CN115812846A - Biological pretreatment method for improving feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds - Google Patents
Biological pretreatment method for improving feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological pretreatment, and particularly relates to a biological pretreatment method for improving feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the pepper leaves, the pepper seeds and other raw materials, uniformly spraying a water-soluble microecological preparation and an enzyme preparation on the mixed raw materials of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds, and sealing by using a breathing bag to carry out solid temperature-control anaerobic fermentation biological pretreatment. After the biological pretreatment method, the fiber content of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds can be reduced, the mildew problem caused by high moisture can be reduced, the feeding values such as nutritional value, digestion utilization rate and the like can be improved, waste byproducts in the production process of the pepper can be recycled, the diversity of raw material sources in the livestock and poultry feed formula is enriched, and the using amount of the corn bean pulp in the livestock and poultry feed formula is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of in vitro pretreatment of organisms, and particularly relates to a biological pretreatment method for improving feeding values of pepper leaves and pepper seeds.
Background
The pepper has a long history in China as an essence and a spice seasoning, and the yield of the pepper reaches about 48 million tons every year in China according to statistics, and the pepper is the first in the world. The production process of the pepper can generate products such as pepper peels, pepper seeds, pepper leaves and the like, the available part provided for the food industry mainly takes the pepper peels as the main part, and the remaining processing byproducts such as the pepper seeds, the pepper leaves and the like are usually discarded or burnt due to the high water content, easy deterioration, high fiber content, low digestibility and the like, so that the environmental pollution and the resource waste are finally caused. With the continuous increase of livestock and poultry product consumption in China, the contradiction between the supply and demand of corn, which is the main raw material in livestock and poultry feed formulas in China, is prominent, soybeans are seriously imported from foreign countries, and the uncertainty of the import of the raw materials in China is greatly increased under the influence of global epidemic situations and international situations. Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency utilization technology of waste byproduct resources in China is enhanced, the diversification of feed formulas is guided, and the improvement of the utilization rate of the waste byproduct resources is particularly important for the decrement substitution of corn and soybean meal.
Therefore, it is very important to develop a biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds to improve the nutritive value of raw materials and reduce the consumption of corn and bean pulp in the formula of the livestock and poultry feed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds. The method has the advantages that solid anaerobic fermentation biological pretreatment is carried out on the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds through the combination of microorganisms and enzyme preparations, so that the problem that the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds are difficult to apply in the feed due to high moisture content, easy mildew, low fiber digestibility and the like is solved, and a solution is provided for replacing a certain proportion of corn and soybean meal in a livestock and poultry formula.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:
A. preparing fermentation liquor: 0.1 to 2 portions of bacillus subtilis (S2), 0.1 to 2 portions of lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001), 0.1 to 2 portions of pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27), 0.1 to 1 portion of saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01), 1 to 3 portions of acid protease, 1 to 3 portions of cellulase, 1 to 3 portions of laccase, 0.1 to 1 portion of feruloyl esterase and 0.1 to 1 portion of furanosidase are dissolved in 10 to 40 portions of water with the temperature of 37 ℃ and stirred for 180S.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the fermentation broth is prepared by dissolving 1.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis (S2), 0.4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001), 0.2 parts of Pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27) and 0.1 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01) in 40 parts of water at 37 ℃ and stirring for 180 seconds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the viable cell count of Bacillus subtilis (S2) in the preparation of the fermentation broth is 1X 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001) 1X 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27) 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01) 1 × 10 9 CFU/g。
