CN115812534A - Method for preventing and controlling weeds in rice field by using submerged plants - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling weeds in rice field by using submerged plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field by using submerged plants, which comprises the steps of firstly irrigating water in the field and planting the submerged plants before planting rice, and enabling the submerged plants to grow to the surface of soil of the field to form a plant covering layer; and then, draining the field, and planting rice after the surface of the submerged plant is dried. The method can control the self-extinction of the submerged plant through the regulation and control of the water layer, avoids the competition between the submerged plant and the rice, and has low price and obvious grass control effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field by using submerged plants.
Background
The weeds in the rice field are used as one of four pests of rice, so that water is strived for with the rice, a suitable environment is provided for breeding and spreading of rice diseases and insect pests, the rice yield is lost by more than 40% if the weeds are not effectively prevented and controlled, and even the weeds are completely harvested. Therefore, the weed prevention and control is safe for grains and can never be ignored.
The 'prevention-oriented and comprehensive control' and 'public plant protection and green plant protection' are guidelines and requirements to be followed for controlling pests. However, the current paddy field weed control mainly depends on chemical herbicides, and the long-term use results not only cause the rise and spread of the resistance of paddy field weeds, but also accelerate the succession of weed populations, thereby causing the difficulty of weed control.
The implementation of the requirement of pesticide decrement needs to be realized by means of comprehensive prevention and control and green prevention and control technology. Compared with the comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests, the comprehensive control measures of the weeds in the rice field are quite deficient, and the current non-chemical control measures mainly comprise four aspects of agricultural measures, physical measures, biological measures, mechanical measures and the like.
The agricultural measures carried out in the current agricultural production mainly comprise seed selection, filtration of weed seeds floating by irrigation water flow, net fishing of the weed seeds floating in the field, maintenance of a water layer in the field to inhibit weed germination and the like; the physical measures are mainly to adopt a covering material to inhibit the weed from sprouting, such as a biodegradable film covering, a covering after the crop straws are crushed, and the like; the biological measures are mainly to control weeds by a planting and breeding combined method, such as duck breeding, fish breeding, earthworm throwing and the like in a rice field; the mechanical measures are mainly based on weeding operation by weeding machines. It should be said that the above-described measures are theoretically effective, but neither operability nor generalizability is strong. The manual disturbance of the weed seeds and the crop straw coverage has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, high implementation cost and low operation efficiency; the water layer grass control is limited by the water-pulp management requirement of the rice cultivation technology or is difficult to realize due to poor water retention performance of the field; secondary influence of degradation products of the degraded film on soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties is unclear after the degraded film is covered; the planting and breeding combination cannot be implemented in a large area due to the protection of the grain planting area and the market demand of the culture products; mechanical weeding is in the initial stage in China, the equipment investment cost is high, the operation efficiency is relatively low, and the technical maturity is to be deepened.
In the aspect of controlling weeds by plants, duckweeds are used for covering and inhibiting weeds from sprouting in the growth period of rice, for example, a rice field weed control method (application publication No. CN 104798669) reports that a plurality of duckweeds, a few-root duckweeds and duckweeds are used as initial materials, are cultured and then are mixed in proportion and uniformly sprayed in a irrigated rice field, so that sprouting of weeds in the rice field is controlled in the growth process of the rice, the sprouting rate of field weeds is reduced, and the harm of the weeds is reduced. However, as for the habitat of the rice field, duckweed is a weed, and when the density of the duckweed reaches a certain biomass in the growth process of the rice, the duckweed and the rice can compete for fertilizer, so that the growth and the yield of the rice are affected finally, and the duckweed is not recognized to be used for inhibiting the production of the weed; a method for preventing and controlling the weeds (application publication No. CN 111084031) includes such steps as ploughing the rice field before transplanting rice seedlings, storing water, pulverizing the ground Artemisia Supina, aircraft grass, soybean and rice husk, mixing with plant ash, spreading on water surface, covering water surface for about 20 days, draining water, transplanting seedlings, and spraying herbicide. The technology needs to crush the related covering materials by mechanical equipment, has high economic cost, is easily influenced by wind after the crushed materials are scattered on the water surface, is difficult to uniformly cover the water surface, and is difficult to ensure the implementation time of 20 days due to the crop stubble planting arrangement. Therefore, the development of a low-cost green ecological method for controlling weeds in rice fields is still necessary for reducing the use frequency and dosage of herbicides in the growth period of rice and further improving the yield and quality of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling weeds in rice fields by using submerged plants, which realizes effective weed control with low cost and green ecology by adopting a 'weed control' mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field by using submerged plants comprises the steps of irrigating a field before planting rice, planting the submerged plants, and growing the submerged plants until a plant covering layer is formed on the soil surface of the field; and then, draining the field, and planting rice after the surface of the submerged plant is dried.
