves 86, preventing the four bearings 85 from being pressed.

Referring to fig. 14, in order to show a structure of a snap spring counting mechanism in the invention, the snap spring counting mechanism comprises a tray 91, a sleeve for storing snap springs is arranged on the tray 91, a distance for passing a single snap spring is reserved between the bottom of the sleeve and the tray 91, the snap spring in the sleeve is pushed out from the bottom of the sleeve through a cylinder, the sleeve comprises a first guide sleeve 89 and a second guide sleeve 90, photoelectric switches 93 are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the first guide sleeve 89 and the second guide sleeve 90, and a counter 94 is arranged between the first guide sleeve 89 and the second guide sleeve 90. The two kinds of jump rings are put into outside first guide sleeve 89 and the second guide sleeve 90 in batches respectively, and sleeve bottom and tray 91 leave certain distance, and this distance is slightly more than the thickness of a jump ring, makes two jump ring counting mechanism cylinders 92 of rear side can only release a jump ring each time, and two photoelectric switch 93 and counter 94 have been arranged to the position after releasing the jump ring, detectable and statistics jump ring's quantity.

Referring to fig. 15, a structure diagram of a snap spring press-fitting mechanism in the present invention is shown, the snap spring press-fitting mechanism includes a snap spring press-fitting main bracket, a snap spring press-fitting press head 97 and a guide taper sleeve 95 are installed on the snap spring press-fitting main bracket, the snap spring press-fitting press head 97 is driven by a snap spring press-fitting mechanism cylinder 96, and a fifth photoelectric switch 98 and a sixth photoelectric switch 99 are sequentially arranged on one side of the snap spring press-fitting mechanism cylinder 96 in a vertical direction. The clamp spring press-fitting mechanism firstly places three guide taper sleeves 95 on three bearings respectively to play a role in centering and guiding; then three clamp springs are placed outside the guide taper sleeve 95, the clamp spring pressing mechanism cylinder 96 drives the whole clamp spring pressing pressure head 97 to move downwards to the right, the clamp spring pressing mechanism cylinder 96 presses the three clamp springs to the right, and the fifth photoelectric switch 98 and the sixth photoelectric switch 99 detect the moving position of the pressure head 97.

The embodiment of the invention relates to an automatic press-fitting method for a transmission main box intermediate shaft bearing and a clamp spring, which comprises the following steps:

The pallet reaches a designated position, two air cylinders 76 in the shafting lifting mechanism lift two intermediate shafts and a shafting, and an oil cylinder locking mechanism 78 clamps the lifting shafts;

The cylinder 54 in the pneumatic sliding table mechanism contracts to drive the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move outwards;

The bearings are respectively placed on a left pressure head mechanism and a right pressure head mechanism, the photoelectric switch detects that the bearings are in place, the first electric cylinder 3 and the second electric cylinder 7 respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the inner rings of the bearings into place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are respectively retracted, and the right pressure head cylinder 27 pushes the stop block to be inserted into the right pressure head square groove 29;

A first servo electric cylinder 4 in the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism pushes a first electric cylinder 3 to reach the position of the middle bearing, the middle bearing is placed on the middle pressing head, and after the photoelectric switch detects that the middle bearing is in place, the first electric cylinder 3 drives the middle pressing head mechanism to fall down to press the middle bearing;

the middle pressure head mechanism is lifted, a stop block of the middle pressure head cylinder 15 extends out and is inserted into the middle pressure head square groove 17, the oil cylinder locking mechanism 78 is loosened, and the shafting tray 74 falls;

A first lifting mechanism cylinder 83 in the shell lifting mechanism pushes a guide block 84 and a bearing 85 to move in a special-shaped waist-shaped groove 86, a transmission shell tray 82 lifts, a second lifting mechanism cylinder 87 stretches out to drive a dead stop 88 to support the transmission shell tray 82, and the second lifting mechanism cylinder 87 contracts to drive the bearing 85 to be far away from the upper supporting surface of the special-shaped waist-shaped groove 86;