The pepper leaves and the pepper seeds have the using defects of high moisture content, easy decay and deterioration, large pungent smell and the like. The method disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out biological pretreatment on the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds by applying 4 microbial combinations, and improving the pain point problem of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds in the application process by means of quick oxygen consumption starting fermentation, high-yield acid inhibition of mixed bacteria, fermentation and aroma enhancement and the like. The bacillus subtilis applied by the invention has the characteristics of high oxygen consumption speed, high enzyme yield and the like, quickly reaches an anaerobic state in a fermentation container in the early stage of biological pretreatment, creates suitable conditions for fermentation of lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus acidilactici and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and reduces the problems of failure in starting of biological pretreatment fermentation caused by the pollution of mixed bacteria in raw materials such as pepper leaves or pepper seeds. In addition, the 2 types of lactic acid bacteria applied in the invention have the characteristics of high fermentation speed, strong acid production capacity, good tolerance and the like, wherein pediococcus acidilactici has the characteristics of high growth speed, capability of producing bacteriostatic metabolites such as pediocin and the like, and lactobacillus plantarum has the characteristics of good acid production, strong stability and the like, so that the total acid generation amount after biological pretreatment is improved, and finally the service cycle of pepper leaves and pepper seeds is prolonged by taking the lactic acid bacteria in a biological pretreatment system as dominant bacteria and under a high-acid environment. The pepper leaves and pepper seeds have pungent smell, aromatic metabolites such as ethanol, ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate which can be generated by the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the anaerobic fermentation process can cover part of the pungent smell, and the influence of the aromatic metabolites on the feed intake of livestock and poultry in the feeding process is reduced.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the fermentation broth is prepared by adding 2 parts of acid protease, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of laccase, 0.2 part of feruloyl esterase and 0.2 part of furanosidase.
As a better embodiment in the application, the enzyme activity number of the acid protease is 50000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the cellulase is 30000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the laccase is 10000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the ferulic acid esterase is 1900U/g, and the enzyme activity number of the furanosidase is 6000U/g.
The invention relates to a method for improving the fiber content of Chinese prickly ash leaves and Chinese prickly ash seeds, which solves the problems that the Chinese prickly ash leaves and the Chinese prickly ash seeds have high fiber content and low nutrient digestion utilization rate, and the like. The plant cell walls in the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds mainly comprise cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, the fiber structures of the cellulose, the hemicellulose and the lignin are mutually crosslinked, the composite cellulase applied in the invention hydrolyzes the wrapped cellulose structure by using cellulase, hydrolyzes the lignin structure wound on the outer layer by using laccase, hydrolyzes the crosslinked structure of the hemicellulose and the lignin by using ferulic acid esterase, hydrolyzes the hemicellulose structure by using furanosidase, and achieves higher fiber degradation rate and higher digestion rate improvement of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds under the application method of the invention by hydrolyzing each fiber structure and the mutual crosslinked structure.
B. Preparation of mixed raw materials: 400-500 parts of pepper leaves, 200-400 parts of pepper seeds, 100-200 parts of bran, 10-100 parts of glutamic acid residues, 10-100 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 1-10 parts of ammonium sulfate are uniformly mixed.
As a better embodiment mode in the application, 423 parts of pepper leaves, 300 parts of pepper seeds, 140 parts of bran, 50 parts of glutamic acid residues, 40 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 7 parts of ammonium sulfate are prepared in the mixed raw materials.
Wherein the bran is naturally air-dried, and the pricklyash leaves and pricklyash seeds are fresh pricklyash leaves and pricklyash seeds, and are not required to be air-dried.
C. Inoculating fermentation liquor: and uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the mixed raw materials.
D. Solid state sealing fermentation: putting the mixed raw materials inoculated with the fermentation liquor into a sealed breathing bag, and fermenting for 1-5 days in a constant temperature room at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.
As a better implementation mode in the application, the mixed raw material of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds inoculated with the fermentation liquid is placed in a sealed breathing bag in the solid-state sealed fermentation, and the fermentation is carried out for 3d in a thermostatic chamber with the temperature of 37 ℃.
An object of the present application is to protect a biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds.
As a better implementation mode in the application, after the biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds is used for treatment, the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds have strong yeast fragrance, the biological pretreatment can improve the crude protein of a mixture of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds by 3.09%, the small peptide proportion by 204.33, the total acid by 594.44, the hemicellulose by 27.22% by degradation, the digestibility by 4.63, the shelf life under high temperature and high humidity by more than 20 days, and part of corn and bean pulp can be replaced in the laying hen egg producing period formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the invention can be suitable for waste byproducts such as pepper leaves and pepper seeds in the production process of pepper, the utilization rate of waste resources is improved by improving the feeding value of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds, the resource waste is reduced, and the environmental protection pressure is reduced.
