CN115785962A - Passivator for severe cadmium polluted rice field soil and application method - Google Patents
Passivator for severe cadmium polluted rice field soil and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115785962A CN115785962A CN202210955761.7A CN202210955761A CN115785962A CN 115785962 A CN115785962 A CN 115785962A CN 202210955761 A CN202210955761 A CN 202210955761A CN 115785962 A CN115785962 A CN 115785962A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil passivating agent for heavy cadmium pollution of acid paddy soil in south China and an application method thereof, wherein the soil passivating agent is prepared by uniformly mixing a silicon fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and biochar according to a certain proportion, is applied 25-30 days before seedling transplantation and is fully mixed with polluted soil; the soil passivator can simultaneously reduce the cadmium in the soil biological effective state, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of rice, provide nutrient elements for the growth and development of the rice, promote the growth of the rice and improve the yield and the quality of the rice; the application of the invention can obviously reduce the cadmium content of the rice grain, under the condition of applying the passivating agent, the cadmium content of the grain can be lower than the limit of cadmium pollutants in national standard food for food safety, and the reduction ratio of the cadmium of the grain reaches 47.2-55.8 percent; the soil passivator has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, low price, simple and convenient operation and the like, can improve the yield of rice, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to restoration of heavy metal pollution in rice fields, in particular to a passivator for severe cadmium pollution of soil in acid rice fields in south China and an application method thereof, and particularly relates to a method for reducing cadmium content of rice grains by applying the passivator to the soil.
Background
Cadmium is one of five generally recognized public harmful elements, is a non-essential harmful trace element for human bodies, and can cause skeletal toxicity, renal toxicity, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and the like when being taken excessively. In the soil, different soil passivators have larger difference when fixing different heavy metals, and the difference of the dosage is also larger. Therefore, the screening of the soil passivator capable of reducing the Cd content of the rice has important significance for repairing the cadmium pollution of the soil.
Although soil passivators such as clay minerals, phosphate fertilizer substances, iron-manganese oxides, siliceous substances, alkaline substances, composite passivators and the like have been developed in China, no soil passivator capable of being popularized and applied in a large scale is found at present due to the reasons of large using amount, high cost, poor stability and safety and the like, and no soil passivator capable of being popularized in a large scale and effectively repairing severe cadmium pollution is found.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, a soil passivator which can be popularized on a large scale and can effectively repair the heavy cadmium pollution needs to be provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the soil passivator for repairing the cadmium severe pollution is prepared by uniformly mixing a silicon fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and biochar according to a certain proportion, wherein the silicon fertilizer is an agricultural water-soluble silicon fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is a chicken manure organic fertilizer obtained by decomposing, fermenting and sterilizing at high temperature, and the biochar is formed by anoxic cracking of waste rice straws.
Preferably, the technical indexes of the silicon fertilizer meet the execution standards of the agricultural industry on the silicon fertilizer, and SiO in the silicon fertilizer 2 The mass percentage content of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 percent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6 hundred million/g, the potassium, boron, zinc, iron, magnesium and copper are more than or equal to 4 percent, and urease inhibitor and biological hormone are added.
The silicon fertilizer is added with nutrient elements such as potassium, boron, zinc, iron, magnesium and copper which are beneficial to the growth of rice, urease inhibitor and biological hormone. By applying the silicon fertilizer, the economic characters and the yield of the rice can be remarkably improved, the stress resistance and the disease and insect pest resistance of the rice are enhanced, and the cadmium content of the brown rice can be reduced; supplementing nutrient elements such as potassium, boron, zinc, iron, magnesium, copper and the like, improving the absorption of the rice to the nutrient elements, and improving the photosynthesis and metabolism functions of the rice, thereby reducing the physiological diseases of the rice; the urease inhibitor moves synchronously with urea molecules in soil, so that the catalysis speed of urease on urea is inhibited, the lasting period of urea is prolonged, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved by over 30 percent, the effective tillering can be increased by the biological hormone, the maturing rate and thousand-grain weight are improved, and the yield of rice is obviously improved.
Preferably, the technical indexes of the organic fertilizer meet the execution standards of the agricultural industry on the organic fertilizer, and the basic physicochemical properties are as follows: the pH value is 5.0-8.5, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 5%.
The chicken manure organic fertilizer contains pi bonds, has higher aromatizing and decomposing degrees, is more stable to adsorb Cd, and can reduce the bioavailable Cd.