The first electric cylinder 3 and the second electric cylinder 7 respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the outer ring of the bearing into place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are retracted, and the right pressure head air cylinder 27 pushes the stop block to be inserted into the right pressure head square groove 29;

The pneumatic sliding table cylinder 54 pushes the three-pin pressing head mechanism to a pin press-mounting position, and a feeding machine 61 in the three-pin sliding table mechanism sends pins to a designated position of a pin tray 63 through a pipeline 62;

The three-pin sliding table cylinder 65 lifts to drive the pipeline 62 to separate from the pin, the three-pin sliding table long cylinder 68 pushes the pin tray 63 to reach below the pin pressing head, the three-pin pressing head mechanism falls down to clamp the pin into the three-pin pressing head ball plunger 52, the pin tray 63 returns, the three-pin pressing head mechanism presses the pin into place, and the three-pin pressing head mechanism returns;

The clamping springs of different types are respectively placed in the first guide sleeve 89 and the second guide sleeve 90, the clamping springs are pushed out by the cylinder 92 of the clamping spring counting mechanism, the counter 94 is used for detecting and counting, the guide taper sleeve 95 is placed on the bearing, the clamping springs are placed on the guide taper sleeve 95, the cylinder 96 of the clamping spring pressing mechanism drives the clamping spring pressing head 97 to press down, and the clamping springs are pressed in place.

The two intermediate shaft bearings are inner and outer ring separation bearings, and are pressed in batches to ensure that the inner and outer rings are pressed in place, and the two intermediate shafts and a shaft system are lifted firstly, but the inner rings of the two intermediate shaft bearings are pressed firstly and then the one shaft bearing is pressed under the condition that the transmission shell is not lifted; the transmission housing assembly is then lifted while pressing the two intermediate shaft bearing outer races.

The weight of the two intermediate shafts and the shaft system of different types is different, so that only 2 intermediate shafts and the shaft system of each type can be lifted, but the transmission shell is not lifted, namely, when only two intermediate shafts and the shaft system are lifted, the bearing inner ring is singly pressed and assembled under force; when only lifting the transmission shell, the bearing outer ring is singly pressed and assembled under force; when two intermediate shafts, a shaft system and a transmission shell are lifted, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are pressed and assembled simultaneously. The two intermediate shafts and a shaft system are lifted by the two shaft system lifting cylinders 76 at the bottom of the shaft system tray 74, and the lifting force is controlled by the pressure regulating valve 77 of the shaft system lifting cylinder 76. Different pressure regulating valves 77 are selected for different product models, and when a product model is selected, the PLC automatically selects a specific pressure regulating valve 77. The different lifting forces of the different pressure regulating valves 77 have been set by different product weights and are secondarily confirmed at the time of product commissioning.

The two intermediate shafts and the shaft system are lifted, the press fitting force of the electric cylinder driving the press head is far larger than the lifting force of 2 cylinders at the bottom of the tray, and in order to ensure that the 2 intermediate shafts and the shaft system do not fall when bearing inner rings are press-fitted, after the two shaft system lifting cylinders 76 are lifted in place, the oil cylinder locking mechanism 78 clamps the lifting shaft to prevent the lifting shaft from falling. The two gas-liquid boosting cylinders 79 provide and control locking and releasing hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pipeline 80 is respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the oil cylinder locking mechanism, and two pressure monitoring meters 81 are arranged at the outlets of the two gas-liquid boosting cylinders 79 to display the hydraulic pressure in real time.

Because the space at the bottom of the shafting tray and the space at the bottom of the gearbox shell tray are limited, in order to realize that two sets of lifting mechanisms can respectively lift two intermediate shafts, a shafting and a gearbox shell, two shafting lifting cylinder cylinders 76 are arranged at the lower ends of the lifting shafting trays 74 of the two intermediate shafts and the shafting. Lifting the transmission housing tray 82, pushing the guide block 84 and the four bearings 85 to move to the left in the four special-shaped kidney grooves 86 through the lower right two first housing lifting cylinders 83; the transmission housing tray 82 is lifted upwards, and four second housing lifting cylinders 87 extend to drive four dead stops 88 to support the transmission housing tray 82; the four second housing lifting cylinders 87 slightly contract to drive the four bearings 85 away from the upper supporting surfaces of the four profiled kidney grooves 86, preventing the four bearings 85 from being pressed.