The method provided by the invention directly carries out biological pretreatment by taking high-moisture pepper leaves as a substrate, and the pepper leaves do not need to be dried and then applied to feed after biological pretreatment, so that the water-soluble nutrients in the pepper leaves are reserved, and the energy consumption of the drying process is saved.
The method provided by the invention can improve the service cycle of pepper byproducts such as pepper leaves and pepper seeds and the like, and reduce the problems of mildew and limitation of the service cycle and the use amount caused by high-moisture pepper leaves.
The method provided by the invention can improve the feeding value of pepper byproducts such as pepper leaves and pepper seeds, can effectively improve the crude protein by 3.09%, can improve the small peptide proportion by 204.33%, can improve the total acid by 594.44%, can reduce the hemicellulose by 27.22%, and can improve the digestibility by 4.63%.
And fifthly, after pepper byproducts such as pepper leaves and pepper seeds are treated by the biological pretreatment method provided by the invention, part of the corn and soybean meal consumption in the livestock and poultry daily ration formula can be replaced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various technical features in the following examples can be appropriately combined, replaced, adjusted, modified, etc. according to the inventive concept and the entire contents of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of the protection of the present invention.
The parts referred to in the following examples are parts by weight, and 1kg can be regarded as each 1 part by weight.
Example 1:
example 1 a biological pretreatment method using waste byproduct zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves in zanthoxylum bungeanum production as a main substrate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing fermentation liquor: 1.3 parts of bacillus subtilis (S2), 0.4 part of lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001), 0.2 part of pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27), 0.1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01), 2 parts of acid protease, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of laccase, 0.2 part of feruloyl esterase and furanose0.2 part of glycosidase is dissolved in 40 parts of water at 37 ℃ and stirred for 180 seconds. To keep the water temperature stable, the water may be kept at a constant temperature in a 37 ℃ water bath. Wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis (S2) is 1 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001) 1X 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27) 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01) 1 × 10 9 CFU/g. The enzyme activity number of the acid protease is 50000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the cellulase is 30000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the laccase is 10000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the ferulic acid esterase is 1900U/g, and the enzyme activity number of the furanosidase is 6000U/g.
B. Preparation of mixed raw materials: 440 parts of pepper leaves, 226.6 parts of corn flour, 160 parts of bran, 80 parts of glutamic acid residues, 40 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 7 parts of ammonium sulfate are uniformly mixed.
C. Inoculating fermentation liquor: and uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the mixed raw materials.
D. Solid state sealing fermentation: placing the mixed raw materials inoculated with the fermentation liquor in a sealed breathing bag, and fermenting for 3d in a thermostatic chamber at the temperature of 37 ℃.
Example 2:
example 2 a biological pretreatment method using waste byproducts of zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim production as a main substrate, comprising the following steps:
A. preparing fermentation liquor: 1.3 parts of bacillus subtilis (S2), 0.4 part of lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001), 0.2 part of pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27), 0.1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01), 2 parts of acid protease, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of laccase, 0.2 part of feruloyl esterase and 0.2 part of furanosidase are dissolved in 30 parts of water at 37 ℃ and stirred for 180 seconds. Wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis (S2) is 1 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001) 1X 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27) 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01) 1 × 10 9 CFU/g. Wherein the acidic protease is 2 parts, the cellulase is 1 part, the laccase is 1 part, the ferulic acid esterase is 0.2 part and the furanosidase is 0.2 part. Wherein the enzyme activity number of the acid protease is 50000U/g, and the fiberThe enzyme activity number of the laccase is 30000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the laccase is 10000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the ferulic acid esterase is 1900U/g, and the enzyme activity number of the furanosidase is 6000U/g.
B. Preparation of mixed raw materials: 300 parts of pepper seeds, 246.6 parts of bran, 100 parts of glutamic acid residues, 40 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 7 parts of ammonium sulfate are uniformly mixed.
