CN115812582A - Soilless cultivation method for poplars and willows - Google Patents
Soilless cultivation method for poplars and willows Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812582A CN115812582A CN202211608298.5A CN202211608298A CN115812582A CN 115812582 A CN115812582 A CN 115812582A CN 202211608298 A CN202211608298 A CN 202211608298A CN 115812582 A CN115812582 A CN 115812582A
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- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 241000218998 Salicaceae Species 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241001508425 Tiarella cordifolia Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a soilless cultivation method for poplars and willows. The invention provides a soilless cultivation method of poplars and willows, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing seeds in a cultivation device, and cultivating after film covering; (2) After 3-5 leaves grow out of the seedling, nutrient solution with the concentration of 1 per mill is applied; (3) After the height of the seedling plant is 1.5-2.5 cm, removing the film, and applying nutrient solution with the concentration of 5 per mill; (4) And after the height of the seedling plant is 4-6 cm, applying a nutrient solution with the concentration of 1%. The successful application of the poplar and willow seed soilless culture technology can greatly improve the survival rate of the poplar and willow hybrid progeny and shorten the breeding period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for soilless cultivation of poplars and willows.
Background
Poplar and willow are important materials and afforestation greening tree species, and at present, the demand for improved poplar and willow species is increasing. The selective breeding of the improved varieties of the poplar and the willow is mainly carried out by taking conventional breeding as a main part, preparing a large number of hybridization combinations through controlled pollination, carrying out seedling culture on the obtained seeds and selectively breeding the excellent strains. With the completion of poplar and willow whole genome sequencing, the breeding of poplar and willow is marked to enter the functional genome era. The analysis of gene function is beneficial to the integration of favorable genes, the unfavorable genes are removed, the super variety with high yield, high resistance and excellent wood properties is cultured in a short time through gene design breeding, and the breeding efficiency is greatly improved. However, analysis of gene function often requires preparation of a hybrid combination for a target trait, and QTL analysis is performed based on trait segregation of progeny to determine candidate genes for the target trait. Regardless of conventional breeding or gene design breeding, the breeding of the seeds obtained by controlling hybridization into seedlings is the basis, and the germination rate of the seeds and the survival rate of the seedlings directly influence the breeding period.
The poplar and willow are capsules, and have small seeds and large quantity. At present, the seedling raising of poplar and willow seeds is carried out by a soil culture method, and nutrient soil and loess are required according to the proportion of 1:1, the above-mentioned components were mixed. Since loess is dug in a field, a large amount of germ spores, hypha, worm eggs and the like exist, high-temperature sterilization is needed, and occurrence of soil-borne diseases is avoided. However, when the seeds are sown, the environmental temperature and humidity are high, and soil-borne diseases still occur, so that a large number of seedlings die. The soilless culture technology does not need soil, plants are cultured by a method of adding nutrient solution or solid matrix into the nutrient solution, the problem of diseases caused by soil culture can be solved, and the soilless culture technology is an advanced technology in modern agriculture. The soilless culture technology is applied to vegetable crops in a large area, so that the management is convenient, and the crop yield is improved by several times or even dozens of times compared with the conventional soil culture. However, the current soilless culture technology is not applied to the cultivation of poplar and willow seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a poplar and willow seed soilless culture method, and the successful application of the poplar and willow seed soilless culture technology can greatly improve the survival rate of poplar and willow hybrid offspring and shorten the breeding period.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a soilless cultivation method of poplars and willows, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the seeds in a cultivation device, and culturing the seeds by using clear water after film covering;
(2) After 3-5 leaves grow out of the seedling, culturing by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 1 per mill;
(3) After the height of the seedling plant is 1.5-2.5 cm, removing the membrane, and culturing by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 5 per mill;
(4) And after the height of the seedling plant is 4-6 cm, culturing by using a nutrient solution with the concentration of 1%.
Preferably, the cultivating device in the step (1) comprises foamed flower mud, a tray with holes, an outer shell and a transparent film, wherein the foamed flower mud is placed in the tray with holes, and the center of the foamed flower mud is provided with cultivating holes; the tray with the holes is placed in the outer shell; the top of the outer shell is covered with a transparent film.
Preferably, the outer shell is a plastic transparent shell.
Preferably, the material of the foamed flower mud is foamed phenolic plastics.
Preferably, the transparent film is a laser perforated film.
Preferably, the temperature of the culture is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is 55-75%.
Preferably, the illumination is 15-17 h every day in the culture process, and the illumination intensity is 5000-7000 lx.
Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises: n: 25-35 g/L; p 2 O 5 ：13～15g/L；K 2 O：15～17g/L。
Preferably, the nutrient solution is replaced every 5-9 days in the culture process, and the nutrient solution is supplemented with clear water when the nutrient solution is not soaked in the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times.
Preferably, the culturing time is 50 to 70 days.