Four pressure heads are arranged above the device, and the left pressure head and the three-pin pressure head are overlapped; the space above the press head is limited, four electric cylinders cannot be arranged, the left press head mechanism and the three-pin press head mechanism are fixed on one slide table 59, the pneumatic slide table cylinder 54 is contracted to drive the slide table 59 to move inwards and outwards on the guide rail, and the positions of the left press head mechanism and the three-pin press head mechanism are switched. The first electric cylinder 3 and the second electric cylinder 7 are arranged above, the right bearing and the middle bearing are pressed on the first electric cylinder 3, and the left bearing and the three pins are pressed on the second electric cylinder 7. The first servo electric cylinder 4 drives the first electric cylinder 3 to switch positions in the right pressure head groove 25 and the middle pressure head groove 13. The second servo electric cylinder 8 drives the second electric cylinder 7 to switch positions in the left pressure head groove 36 and the three-pin pressure head groove 48.

The first electric cylinder 3 and the second electric cylinder 7 drive four pressure heads, when two pressure heads are not driven by the electric cylinders, the pressure heads can slowly slide downwards under the action of gravity, in order to overcome the gravity and prevent the pressure heads from sliding downwards, the four pressure heads are fixed on corresponding middle pressure head supports 11, right pressure head mechanism supports 23, left pressure head mechanism supports 34 and three-pin pressure head mechanism supports 46, a middle pressure head square groove 17, a right pressure head square groove 29, a left pressure head square groove 40 and three-pin pressure head square groove 51 are formed in each support at proper positions, a middle pressure head cylinder 15, a right pressure head cylinder 27, a left pressure head cylinder 38 and three-pin pressure head cylinder 49 are arranged at the rear sides of the four square grooves, and the cylinders push a stop block to extend into the square grooves to clamp the corresponding pressure heads, so that the pressure heads are prevented from slowly sliding downwards due to gravity.

Because three pins in the production process are smaller, in order to realize no error leakage of feeding, the pins are orderly arranged through the vibration hopper 60, the feeding machine 61 utilizes compressed air to send the three pins to the pin holes designated by the pin tray 63 through the three pipelines 62, the tail ends of the pipelines 62 are close to the pin placement positions, and the pins are prevented from falling out of the pin holes during placement. The three positions are controlled by pin counter 64 to push one pin at a time. Two three pin slide cylinders 65 are lifted to drive the pipe 62 off the upper end of the pin. In order to prevent the three pins from being separated from the pin holes when the three-pin slide cylinder 65 drives the pipe 62 to move upward, two guide posts 66 are provided so that the pipe 62 can vertically move up and down. The position of the up-and-down movement is determined by two proximity switches 67, and the extension and retraction positions of the three-pin slide cylinder 65 are controlled.

To bring the three pins on the pallet to the specified positions of the pin ram, the three pin slide long cylinder 68 is extended, pushing the pin pallet 63 to move on the two three pin slide rails 69 to under the pin ram. The three-pin ram mechanism drops slightly, three pins are clamped into nine three-pin ram ball plungers 52 at the bottom of the three-pin ram mechanism, a three-pin sliding table long cylinder 68 is contracted, and a pin tray 63 returns. The third and fourth photoelectric switches 70 and 71 detect the position where the pin tray 63 moves, and the three-pin slide table pushing damper 72 and the three-pin slide table pushing stopper 73 are arranged on both sides of the pin tray 63, preventing the pin tray 63 from coming out.