C. Inoculating fermentation liquor: and uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the mixed raw materials.
D. Solid state sealing fermentation: placing the mixed raw materials inoculated with the fermentation liquor in a sealed breathing bag, and fermenting for 3d in a thermostatic chamber at the temperature of 37 ℃.
Example 3:
example 3 a biological pretreatment method using waste byproducts zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves and zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds in zanthoxylum bungeanum production as main substrates comprises the following steps:
A. preparing fermentation liquor: 1.3 parts of bacillus subtilis (S2), 0.4 part of lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001), 0.2 part of pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27), 0.1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01), 2 parts of acid protease, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of laccase, 0.2 part of feruloyl esterase and 0.2 part of furanosidase are dissolved in 40 parts of water at 37 ℃ and stirred for 180 seconds. Wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis (S2) is 1 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum (GBW-LP 001) 1X 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici (HEW AP 27) 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MST 01) 1 × 10 9 CFU/g. The enzyme activity number of the acid protease is 50000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the cellulase is 30000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the laccase is 10000U/g, the enzyme activity number of the ferulic acid esterase is 1900U/g, and the enzyme activity number of the furanosidase is 6000U/g.
B. Preparation of mixed raw materials: 423 parts of pepper leaves, 300 parts of pepper seeds, 140 parts of bran, 50 parts of glutamic acid residues, 40 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 7 parts of ammonium sulfate are uniformly mixed.
C. Inoculating fermentation liquor: and uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the mixed raw materials.
D. Solid state sealing fermentation: placing the mixed raw materials inoculated with the fermentation liquor in a sealed breathing bag, and fermenting for 3d in a thermostatic chamber at the temperature of 37 ℃.
Example 4:
example 4 is the effect of the biological pretreatment of byproducts in the production process of zanthoxylum bungeanum on the improvement effect of the nutritional value by applying the method of the invention. The nutrient substances in the livestock and poultry formula mainly comprise energy and crude protein, and the higher the crude protein content of the raw materials is, the higher the nutritive value is. In the crude protein structure, the smaller the structural molecular weight of the protein composition, the higher the digestibility of the protein, and the small peptide ratio reflects the amount of the small molecular weight protein. The improvement of the total acid content after biological pretreatment is related to the growth and metabolism of acid-producing lactic acid bacteria in the biological pretreatment process, and research shows that the addition of proper organic acid in the feed has positive influence on the production performance of livestock and poultry. As can be seen from Table 1, in example 1, the crude protein of the biological pretreatment using the zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves as a substrate is increased by 45.76% compared with that of the untreated zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves; example 2 is a biological pretreatment with pepper seeds as substrate, the crude protein was increased by 101.67% compared to untreated pepper seeds. After the method is applied to carry out biological pretreatment on the byproduct of the pepper production, compared with the crude protein before treatment, the crude protein in the embodiment 1 is improved by 2.65 percent, the small peptide proportion is improved by 180.91 percent, the total acid is improved by 407.35 percent, and the pH value is reduced by 18.33 percent; example 2 compared with the crude protein before treatment, the crude protein is increased by 2.47 percent, the small peptide proportion is increased by 215.92 percent, the total acid is increased by 190.11 percent, and the pH value is reduced by 14.94 percent; example 3 compared with crude protein before treatment, the crude protein is increased by 3.09%, the small peptide proportion is increased by 204.33%, the total acid is increased by 594.44%, and the pH value is decreased by 23.76%, which shows that the biological pretreatment method has obvious effect of improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds.
TABLE 1 Effect of biological pretreatment on the nutritional value enhancement
Example 5:
example 5 is the effect of applying the method of the present invention on fiber degradation after biological pretreatment of byproducts in the production process of zanthoxylum bungeanum. The prickly ash seeds and prickly ash leaves have rich fibers, but too much fibers can influence the digestibility of livestock and poultry, thereby influencing the production performance of livestock and poultry. As can be seen from Table 2, the fiber content can be effectively reduced by the biological pretreatment method, compared with the average neutral detergent fiber content which is reduced by 9.71% and the average hemicellulose content which is reduced by 27.22% before the biological pretreatment.