Further, the submerged plant refers to aquatic plant with root growing in mud and stem and leaf completely sinking in water, and comprises waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, waterfoxtail, watermifoil, eel grass, water caltrop, hydrilla verticillata, small arrowroot algae, goldfish algae, raccoon, hornet algae, cunninghamia lanceolata, plantago asiatica, water buttercup, potamogeton crispatus, potamogeton crenata, potamogeton pectinatus and potamogeton pectinatus.
Furthermore, before the submerged plants are planted, the field needs to be ploughed and leveled, ridges around the field are kept intact, and the field is ensured not to leak water.
Further, before planting the submerged plants, the field is irrigated and a 10-30cm water layer is continuously maintained.
It should be noted that, in the early stage of planting submerged plants, a lower water layer can be maintained, and after the submerged plants survive, the height of the water layer can be adjusted according to the density of the submerged plants until the submerged plants completely cover the soil surface. And in order to ensure the growth of submerged plants, a proper amount of compound fertilizer can be applied.
Further, in order to ensure that the submerged plants have enough growth time to form a dense plant covering layer on the soil surface before the rice is transplanted, the planting time of the submerged plants is 12 months to 6 months in the year before the rice is planted; preferably, the planting time is 1 month to 4 months in the year; further preferably, the planting time is 3 months to 4 months in the year.
It should be noted that, the planting amount of the submerged plants in the present invention is determined according to the planting time and temperature, and the planting amount should be increased when the planting time is early, that is, when the planting is performed in a season with a lower temperature; when the planting time is late, namely planting is carried out in a season with higher temperature, the planting amount can be properly reduced.
Further, the planting amount of the submerged plants is 75-3000 kg/hm 2 (ii) a Preferably 600 to 1500kg/hm 2 (ii) a More preferably 900 to 1200kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, the planting time of the submerged plants is 3-4 months in the year, and the planting amount is 900-1200 kg/hm 2 。
Furthermore, when the submerged plant is planted, the stem of the submerged plant is cut into a vegetative propagule with the length of 5-30 cm, and the vegetative propagule of the submerged plant is uniformly scattered in the field according to the planting amount.
And further, draining off a water layer 2-3 days before transplanting the rice to enable the submerged plant to expose the water layer and completely cover the soil surface, transplanting the rice according to the normal rice cultivation requirement after the surface of the submerged plant is dried, and performing water slurry management and fertilizer operation according to the normal cultivation management requirement after the rice is transplanted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method of the invention utilizes living plants to grow grass, achieves the purpose of grass inhibition after forming a plant ground cover layer, and has no side effect on soil environment and water body;
(2) The invention leads the submerged plant to be self-growing before the rice is planted, and the submerged plant can be self-extinguished at any time through the regulation and control of the water layer when the rice is planted, thereby effectively avoiding the competition between the submerged plant and the rice;
(3) The method of the invention follows the principle of 'early removal and small removal' of weeds, inhibits the weeds in the early stage of rice planting, and avoids the 'symbiosis' harm of the weeds when the rice is just transplanted and the competitiveness is weakest;
(4) The ground cover formed by the plants has the functions of water storage and water retention, so that the rice can survive more easily after being transplanted, and no adverse effect is caused on the growth of the rice;
(5) The selected submerged plants have abundant market supply, low price, easy planting, strong reproductive capacity, capability of quickly forming ground cover layers and obvious grass control effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field by using submerged plants, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a field: ploughing and flattening the field block before planting the submerged plants, keeping the ridge of the field block intact and ensuring that the field block is watertight; generally, the method is carried out 3 to 4 months after the summer-ripe crops are harvested or before the rice is planted.
(2) Water layer management: irrigating water after land preparation is finished, and keeping a water layer of 10-30 cm;
(3) Planting submerged plants: cutting the stem of the submerged plant into a vegetative propagule with the length of 5-30 cm, and then uniformly throwing the vegetative propagule into a field with a water layer according to the planting amount; after the submerged plant survives, the height of the water layer can be adjusted according to the density of the submerged plant until the submerged plant completely covers the soil surface.