The two middle bearings and the one-axis bearing are installed and fixed on the pressing head, the middle pressing head mechanism, the right pressing head mechanism and the left pressing head mechanism are of an inner sleeve type structure, four middle pressing head buckles 18 are uniformly distributed on the sleeve, and the bottoms of the middle pressing head buckles 18 are of inverted cones, so that the bearings are conveniently installed. The middle lower part of the middle of four middle pressure head buckles 18 passes through a middle pressure head pin 19, the middle pressure head buckles 18 can rotate along the middle pressure head pin 19 in a small amplitude, two ends of the middle pressure head pin 19 are fixed on the outer diameter of a jacket of a pressure head, two ends of the middle pressure head pin 19 are provided with clamp spring grooves, and a middle pressure head clamp spring 20 is installed to prevent the middle pressure head pin 19 from falling out. The middle upper part of the middle pressure head buckle 18 is provided with a middle pressure head spring 21 which is vertically arranged and is used for pressing the middle pressure head buckle 18 to prevent the bearing from falling off. The bottom of the middle pressure head buckle 18 is provided with a middle pressure head ball plunger 22, and the pressing force of the middle pressure head spring 21 can be adjusted.

After the two middle bearings and the one-shaft bearing are installed, two clamping springs are needed to prevent the two middle bearings and the one-shaft bearing from falling off. In order to realize that the clamping springs are taken out without error leakage, the two clamping springs are respectively put into the first guide sleeve 89 and the second guide sleeve 90 in batches, a certain distance is reserved between the bottom of the sleeve and the tray 91, the distance is slightly larger than the thickness of one clamping spring, only one clamping spring can be pushed out each time by the two air cylinders 92 at the rear side, two photoelectric switches 93 and a counter 94 are arranged at positions behind the pushing out of the clamping springs, and the number of the clamping springs can be detected and counted.

Firstly, three guide taper sleeves 95 are respectively placed on three bearings to play a role in centering and guiding; and then three clamp springs are placed outside the guide taper sleeve 95, the clamp spring pressing mechanism cylinder 96 drives the whole clamp spring pressing head 97 to move downwards to the right position, and the clamp spring pressing mechanism cylinder 96 presses the three clamp springs to the right position. The fifth photoelectric switch 98 and the sixth photoelectric switch 99 detect the moving position of the clamp spring press-fitting pressure head 97, and realize the automatic press-fitting of the clamp spring into the clamp spring groove of the bearing.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Automatic press-fitting device of derailleur main tank jackshaft bearing and jump ring, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a press, an electric cylinder sliding table mechanism, a middle pressure head mechanism, a right pressure head mechanism, a left pressure head mechanism, a three-pin sliding table mechanism, a pneumatic sliding table mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a clamp spring counting mechanism and a clamp spring press-fitting mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism is arranged at the top of the press, the middle pressure head mechanism is arranged on a backboard at the middle part of the press, the right pressure head mechanism is arranged on a backboard at the right side of the press, the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism are arranged on a pneumatic sliding table mechanism at the left side, the bottom of the three-pin sliding table mechanism is lower than the pneumatic sliding table mechanism, the three-pin sliding table mechanism extends out from the bottom of the pneumatic sliding table mechanism to the bottom of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, the lifting mechanism is arranged at the lower side of a track at the bottom of the press, and the clamp spring counting mechanism and the clamp spring pressing mechanism are sequentially arranged at one side of the press; the lifting mechanism lifts the speed changer, the pneumatic sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move, and the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism presses bearing inner rings arranged on the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism and intermediate bearings on the intermediate pressure head mechanism; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism drives the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the bearing outer ring; the three-pin sliding table mechanism is used for conveying the pin to the lower part of the three-pin pressure head mechanism, and the pneumatic sliding table mechanism is used for driving the three-pin pressure head mechanism to press the pin; the clamp spring counting mechanism pushes the clamp spring to the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism, and the clamp spring press-fitting mechanism presses the clamp spring in place; the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism comprises a top seat (1), a waist-shaped hole is formed in the center of the top seat (1), electric cylinder guide rails (2) are respectively arranged on two sides of the waist-shaped hole, a first sliding plate (5) and a second sliding plate (9) are arranged on the electric cylinder guide rails (2), a first electric cylinder (3) penetrates through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the first sliding plate (5), the first electric cylinder (4) is driven to move along the electric cylinder guide rails (2), a second electric cylinder (7) penetrates through the waist-shaped hole to be connected with the second sliding plate (9), the second electric cylinder (8) is driven to move along the electric cylinder guide rails (2), a first boss (6) is arranged on the first sliding plate (5), and a second boss (10) is arranged on the second sliding plate (9).