Preferably, the biochar is prepared by taking waste rice straws obtained after harvesting rice as a raw material and performing anoxic pyrolysis at 550-600 ℃ for 3-4 h, and the particle size is 200 meshes.
The biochar has larger specific surface area and higher chemical and biological activity due to the special physicochemical properties, can enhance the adsorption capacity of soil to heavy metal ions while increasing the pH of the soil, and plays a role in improving the soil quality.
Preferably, the soil passivating agent is applied 25-30 days before the seedlings are transplanted, and the soil passivating agent and the soil of the rice field are uniformly mixed, and the seedling transplantation, the water fertilizer management and the pest management are carried out according to local agronomic measures.
The soil passivators are combined pairwise, so that popularization and optimization are facilitated, and the cadmium absorption amount of the rice is reduced mainly by adsorbing heavy metals and improving the pH value of the soil, so that the aim of reducing the cadmium accumulation amount of the rice is fulfilled.
Preferably, the rice variety of the paddy field is Chuanyou 6203, the average total growth period is 156 days, the plant height is 111.6 centimeters, and the total number of rice ears is 169 grains, which is provided by the research institute of agricultural academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the soil passivator can be widely applied to acid paddy soil in south China, and the outdoor pot experiment result shows that the soil passivator can ensure that the cadmium content of rice planted in the cadmium heavily-polluted paddy soil is obviously lower than that of a blank control experiment group and the national food safety standard, and the cadmium content of the rice is reduced by 47.2-55.8%.
2. The soil passivator disclosed by the invention contains medium and trace nutrient elements such as silicon, magnesium and zinc required by rice growth, can reduce the cadmium content of rice, can increase the disease resistance and stress resistance of the rice, promotes tillering of the rice and the like, and improves the yield of the rice.
3. The soil passivator disclosed by the invention is green and pollution-free, simple in preparation and application method, easy to obtain various raw materials in the market, efficient and stable in remediation efficiency, small in dosage, low in cost and relatively high in popularization and application prospect.
4. The soil passivator disclosed by the invention is combined in pairs, is beneficial to popularization and optimization, and mainly reduces the cadmium absorption of rice by adsorbing heavy metals and increasing the pH of soil, so that the aim of reducing the cadmium accumulation of rice is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a data diagram of the Cd content of soil in a maturation period and the Cd content of rice treated by a passivating agent for applying silicon fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a data diagram of the Cd content of soil in the maturation period and the Cd content of rice treated by the silicon fertilizer and charcoal passivator.
FIG. 3 is a data diagram of the Cd content of soil full Cd and rice in a maturation period treated by the biochar and organic fertilizer passivant.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment: preparing and applying an organic fertilizer passivating agent by using a silicon fertilizer:
the implementation place of the pot experiment is in the geochemistry institute of the national academy of sciences in the mountain lake region of Guiyang city, guizhou province, the soil with severe Cd pollution in Tianzhu county, guizhou southeast Guizhou province is selected, the total Cd content of the soil is 28mg/kg, the pH value of the soil is 4.97 +/-0.09, organic fertilizers with effective Si =250mg/kg and 3% are uniformly mixed to prepare a soil passivator, the soil passivator is spread on the surface of the pot soil and uniformly stirred 25-30 days before the rice seedlings are transplanted, and the rice seedling raising, the water fertilizer management, the pest management and the like are carried out according to local agricultural measures. Before the rice is planted, 0.6 g of urea and 0.5 g of compound fertilizer are added into each planting barrel, and 0.8 g of urea and 1.6 g of compound fertilizer are added during the tillering stage. Each treatment was repeated three times and a blank control was set.
Before testing, collecting an initial soil sample; in the mature period of the rice, soil and rice samples are collected according to the same method. Placing the soil sample in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and air-drying and sieving for later use; a rice sample is cleaned by tap water, is washed by deionized water for 3 times, is put into a kraft paper envelope for drying, is subjected to shelling, bran removal and crushing, is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve for later use, is subjected to high-pressure closed digestion and volume fixing, and is subjected to cadmium content determination by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, so that potted soil and rice test data are obtained and are shown in figure 1.