TABLE 2 Effect of biological pretreatment on degradation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum byproduct fiber
Example 6:
example 6 is to evaluate the influence of biological pretreatment on byproducts in the production process of pepper on digestibility by using a laying hen in-vitro bionic digester. The in vitro bionic digester measures the digestibility of the raw materials by simulating the digestion process of the raw materials in the livestock and poultry in vitro, and the determination of the in vitro bionic digester shows that the dry matter digestibility, the protein digestibility and the energy digestibility of the untreated pepper leaves and pepper seeds are lower, and the production performance of the livestock and poultry is influenced by directly feeding the raw materials into the raw materials. The results of examples 1, 2 and 3 show that the biological pretreatment method provided by the invention has a remarkable effect of improving the nutrient digestibility of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds, the average dry matter digestibility after the biological pretreatment is improved by 4.63%, the average protein digestibility is improved by 4.83%, and the average energy digestibility is improved by 5.17%.
TABLE 3 Effect of biological pretreatment on digestion of Zanthoxylum bungeanum by-products
Example 7:
the embodiment provides the influence of the biological pretreatment on the quality guarantee period of byproducts in the production process of pepper by applying the method. The leaves and seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum biologically pretreated according to the above examples 1, 2 and 3 were stored in a high temperature and high humidity incubator (temperature 38 ℃ C., relative humidity 80%) under sealed condition, and whether mildew occurred or not was observed every day, and the number of days when the appearance of mold hyphae was observed in the treated group was defined as the number of days of shelf life. As can be seen from Table 4, the shelf life of the untreated zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves under high temperature and high humidity is only 2 days, which is mainly related to the overhigh moisture content. After the biological pretreatment of the method, the quality guarantee period of the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds in the pepper by-products after the biological pretreatment is at least prolonged to more than 20 days in a mode that lactic acid bacteria generate a large amount of organic acid to inhibit the breeding of mold.
TABLE 4 Effect of biological pretreatment on digestion of Zanthoxylum bungeanum byproducts
Example 8:
example 8 analysis of the use of zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves and zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds in roman powder layers was carried out after the treatment of the zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves and zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds by the biological pretreatment method according to example 3. According to the nutrient parameters of the laying hens in the laying period in T/CFIAS 002-2018 'Compound feed for laying hens and broilers', the formula of the compound feed for the laying hens in the laying period, which is added with or not added with the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds biologically pretreated by the method, is designed according to the principle of equivalent energy and nitrogen, and is concretely as follows.
The control group is prepared by the formula of the laying hen egg producing period batch which is not added with the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds which are biologically pretreated by the method of the invention: weighing the raw materials of the batch materials by weight: 5363 portions of corn 621.6 portions, 70 portions of corn dry alcohol distiller grains, 174 portions of soybean meal, 18 portions of corn protein powder, 4.4 portions of soybean oil, 70 portions of stone powder, 6.7 portions of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 portions of sodium chloride, 0.5 portion of sodium bicarbonate, 1.3 portions of lysine, 0.5 portion of methionine, 1 portion of choline chloride and 29 portions of premix.
The biological pretreatment group is the preparation of the formula of the batch mixture for the laying hen in the laying period, which is added with the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds after the biological pretreatment by the method of the invention: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5363 portions of corn 605.8 portions, 40 portions of dry corn alcohol dregs, 156.5 portions of soybean meal, 50 portions of biologically pretreated pepper leaves and pepper seeds, 18 portions of corn protein powder, 5.2 portions of soybean oil, 72 portions of stone powder, 7 portions of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 portions of sodium chloride, 0.5 portion of sodium bicarbonate, 1.3 portions of lysine, 0.7 portion of methionine, 1 portion of choline chloride and 29 portions of premix.