2. The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the main gearbox of the transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that the intermediate press-fitting mechanism comprises an intermediate press-fitting bracket (11), a first intermediate press-fitting guide rail (12) is arranged on the intermediate press-fitting bracket (11), an intermediate press-fitting is arranged on the first intermediate press-fitting guide rail (12) through a flat plate, the intermediate press-fitting is of an inner and outer sleeve type structure, the top is an intermediate press-fitting groove (13), a first intermediate press-fitting spring (14) is sleeved outside, a plurality of intermediate press-fitting buckles (18) are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the intermediate press-fitting springs (18), intermediate press-fitting pins (19) are arranged at intervals of the intermediate press-fitting buckles (19), clamp spring grooves are formed at two ends of the intermediate press-fitting pins (20) for installing the intermediate press-fitting clamp springs (20), a second intermediate press-fitting spring (21) is vertically arranged at the upper part of the intermediate press-fitting buckles (18), and an intermediate press-fitting ball plunger (22) is arranged at the bottom of the intermediate press-fitting mechanism; the flat plate is provided with a middle pressure head square groove (17) and a second middle pressure head guide rail (16), and one side of the middle pressure head square groove (17) is provided with a middle pressure head cylinder (15).

3. The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the main gearbox of the transmission according to claim 2, wherein the right press-fitting mechanism comprises a right press-fitting mechanism bracket (23), a first right press-fitting guide rail (24) is arranged on the right press-fitting mechanism bracket (23), a right press-fitting is arranged on the first right press-fitting guide rail (24) through a flat plate, the right press-fitting is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top is a right press-fitting groove (25), a first right press-fitting spring (26) is sleeved outside, a plurality of right press-fitting buckles (30) are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the right press-fitting buckles (30), right press-fitting pins (31) are arranged at intervals, clamp spring grooves are formed at two ends of each right press-fitting pin (31) and are used for installing right press-fitting clamp springs (100), a second right press-fitting spring (32) is vertically arranged at the upper part of each right press-fitting buckle (30), and a right press-fitting plunger (33) is arranged at the bottom; the flat plate is provided with a right pressure head square groove (29) and a second right pressure head guide rail (28), and a right pressure head cylinder (27) is arranged on one side of the right pressure head square groove (29); the left pressure head mechanism comprises a left pressure head mechanism support (34), a first left pressure head guide rail (35) is arranged on the left pressure head mechanism support (34), a left pressure head is arranged on the first left pressure head guide rail (35) through a flat plate, the left pressure head is of an inner sleeve type structure, the top of the left pressure head mechanism is provided with a left pressure head groove (36), a first left pressure head spring (37) is sleeved outside the left pressure head mechanism, a plurality of left pressure head buckles (41) are uniformly arranged at the end parts of the left pressure head mechanism, left pressure head pins (42) are arranged at intervals of the left pressure head buckles (41), clamp spring grooves are formed in two ends of the left pressure head pins (42) and are used for installing left pressure head clamp springs (43), a second left pressure head spring (44) is vertically arranged at the upper part of the left pressure head buckles (41), and a left pressure head ball plunger (45) is arranged at the bottom of the left pressure head mechanism; the flat plate is provided with a left pressure head square groove (40) and a second left pressure head guide rail (39), and a left pressure head cylinder (38) is arranged on one side of the left pressure head square groove (40).

