CN1158289A - 制造半导体晶片的方法 - Google Patents

制造半导体晶片的方法 Download PDF

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CN1158289A
CN1158289A CN96120864A CN96120864A CN1158289A CN 1158289 A CN1158289 A CN 1158289A CN 96120864 A CN96120864 A CN 96120864A CN 96120864 A CN96120864 A CN 96120864A CN 1158289 A CN1158289 A CN 1158289A
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abrasion
cutting
auxiliary body
semiconductor wafer
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CN1078518C (zh
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哈尼菲·马尔科克
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28DWORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/02Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills
    • B28D5/022Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills by cutting with discs or wheels
    • B28D5/028Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills by cutting with discs or wheels with a ring blade having an inside cutting edge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/03Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent according to the final size of the previously ground workpiece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/228Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding thin, brittle parts, e.g. semiconductors, wafers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28DWORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/003Multipurpose machines; Equipment therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种制造半导体晶片的方法,该方法包括:a)同时研磨辅助体之表面的一部分,辅助体的表面和端面实质上处于有关平面中,通过研磨而从辅助体上磨掉的材料的厚度实质上等于磨耗;b)使用切割工具在切割平面切割辅助体,并产生一个具有经研磨部分和未经研磨部分的切削区;c)测定磨耗,并明确为或者是辅助体的经研磨表面与辅助体在研磨之前的表面之间的距离,或者是未经研磨部分中的切削区的厚度与半导体晶片的厚度之间的差值。

Description

制造半导体晶片的方法
本发明涉及一种制造半导体晶片的方法,该方法是通过重复以下工序来完成的:使用研磨工具研磨单晶的端面,然后用切割工具将半导体晶片从单晶上切割下来,在研磨期间,产生特定深度的磨耗,而半导体晶片是在切割平面中被切割的,该切割平面要尽可能地与经研磨端面平行。
研磨单晶的端面在半导体晶片上产生第一个平坦侧面。在将半导体晶片从单晶上分割开后,它即被用作参考面,而相对的侧面则被研磨成平行于所述参考面。所期望的结果是半导体晶片具有平坦的且平行的侧面。US-4,967,461明确地描述了如何研磨单晶的端面,才能消除在切割半导体晶片期间由锯片偏斜产生的、并可导致半导体晶片翘曲的不平坦。常规情况下,使用圆锯的锯片作为切割工具。在锯片切割单晶的同时,就产生了锯力(sawing force),该力使锯片偏离平行于经研磨的单晶端面的切割平面。因此,实际的切割平面并非完全平坦的,而是略有弯曲,而且这种不平坦反应在单晶端面的质量上。在切割下一个半导体晶片之前,该端面必须经再次研磨。
重复研磨单晶之端面及将半导体晶片从单晶上切割下来的工序,其应力加在了研磨工具和切割工具上。研磨工具的状态可以用phertometer来确定。  但是,由于调查是在研磨工具上进行的,而且在拆装以及重新调节研磨工具上都必须花费许多的时间,所以,研磨机停止运行需要相当长的时间。在时间过程和切削模式变化时,即当一块半导体晶片的切削模式与其随后一块半导体晶片的切削模式不同时,磨损现象或者是运行参数的改变都可导致锯片的偏斜行为。因此研制出了传感器,以便即使是在切割操作时也能跟踪切削模式的变化。合适的传感器例如见US-4,991,475。
当研磨单晶的端面时,要将磨耗限制到最小。磨耗以长度单位来表示。其相应于经研磨之端面与未经研磨端面上的最高材料高度之间的距离。如果选定的磨耗过高,材料就被浪费,而且单位单晶之半导体晶片的产量也减少了。如果磨耗太低,单晶端面的不平坦不能被完全地消除,而且所制得的半导体晶片是有缺陷的。
借助于移动研磨工具和/或单晶以进行研磨的进给单元可以非常精确地设定一个特定的磨耗。例如由于锯片的偏离度在制造晶片的过程中增大,预先确定的所要求的磨耗可能不久即证明过小。另一方面,例如由于锯片的磨损,由锯片在单晶中产生的锯隙可能变得太窄,其结果是,如果维持原始磨耗,就将有比所需要的更多的材料被从单晶的端面上研磨下来。
因为设定的磨耗与实际需要的磨耗不同,所以就急切地要求至少能够随时地测定磨耗。但是,这并非易事。一种方法是在规则的间隔内将半导体晶片从单晶上切割下来,而不事先研磨单晶的端面。然后直接通过半导体晶片的厚度来确定磨耗,其条件是从切割倒数第二块晶片时切割条件没有变化。如果传感器在切割连续两块半导体晶片的过程中没发现切削模式有任何实质上的变化,就可以假设切削条件是稳定的。该方法的一个缺陷是,而且特别是,因为缺少平坦的参考面,而且不能如想象的使用,所检查的半导体晶片作为次品减少了产量。
因此,本发明的目的是改进半导体晶片的制造方法,而且特别是通过一种更为有利的方法来确定研磨磨耗。
本发明涉及一种如开始提到的通用方法,该方法包括:
a)同时研磨辅助体之表面的一部分,辅助体的表面和端面实质上处于同一个平面中,通过研磨而从辅助体上磨掉的材料的厚度实质上上等于磨耗;
b)使用切割工具在切割平面中切入辅助体,并产生一个具有经研磨部分和未经研磨部分的切削区;及
c)测定磨耗,并明确为或者是辅助体的经研磨表面与辅助体在研磨之前的表面之间的距离,或者是未经研磨部分中的切削区的厚度与半导体晶片的厚度之间的差值。
可以在多个间隔处测定磨耗,例如在任何当得到特定数量的半导体晶片的时候。但是,也可以对制得的每一块半导体晶片测定磨耗。优选在锯片的监控发现切削条件在切割两块连续的半导体晶片期间未发生实质性变化时测定磨耗。晶片制造流程不会被延误,且半导体晶片的产量都不会受到减损。
以下借助附图对本发明作进一步描述。附图示意性地描述了在研磨单晶之端面期间(图的上半部分)和在将半导体晶片从单晶上切割下来期间(图的上半部分)的条件。
可以在切割半导体晶片之前或其同时,进行研磨。它不仅包括研磨单晶1的端面,而且还包括研磨辅助体2的表面。  所述表面实质上与未经研磨的端面处于同一平面。辅助体类型的选择实质上是没有限制的。但是,一种可能性是使用例如由碳构成的棒,该棒在任何常规的情况下都可用作切割半导体晶片中的辅助体。所述棒例如通过胶粘连接在单晶上,而且防止半导体晶片在从单晶上切割下来期间受到损伤。
除单晶之端面外,辅助体表面的一部分也要用研磨工具11研磨,单晶的磨耗实质上等于辅助体的磨耗。因而,辅助体之经研磨的表面3与单晶之经研磨表面4都位于同一平面上。辅助体之未经研磨表面5与经研磨表面3之间的距离等于实际达到的磨耗。原则上,所述距离可以通过检测在研磨期间产生的阶梯6的深度来测定。但是,优选的是使用为切割工具7所切割的半导体晶片来测定。切割工具在单晶中工作的切割平面应尽可能地与经研磨端面平行。在所述切割平面中,辅助体2也被切割工具切割,这样,产生一个切削区9,在该区的前侧上具有阶梯6。实际产生的磨耗C就是切削区的厚度B与半导体晶片的厚度A之间的差。厚度B等于辅助体的未经研磨表面5与为切割工具切下的切削区的底部10之间的距离。
实际上,在使用切割工具之后,切削区与辅助体的剩余部分之间的连接是通过使用研磨工具而被分开的,半导体晶片和切削区被一个接受器接收。任意地,在切割之后测量两个物体的厚度。也可进行多次测量,取其在各情况下测定的半导体晶片和切削区之厚度的平均值。优选自动测量厚度。
切削区9也可用在其他方面。其经研磨表面3可用phertometer检查。以检查为基础,可得到有关研磨工具之侧面的结论,而且在任何时间都可发现研磨工具的磨损。
根据本方法的进一步发展,可跟踪锯片从平行于单晶之经研磨端面的切割平面中偏离的情况,并在此基础上通过计算确定所需要的磨耗。所需要的磨耗要尽可能地等于通过研磨刚好足以达到平坦端面时的磨耗。如果所需要的测定磨耗与进给单元初始设定的磨耗不同,进给单元针对于所需要的磨耗要自动地或手工地重新编程。可以用上述方式测定实际发生的磨耗,并将该磨耗与所需要的磨耗进行比较。