(4) Draining: draining off the water layer 2-3 days before transplanting rice to make the submerged plant expose the water layer and cover the soil surface completely.
(5) Transplanting rice: after the surface of the submerged plant is dried, transplanting rice by using a transplanter according to the normal rice cultivation requirement, and performing water slurry management and fertilizer operation according to the normal cultivation management requirement after the rice transplanting is finished.
The process according to the invention is described in further detail below using specific examples. Each of the tests in the following examples was conducted in Shanghai Fengxian district.
Example 1 comparison of traits in different submerged plants
Selecting local common 6 kinds of submerged plants by field plot experiment, planting in field by asexual propagules in 10 days 4 months, and plot area is 48m 2 And 3 repetitions. The growth condition of the submerged plants is observed irregularly after planting, percentage evaluation is carried out on 3 aspects such as quick growth, density, coverage and the like after 60d (100 points are optimal), comprehensive evaluation results are taken as indexes, the types of the submerged plants which are most suitable for local cultivation are preferably selected, and the results are recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the traits of different submerged plants
The test results in table 1 show that 6 common submerged plants have strong reproductive capacity, can form thick ground surface covering layers before rice planting after 60 days of growth, and can be used as plants for growing and inhibiting grasses in the rice field.
Example 2 Effect of different amounts of Ile algae on Biomass formation
And selecting a representative submerged plant elodea nuttallii with optimal comprehensive evaluation, and carrying out research on influence of different planting quantities on biomass formation by adopting a field plot experiment. Test equipment 600, 900, 1200 and 1500kg/hm 2 Gradient of 4 planting amount. The planting time is 4 months and 2 days. The growth of the waterweeds is observed irregularly after planting, and samples are taken 60 days after planting to determine the biomass of each treatment. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different amounts of Ile algae on biomass formation
| Planting amount (kg/hm) 2 ) | Thickness of ground cover (cm) | Fresh weight (g/m) 2 ) | Dry weight (g/m) 2 ) |
| 600 | 4-5b | 1377.93b | 156.35b |
| 900 | 7-9a | 1986.50a | 228.35a |
| 1200 | 7-9a | 1959.03a | 232.35a |
| 1500 | 7-9a | 2162.44a | 243.70a |
The results of the measurements in Table 2 show that the clonally propagated waterweeds planted at the beginning of 4 months grow over a period of 60 days, except for 600kg/hm 2 The soil surface covering layer formed by the treatment is thinner, and is 900-1500 kg/hm 2 The treatments all formed a dense soil surface covering, and the covering thickness and biomass between treatments were not significantly different by anova. Therefore, the planting amount of the waterweeds is 900-1500 kg/hm 2 Preferably 900 to 1200kg/hm 2 。
Example 3 Effect of different planting time of Ile algae on Biomass formation
And selecting a representative submerged plant elodea nuttallii with optimal comprehensive evaluation, and carrying out research on influence of different planting times on biomass formation by adopting field plot experiments. The method comprises the following steps of planting the elodea once by adopting asexual propagules 5 days a month, and continuously planting 4 batches from 1 month to 4 months. The planting amount is respectively set to 600, 900, 1200 and 1500kg/hm 2 4 gradients. The growth of the plants was observed irregularly after the planting, and the biomass of each treatment was measured at 60 days after the planting of the last batch, and the measurement results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different planting times of waterweeds on biomass formation (fresh weight g/m) 2 )
The determination results in Table 3 show that the planting amount of the waterweeds reaches 900-1500 kg/hm 2 There was no significant difference between planting time and biomass formation; when the planting amount of the waterweeds is 600kg/hm 2 The biomass of the planting batch of 3-4 months is obviously lower than that of the batch of 1-2 months. It follows that the formation of the final biomass of elodea nuttallii is not only related to the amount planted, but also to the time of planting, i.e. the temperature during planting. The rice planting time is integrated, the field soaking time is shortened as much as possible, the method is most favorable for quickly forming an elodea soil surface covering layer, the optimal planting time is 3-4 months, and the planting amount is 900-1500 kg/hm 2 Preferably, the planting amount is 900-1200 kg/hm 2 。