Preferably, the seeds in step (1) are poplar seeds or willow seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts the soilless culture technology, reduces the germs in the planting soil, thereby having no plant diseases and insect pests;
(2) The invention adopts the cultivating device, thus saving space;
(3) The device is clean and tidy, and is convenient to manage;
(4) The cultivation method and the device of the invention complement each other, no division is needed after cultivation, the root system is developed and complete, the transplanting is convenient, and the survival rate is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a foam flower mud;
FIG. 2 is a perforated tray;
FIG. 3 is a transparent plastic tray and laser perforated film;
FIG. 4 shows the growth of the seedling after sowing willow seeds for 2 months.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soilless cultivation method of poplars and willows, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the seeds in a cultivation device, and culturing the seeds by using clear water after film covering;
(2) After 3-5 leaves grow out of the seedling, culturing by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 1 per mill;
(3) After the height of the seedling plant is 1.5-2.5 cm, removing the membrane, and culturing by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 5 per mill;
(4) And after the height of the seedling plant is 4-6 cm, culturing by using a nutrient solution with the concentration of 1%.
In the invention, in the step (1), preferably, after 4 leaves grow out of the seedling, the seedling is cultured by using a nutrient solution with the concentration of 1 per mill;
in the invention, in the step (1), after the height of the seedling plant is preferably 2cm, the membrane is removed, and nutrient solution with the concentration of 5 per mill is used for culturing;
in the present invention, in step (1), preferably, after the height of the seedling plant is 5cm, the culture is performed using a 1% concentration nutrient solution.
In the invention, the cultivating device in the step (1) comprises foam flower mud, a tray with holes, an outer shell and a transparent film, wherein the foam flower mud is placed in the tray with holes, and cultivating holes are formed in the center of the foam flower mud; the tray with the holes is placed in the outer shell; the top of the outer shell is covered with a transparent film.
In the invention, the outer shell is a plastic transparent shell.
In the invention, the material of the foamed flower mud is foamed phenolic plastics.
In the present invention, the transparent film is a laser punched film.
In the invention, the temperature of the culture is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is 55-75%; preferably, the culture temperature is 23 ℃, and the humidity is 57-73%; further preferably, the temperature of the culture is 23 ℃ and the humidity is 59-71%; more preferably, the temperature for the cultivation is 23 ℃ and the humidity is 65%.
In the invention, the illumination is 15-17 h every day in the culture process, and the illumination intensity is 5000-7000 lx; preferably, the illumination is carried out for 16h every day, and the illumination intensity is 5400-6600 lx; further preferably, the illumination is carried out for 16 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 5800-6200 lx; more preferably, the daily illumination is 16h, and the illumination intensity is 6000lx.
In the present invention, the nutrient solution includes: n: 25-35 g/L; p 2 O 5 ：13～15g/L；K 2 O: 15-17 g/L; preferably, N: 27-33 g/L; p 2 O 5 ：14g/L；K 2 O:16g/L; more preferably, N: 29-31 g/L; p 2 O 5 ：14g/L；K 2 O:16g/L; more preferably, N:30g/L; p 2 O 5 ：14g/L；K 2 O：16g/L。
In the invention, the nutrient solution is replaced every 5 to 9 days in the culture process; preferably 6 to 8d; more preferably 7d.
In the invention, the culture time is 50-70 days; preferably 54 to 66d; more preferably 58 to 62d; more preferably 60d.
In the invention, the specific using method of the cultivating device is as follows: soaking the foam flower mud in water for 1-2 minutes. After soaking, the foam floral foam was separated by indentation (2.75 × 2.67 × 3.8/indentation), placed on a tray with holes (fig. 2), and then placed in a transparent outer box 9 cm high (fig. 3), to which tap water was added, so that half of the height of the foam floral foam was soaked in the tap water.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for soilless culture of poplar and willow comprises the following steps:
and after the willow fruit pods are changed from green to yellow, taking down the willow fruit pods, peeling the fruit pods by using tweezers, taking out seeds, removing seed coat and hair, soaking the seeds in tap water for 1 hour, enabling all the viable seeds to germinate, and placing the viable seeds in cultivation holes in the foam flower mud of the cultivation device, wherein one germinated seed is in each hole. Covering a layer of 36 rows of laser perforated films (ventilating and insulating) on a transparent outer box, placing the transparent outer box in an incubator for culture (the temperature is 23 ℃, the humidity is 65 percent, the illumination is 16 hours every day, the illumination intensity is 6000 lx), and keeping half height of the foam flower mud soaked in water. After 4 leaves grow out of the seedling, 1 ‰ of nutrient solution (N: 30g/L; P) is added 2 O 5 ：14g/L；K 2 O:16 g/L). And after the height of the plant reaches 2cm, removing the laser punching film covered on the transparent outer box, moving the cultivation device to the sunlight for growth in sunny days, applying 5 per mill of nutrient solution, replacing the nutrient solution once per week, supplementing the nutrient solution with clear water when the nutrient solution is not enough to soak the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times, and keeping half of the height of the foam flower mud soaked in the nutrient solution. After the plant height reaches 5cm, the concentration of the nutrient solution is increased to 1%, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and when the nutrient solution is not enough to soak the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times, the nutrient solution is supplemented by clear water, and the foam flower mud is kept to be soaked in the nutrient solution for half of the height.