4. A transmission main box intermediate shaft bearing and clamp spring automatic press-fitting device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the three-pin press-fitting mechanism comprises a three-pin press-fitting mechanism bracket (46), a three-pin press-fitting first guide rail (47) is arranged on the three-pin press-fitting mechanism bracket (46), the three-pin press-fitting is arranged on the three-pin press-fitting first guide rail (47) through a flat plate, the three-pin press-fitting is of an inner and outer sleeve type structure, the top is provided with a three-pin press-fitting groove (48), and the bottom is provided with a three-pin press-fitting ball plunger (52); the flat plate is provided with a three-pin pressure head square groove (51) and is provided with a three-pin pressure head second guide rail (50), and one side of the three-pin pressure head square groove (51) is provided with a three-pin pressure head cylinder (49).

5. The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the transmission main box according to claim 4, wherein the pneumatic sliding table mechanism comprises a pneumatic sliding table support (53), a pneumatic sliding table cylinder (54) is arranged on the pneumatic sliding table support (53), the pneumatic sliding table cylinder (54) drives a left pressing head mechanism and a three-pin pressing head mechanism which are fixed on a sliding table (59) to move on a guide rail, a first photoelectric switch (55) and a second photoelectric switch (56) are arranged on the lower side of the sliding table (59), and a pushing damper (57) and a pushing limiter (58) are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding table (59).

6. The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the transmission main box according to claim 5, wherein the three-pin sliding table mechanism comprises a three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table guide rail (69) is arranged on the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a third photoelectric switch (70) and a fourth photoelectric switch (71) are arranged on the side face of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing damper (72) is arranged at one end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a three-pin sliding table pushing limiter (73) is arranged at the other end of the three-pin sliding table bottom plate, a pin tray (63) is arranged on the three-pin sliding table guide rail (69), the pin tray (63) is pushed by a three-pin sliding table long cylinder (68), a supporting plate and a vibrating hopper (60) are arranged on the pin tray (63), three pin counters (64) are arranged on the pin tray (63), and the vibrating hopper (60) transmits pins to pin holes through a pipeline (62) through a feeding machine (61), and two proximity switches (67) are arranged on the side face of the pin tray for determining positions of the two proximity switches.

7. The automatic press-fit device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the clamp spring of the main gearbox of the transmission according to claim 6, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a shafting lifting mechanism and a shell lifting mechanism; the shafting lifting mechanism comprises a shafting tray (74), a plurality of supporting blocks (75) are arranged on the shafting tray (74), the shafting tray (74) is lifted through a shafting lifting cylinder (76), a pressure regulating valve (77) is arranged in the shafting lifting cylinder (76), an oil cylinder locking mechanism (78) is arranged at the bottom of the shafting tray (74), the oil cylinder locking mechanism (78) provides hydraulic pressure through a gas-liquid boosting cylinder (79), and a pressure monitoring meter (81) is arranged at the outlet of the gas-liquid boosting cylinder (79); the shell lifting mechanism comprises a transmission shell tray (82), two first shell lifting cylinders (83) are arranged at the end part of the shell tray (82), special-shaped waist-shaped grooves (86) are respectively formed in two sides of the shell tray, four dead stops (88) are arranged at the bottom of the shell tray, the dead stops (88) are driven by second shell lifting cylinders (87), bearings (85) are arranged in the special-shaped waist-shaped grooves (86), and the bearings (85) are connected with guide blocks (84).