Example 4 inhibitory Effect of submerged plants on different weeds at different planting times
A field plot experiment was used. 100 seeds of common weed in rice fields such as barnyard grass, moleplant seed, cyperus heterophylla, amaranthus auriculata, field lettuce and ludwigia prostrata are quantitatively sown in a small area, and the stem sections of the waterweeds with the length of 10-15 cm are planted in the rice fields of 14 days in 2 months, 14 days in 3 months and 14 days in 4 months respectively, and the planting quantity is 1200kg/hm 2 . Each batch was treated without Haematococcus plantings as a blank. The water was drained at 6 months and 14 days, the number of weed plants remaining in the plot was investigated, and the weed control effect was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 inhibition effect (%)
The test results in table 4 show that the temperature has a great influence on the growth and reproduction of the elodea nuttallii, the higher the temperature is, the faster the elodea nuttallii growth speed is, the earlier the soil surface covering layer can be formed, and the overall effect of inhibiting the weed germination is better. From the aspect of inhibiting effects on different weed types, the waterweed covering layer has the strongest inhibiting effect on broad-leaved weeds such as amaranthus, mirabilitum strange and ludwigia prostrata, and is the cyperaceae weeds such as cyperus vulgaris, so that the effect on gramineous weeds such as barnyard grass and moleplant seed is relatively poor. According to the analysis of the inhibition effect of the waterweeds on weeds at different planting times, the final inhibition effect is not obviously different after the batch treatment of 3-month-14-day and 4-month-14-day planting.
Example 5 Effect of different planting amounts of submerged plants on suppressing weeds in transplanted paddy fields
The test is a field large-area test. Respectively setting 600, 900, 1200 and 1500kg/hm of the waterweed 2 4 planting amount, transplanting with stem segments at 4 months and 5 days in the year. Area of 750m per large area 2 And 3 repetitions. After draining water for 3 days at 6 months, the number of weed plants remaining in each treatment was examined by type. And (5) mechanically transplanting seedlings in 6 months and 5 days, randomly taking 3 sampling points in each large area 21d after transplanting, and investigating the field weed occurrence condition. Tables 5-1 and 5-2 record the inhibition effect of 21d waterweeds on paddy field weeds before and after rice transplantation, respectively.
TABLE 5-1 inhibition effect of different amounts of Ile algae on weeds in transplanted rice fields (% before transplantation of rice)
TABLE 5-2 inhibition effect of various amounts of Ile algae on weeds in transplanted paddy field (21 d after transplantation,%)
The results of the experiments in Table 5-1 show that the thickness of the waterweed was varied before transplantingCovering the soil surface with a layer of 600kg/hm 2 The weed inhibiting effect of the treatment is slightly poor, 900-1500 kg/hm 2 3 planting amounts show excellent inhibition effects on the transplanted paddy field abnormal-shaped sedge, the ear-base amaranth and the monochoria vaginalis. The test results in Table 5-2 show that according to the investigation of 21d after rice transplantation, the Ile algae residues in each treatment are rotten, but 900-1500 kg/hm 2 The 3 planting amounts have better inhibiting effect on the cyperaceae weeds of the abnormal cyperus rotundus, the broad-leaf weeds of the acalypha australis and the monochoria vaginalis besides the inhibiting effect on the barnyard grass, the plant number control effect and the fresh weight control effect are between 79.5 and 92.1 percent, the symbiotic competition between the early growth period and the weeds after the rice is transplanted is effectively avoided, and the healthy growth of the rice is ensured.
Example 6: effect of submerged plants on the growth and yield development of transplanted Rice
The test is a field large-area test. Respectively setting 600, 900, 1200 and 1500kg/hm of the waterweed 2 4 planting amount, transplanting the seedlings with 10-15 cm long Euglena stem segments at 4 months and 5 days in the year. Area of 750m per large area 2 And 3 repetitions. Draining water in 3 days in 6 months, mechanically transplanting rice seedlings in 5 days in 6 months, and basically dying the elodea nutans during transplanting rice seedlings. Sampling and investigating at 21d after transplanting, counting the number of rice holes in a row of 5m, randomly taking 3 sampling points in each large area, taking 5 holes in each sampling point, and measuring the growth indexes of the rice, such as the plant height, the root length, the fresh weight and the like, wherein the measurement results are shown in a table 6-1. After the rice is mature, sampling is carried out, and yield is measured, and the measurement result is shown in a table 6-2.