The experiment is carried out in a scientific research base of Sichuan iron knight flower, 480 Roman powder laying hens in the laying period are selected and randomly divided into 2 treatments, each treatment is 240, the experimental pre-feeding period is 1 week, and the formal period is 14 weeks. The test chickens were raised in cages, fed manually, and had free access to water. The daily feeding management of the henhouse comprises an environmental control program, a disinfection program, a feeding program, a dung cleaning program, an immunization program and the like according to a scientific research base of flowers. And (5) observing whether the chicken only has abnormal behaviors or not, and cleaning the colony house regularly. And recording the production performance of the laying hens including feed intake, laying rate, egg weight, breakage rate, deformed egg rate, dirty egg rate and the like every day.
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, compared with the control group without adding, after the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds which are subjected to the biological pretreatment are added, the laying rate of the laying hens is improved by 2.99%, the feed-egg ratio is reduced by 4.84%, the qualified rate of eggs is improved by 1.92%, the egg breaking rate is reduced by 36.90%, the abnormal sand rate is reduced by 21.78%, and the dirty egg rate is reduced by 5.42%. The production performance and the egg qualification rate of the laying hens can be improved after the pepper leaves and the pepper seeds which are subjected to biological pretreatment are added to replace corn and soybean meal in a certain proportion in a formula of the laying hens.
TABLE 5 Effect of the Zanthoxylum byproduct after biological pretreatment on the production Performance of egg-laying hens
TABLE 6 influence of byproduct of Zanthoxylum bungeanum after biological pretreatment on egg yield
The foregoing basic embodiments of the invention and their various further alternatives can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, all of which are contemplated and claimed herein. In the scheme of the invention, each selection example can be combined with any other basic example and selection example at will. Numerous combinations will be known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to the illustrated embodiments thereof, which are intended to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A biological pretreatment method for improving feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing fermentation liquor: dissolving 0.1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 0.1-2 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.1-2 parts of pediococcus acidilactici, 0.1-1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1-3 parts of acid protease, 1-3 parts of cellulase, 1-3 parts of laccase, 0.1-1 part of ferulic acid esterase and 0.1-1 part of furanosidase in 10-40 parts of water at 37 ℃ and stirring for 180s;
B. preparation of mixed raw materials: uniformly mixing 400-500 parts of pepper leaves, 200-400 parts of pepper seeds, 100-200 parts of bran, 10-100 parts of glutamic acid residue, 10-100 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 1-10 parts of ammonium sulfate;
C. inoculating fermentation liquor: uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the mixed raw materials;
D. solid state sealing fermentation: and placing the mixed raw materials inoculated with the fermentation liquor into a sealed breathing bag, and fermenting for 1-5 days in a thermostatic chamber at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.
2. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
the bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis S2, the lactobacillus plantarum is lactobacillus plantarum GBW-LP001, the pediococcus acidilactici is pediococcus acidilactici HEW AP27, and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is saccharomyces cerevisiae MST01.
3. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps: in the preparation of the fermentation liquor in the step A, 1.3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 0.4 part of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.2 part of pediococcus acidilactici, 0.1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae and 40 parts of water are used.
4. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the preparation of the fermentation liquor in the step A is 1 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici of 1 × 10 10 CFU/g, the viable count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1 × 10 9 CFU/g。
5. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 4, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps: 2 parts of acid protease, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of laccase, 0.2 part of ferulic acid esterase and 0.2 part of furanosidase in the preparation of fermentation liquor in the step A.
6. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 5, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the enzyme activity of the protease is 50000U/g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 30000U/g, the enzyme activity of the laccase is 10000U/g, the enzyme activity of the ferulic acid esterase is 1900U/g, and the enzyme activity of the furanosidase is 6000U/g.
7. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps: in the step B, 423 parts of pepper leaves, 300 parts of pepper seeds, 140 parts of bran, 50 parts of glutamic acid residues, 40 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder and 7 parts of ammonium sulfate are prepared.
8. The biological pretreatment method for improving the feeding value of pepper leaves and pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological pretreatment method comprises the following steps: in the step D, the solid state sealed fermentation is carried out, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the fermentation days are 3D.
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