Claims (3)

1、一种制造半导体晶片的方法,该方法是通过重复以下工序来完成的:使用研磨工具研磨单晶的端面,然后用切割工具将半导体晶片从单晶上切割下来,在研磨期间产生特定深度的磨耗,而半导体晶片是在切割平面中被切割的,该切割平面要尽可能地与经研磨端面平行,该方法包括:
a)同时研磨辅助体之表面的一部分,辅助体的表面和端面实质上处于有关平面中,通过研磨而从辅助体上磨掉的材料的厚度实质上上等于磨耗;
b)使用切割工具在切割平面切割辅助体,并产生一个具有经研磨部分和未经研磨部分的切削区;
c)测定磨耗,或者是辅助体的经研磨表面与辅助体在研磨之前的表面之间的距离,或者是未经研磨部分中的切削区的厚度与半导体晶片的厚度之间的差值。
2、如权利要求1的方法,其中,在切割半导体晶片期间,测量切割工具相对于所想平面的偏离,而所需磨耗可作为测得的偏离的函数来确定,所需磨耗所需磨耗是为研磨单晶之端面的研磨工具而设定的,而且,在下一块半导体晶片已经切割之后,可确定实际达到的磨耗。
3、如权利要求1的方法,其中,用phertometer检查辅助体的经研磨表面,然后可借助检查结果对研磨工具的状态进行评估。
CN96120864A 1996-02-29 1996-11-29 制造半导体晶片的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1078518C (zh)

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KR970063392A (ko) 1997-09-12
DE59700009D1 (de) 1998-09-17
EP0791444B1 (de) 1998-08-12
US5975990A (en) 1999-11-02
KR100235542B1 (ko) 1999-12-15
TW330167B (en) 1998-04-21
JP2849908B2 (ja) 1999-01-27

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