TABLE 6-1 Effect of Iris on the growth of transplanted Rice
TABLE 6-2 Effect of Iridium on the yield development of transplanted Rice
The measurement results shown in Table 6-1 indicate that mechanical transplanting is carried out after the elodea nuttallii, the number of rice holes in each 5m line is consistent with that of blank control, no hole deficiency and seedling death of rice occur, and the fact that an elodea nuttallii cover layer is arranged on the soil surface does not influence mechanical transplanting operation. The sampling and measuring results show that the growth indexes of different waterweeds such as stem tillering number, plant height, fresh weight of overground parts, root length, fresh weight of underground parts and the like of transplanted rice are not obviously different from blank control, and the fact that the waterweeds are planted to cover the soil surface and then drained, and the rice is transplanted after the waterweeds are dried up is proved that no adverse effect is caused on the growth of the rice. As shown in Table 6-2, the results of measurements of the rice after maturation showed that the treatment groups showed different increases in yield by 18.99-25.97% due to the inhibition of the growth of weeds in the rice field.
Example 7 Effect of submerged plants on Paddy field Water quality
In the test field described in example 6, water samples were taken at 14d and 21d of the field after rice transplantation (decay of waterweed) by the diagonal 5-point method, and the indexes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the water were determined and judged according to the standard value of agricultural water in class V of "quality standard of surface water environment". The measurement results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 influence of waterweed planting on water quality
The determination results show that after the rice is transplanted with the waterweeds and decays, the indexes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and the like of the water body of the rice field are not obviously different from those of a control group and are all within the range of the V-type agricultural water standard limit value of the surface water environment quality standard, and that the water body quality is not influenced by the plantation of the waterweeds for the grass suppression of the rice field.
In conclusion, the method for preventing and controlling weeds in the rice field by using the submerged plants has no adverse effect on the water quality of the rice field while realizing excellent weed control effect, effectively improves the yield of the rice field, and has higher practical value.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field by using submerged plants is characterized in that before rice is planted, a field is irrigated, the submerged plants are planted and grow until a plant covering layer is formed on the soil surface of the field; and then, draining the field, and planting rice after the surface of the submerged plant is dried.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weeds in the paddy field are controlled by submerged plants, and the weeds comprise waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, pondweed, curly pondweed, hydrilla verticillata, hydrilla parvifolia, herring algae, goldfish algae, raccoon, hornet algae, cunninghamia lanceolata, plantago asiatica, goldenseal, potamogeton crispatus, potamogeton pectinifera, and potamogeton pectinifera.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before planting the submerged plants, the field is plowed and leveled, and ridges around the field are kept intact to ensure that the field is watertight.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the field is irrigated with water and a 10-30cm water layer is maintained for planting submerged plants before planting the rice.
5. The method for controlling weeds in paddy fields by using submerged plants according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plants are planted 12 months to 6 months in the year before the rice is planted; preferably 1 month to 4 months in the year; more preferably from 3 to 4 months in the year.
6. The method for controlling weeds in rice fields using submerged plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of said submerged plants is 75 to 3000kg/hm 2 (ii) a Preferably 600-1500kg/hm 2 。
7. The method for controlling paddy field weeds using submerged plants as claimed in claim 6, wherein said submerged plants are planted in an amount of 900 to 1200kg/hm 2 。
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the planting time of the submerged plant is 3-4 months in the year, and the planting amount is 900-1200 kg/hm 2 。
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plant is planted by cutting the stem of the submerged plant into vegetative propagules 5-30 cm long, and then throwing the vegetative propagules of the submerged plant uniformly into the field.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water layer is drained 2 to 3 days before transplanting of the rice, so that the submerged plant exposes the water layer and completely covers the soil surface, and the rice can be transplanted according to the normal rice cultivation requirements after the surface of the submerged plant dries up.
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| CA3191550A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-05-27 | Jinwen ZHU | Method for using plant material to simultaneously control weeds and plant target plant |
| CN115362784A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-22 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Ditching method and cultivation method for three-dimensional rice field planting and breeding |
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| JP2010252740A (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-11-11 | Motoyoshi Tanaka | Weeding and growth retarding method of paddy field or upland |
| CN103548633A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-05 | 临沂同德农业科技开发有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for rice in upland nursery |
| CN111053007A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 梅雁航 | Organic frog rice ecological planting and processing method |
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