8. The automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the snap spring of the main gearbox of the transmission according to claim 7, wherein the snap spring counting mechanism comprises a tray (91), a sleeve for storing the snap spring is arranged on the tray (91), a distance for allowing a single snap spring to pass through is reserved between the bottom of the sleeve and the tray (91), the snap spring in the sleeve is pushed out of the bottom of the sleeve through an air cylinder, the sleeve comprises a first guide sleeve (89) and a second guide sleeve (90), a photoelectric switch (93) is respectively arranged at the lower parts of the first guide sleeve (89) and the second guide sleeve (90), and a counter (94) is arranged between the first guide sleeve (89) and the second guide sleeve (90); the clamp spring press-mounting mechanism comprises a clamp spring press-mounting main support, a clamp spring press-mounting press head (97) and a guide taper sleeve (95) are mounted on the clamp spring press-mounting main support, the clamp spring press-mounting press head (97) is driven by a clamp spring press-mounting mechanism cylinder (96), and a fifth photoelectric switch (98) and a sixth photoelectric switch (99) are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction of one side of the clamp spring press-mounting mechanism cylinder (96).

9. The press-fitting method based on the automatic press-fitting device for the intermediate shaft bearing and the snap spring of the main gearbox of the transmission according to claim 8 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the pallet reaches a designated position, two shafting lifting cylinders (76) in the shafting lifting mechanism lift two intermediate shafts and a shafting, and an oil cylinder locking mechanism (78) clamps the lifting shafts;

a pneumatic sliding table cylinder (54) in the pneumatic sliding table mechanism contracts to drive the left pressure head mechanism and the three-pin pressure head mechanism to move outwards;

The bearings are respectively placed on a left pressure head mechanism and a right pressure head mechanism, a photoelectric switch detects that the bearings are in place, a first electric cylinder (3) and a second electric cylinder (7) respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press an inner ring of the bearings into place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are respectively retracted, and a right pressure head cylinder (27) pushes a stop block to be inserted into a right pressure head square groove (29);

A first servo electric cylinder (4) in the electric cylinder sliding table mechanism pushes a first electric cylinder (3) to reach the position of the middle bearing, the middle bearing is placed on the middle pressing head, and after the photoelectric switch detects that the middle bearing is in place, the first electric cylinder (3) drives the middle pressing head mechanism to fall down to press the middle bearing;

the middle pressure head mechanism is lifted, a stop block of a middle pressure head cylinder (15) extends out and is inserted into a middle pressure head square groove (17), an oil cylinder locking mechanism (78) is loosened, and a shafting tray (74) falls;

A first shell lifting cylinder (83) in the shell lifting mechanism pushes a guide block (84) and a bearing (85) to move in a special-shaped waist-shaped groove (86), a transmission shell tray (82) is lifted, a second shell lifting cylinder (87) stretches out to drive a dead gear (88) to support the transmission shell tray (82), and the second shell lifting cylinder (87) contracts to drive the bearing (85) to be far away from the upper supporting surface of the special-shaped waist-shaped groove (86);

The first electric cylinder (3) and the second electric cylinder (7) respectively drive the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism to press the outer ring of the bearing into place, the left pressure head mechanism and the right pressure head mechanism are retracted, and the right pressure head air cylinder (27) pushes the stop block to be inserted into the right pressure head square groove (29);

The pneumatic sliding table cylinder (54) pushes the three-pin pressure head mechanism to a pin press-mounting position, and a feeding machine (61) in the three-pin sliding table mechanism sends pins to a designated position of a pin tray (63) through a pipeline (62);

The three-pin sliding table cylinder (65) lifts to drive the pipeline (62) to separate from the pin, the three-pin sliding table long cylinder (68) pushes the pin tray (63) to reach the lower part of the pin pressing head, the three-pin pressing head mechanism falls down to clamp the pin into the three-pin pressing head ball plunger (52), the pin tray (63) returns, the three-pin pressing head mechanism presses the pin into place, and the three-pin pressing head mechanism returns;

And clamping springs of different types are respectively placed in the first guide sleeve (89) and the second guide sleeve (90), the clamping springs are pushed out by a cylinder (92) of a clamping spring counting mechanism, the counter (94) is used for detecting and counting, the guide taper sleeve (95) is placed on the bearing, the clamping springs are placed on the guide taper sleeve (95), a cylinder (96) of a clamping spring press-fitting mechanism drives a clamping spring press-fitting head (97) to press-fit the clamping springs in place.