Example 2
A method for soilless culture of poplar and willow comprises the following steps:
and after the poplar fruit pods are changed from green to yellow, taking down the poplar fruit pods, peeling the fruit pods by using tweezers, taking out seeds, removing seed coats and hairs, soaking the seeds in tap water for 1 hour, completely germinating the viable seeds, and placing the viable seeds in cultivation holes in the foam flower mud of the cultivation device, wherein one germinated seed is in each hole. Covering a layer of 36 rows of laser perforated films (ventilating and insulating) on a transparent outer box, placing the transparent outer box in an incubator for culture (the temperature is 24 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, the illumination is 17 hours per day, the illumination intensity is 6200 lx), and keeping half height of the foam flower mud soaked in water. After 4 leaves grow out of the seedling, 1 ‰ of nutrient solution (N: 32g/L; P) 2 O 5 ：15g/L；K 2 O:17 g/L). And after the height of the plant reaches 2cm, removing the laser punching film covered on the transparent outer box, moving the cultivation device to the sunlight for growth in sunny days, applying 5 per mill of nutrient solution, replacing the nutrient solution once per week, supplementing the nutrient solution with clear water when the nutrient solution is not enough to soak the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times, and keeping half of the height of the foam flower mud soaked in the nutrient solution. After the plant height reaches 5cm, the concentration of the nutrient solution is increased to 1%, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and when the nutrient solution is not enough to soak the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times, the nutrient solution is supplemented by clear water, and the foam flower mud is kept to be soaked in the nutrient solution for half of the height.
Experimental example 3
Comparative experiments, 100 mature and full willow seeds were used per group, with 3 replicates set.
The method of example 1 was used as experimental group 1;
the control group 1 is a conventional soil culture method, and the nutrient soil and the loess are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, then sterilizing under high pressure, cooling the substrate to room temperature, watering thoroughly, sowing willow seeds in the substrate, and raising seedlings.
The experimental group 1 and the control group have the same culture conditions except that the culture medium is used differently. The survival rate of seedlings, the height of plants and the pest and disease conditions were measured during 2 months of co-cultivation, and the results are shown in Table 1 by taking the average values.
TABLE 1
Experimental example 4
For comparative experiments, 100 mature and full poplar seeds were used in each group, and 3 replicates were set.
The method of example 2 was used as experimental group 2;
the control group 2 is a conventional soil culture method, and the nutrient soil and loess are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, then sterilizing under high pressure, watering thoroughly after the temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature, and sowing poplar seeds in the substrate for seedling culture.
The experimental group 2 and the control group have the same culture conditions except that the culture medium is different. The seedlings were cultured for 2 months, and the survival rate, plant height, and pest conditions of the seedlings were measured and averaged, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Compared with the conventional soil culture, the soilless culture technology of the poplar and willow seeds enables the survival rate of seedlings to reach 100%, and is remarkably improved compared with a control group.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for soilless culture of poplar and willow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Placing the seeds in a cultivation device, and culturing the seeds by using clear water after film covering;
(2) After 3 to 5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, culturing the seedlings by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 1 per mill;
(3) After the height of the seedling plant is 1.5-2.5 cm, removing the membrane, and culturing by using nutrient solution with the concentration of 5 per mill;
(4) And after the height of the seedling plant is 4-6 cm, culturing by using a nutrient solution with the concentration of 1%.
2. The soilless culture method for poplar and willow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture device in step (1) comprises foamed flower mud, a tray with holes, an outer shell and a transparent film, the foamed flower mud is placed in the tray with holes, and the center of the foamed flower mud is provided with a culture hole; the tray with the holes is placed in the outer shell; the top of the outer shell is covered with a transparent film.
3. The soilless cultivation method for poplar and willow as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer hull is a plastic transparent hull.
4. The soilless culture method for poplar and willow according to claim 2, wherein the material of the foam flower mud is foamed phenolic plastics.
5. The soilless cultivation method for poplar and willow as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transparent film is a laser perforated film.
6. The soilless culture method for poplar and willow according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the culture is 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 55-75%.
7. The soilless culture method for poplar and willow according to claim 1, wherein the illumination is 15-17 h per day during the culture process, and the illumination intensity is 5000-7000 lx.
8. Root of herbaceous plantThe method for soilless culture of poplar and willow according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: n: 25-35 g/L; p 2 O 5 ：13～15g/L；K 2 O：15～17g/L。
9. The soilless culture method of poplar and willow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is replaced every 5-9 days during the culture process, and the nutrient solution is supplemented with clear water when the nutrient solution is not enough to soak the foam flower mud for half of the depth at ordinary times.
10. The soilless culture method of poplar and willow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture time is 50-70 days; the seeds in the step (1) are poplar seeds or willow seeds.
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| CN202211608298.5A CN115812582B (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Soilless cultivation method for poplar and willow |
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