In this embodiment: and (3) preparing a biochar passivator for the silicon fertilizer:
the implementation place of the pot experiment is in the geochemistry institute of Chinese academy of sciences in mountain lake region of Guiyang city, guizhou province, the soil with severe Cd pollution in Tianzhu county of Guizhou south China is selected, the total Cd of the soil is 28mg/kg, the pH value of the soil is 4.97 +/-0.09, the soil passivator is prepared by uniformly mixing 3% biochar with effective Si =250mg/kg, the mixture is spread on the surface of the pot soil 25-30 days before transplanting rice seedlings and is uniformly stirred, and rice seedling raising, water fertilizer, pest and disease control and the like are performed according to local agricultural measures. Before the rice is planted, 0.6 g of urea and 0.5 g of compound fertilizer are added into each planting barrel, and 0.8 g of urea and 1.6 g of compound fertilizer are added during the tillering stage. Each treatment was repeated three times and a blank control was set.
Before testing, collecting an initial soil sample; soil and rice samples were collected in the same manner during the rice maturation period. Placing the soil sample in a cool and ventilated indoor place to air-dry and sieve for later use; a rice sample is cleaned by tap water, then is washed for 3 times by deionized water, then is put into a kraft paper envelope for drying, is shelled, bran is removed, is crushed and is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve for standby, the sample is subjected to high-pressure closed digestion and volume fixing, and cadmium content is measured by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, so that potted soil and rice test data are obtained and are shown in figure 2.
In this embodiment: preparing and applying an organic fertilizer passivator by using biochar:
the implementation place of the pot experiment is in the geochemistry institute of Chinese academy of sciences in mountain lake region of Guiyang city, guizhou province, the soil with severe Cd pollution in Tianzhu county of Guizhou south China is selected, the total Cd of the soil is 28mg/kg, the pH value of the soil is 4.97 +/-0.09, 3 percent of organic fertilizer and 3 percent of charcoal are uniformly mixed to prepare a soil passivator, the soil passivator is spread on the surface of pot soil and uniformly stirred 25 to 30 days before the transplanting of rice seedlings, and the rice seedling raising, water fertilizer, pest and disease control and the like are carried out according to local agricultural measures. Before the rice is planted, 0.6 g of urea and 0.5 g of compound fertilizer are added into each planting barrel, and 0.8 g of urea and 1.6 g of compound fertilizer are added during the tillering stage. Each treatment was repeated three times and a blank control was set.
Before testing, collecting an initial soil sample; in the mature period of the rice, soil and rice samples are collected according to the same method. Placing the soil sample in a cool and ventilated indoor place to air-dry and sieve for later use; the rice sample is cleaned by tap water, then is washed for 3 times by deionized water, then is put into a kraft paper envelope for drying, is shelled, bran is removed, is crushed and is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve for standby, the sample is subjected to high-pressure closed digestion and volume fixing, the cadmium content is measured by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the test data of the potted soil and the rice are obtained and are shown in table 3.
The results show that: as can be seen from figures 1, 2 and 3, the cadmium content of the brown rice is obviously reduced by the matched application of the composite passivator, compared with a control, the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 47.2-55.8 percent, and the cadmium content meets the limit requirement on the cadmium content of the rice in GB2762-2017 national standard food for food safety, namely pollutant limit, and is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg.
The cadmium reduction effect of the composite passivator on rice grains is obvious when the composite passivator is applied. The best effect is achieved by adopting the distribution and application mode of the silicon fertilizer composite organic fertilizer, the reduction ratio of the cadmium content of the brown rice is as high as 55.8 percent, and the limit requirement of the national standard GB2762-2017 on the cadmium content of the rice is met.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A passivator for paddy field soil with severe cadmium pollution comprises a soil passivator and is characterized in that: the soil passivator is formed by uniformly mixing a silicon fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and biochar in pairs according to a certain proportion, wherein the silicon fertilizer is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is a chicken manure organic fertilizer obtained by decomposing, fermenting and sterilizing at high temperature, and the biochar is formed by anoxic pyrolysis of waste rice straws.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the technical index of the silicon fertilizer meets the execution standard GB20287-2006 for the silicon fertilizer in the agricultural industry, and SiO in the silicon fertilizer 2 The mass percentage content of the active bacteria is more than or equal to 20 percent, the effective viable bacteria number is more than or equal to 6 hundred million/g, and the potassium and the boron are mixedMore than or equal to 4 percent of zinc, iron, magnesium and copper, and urease inhibitor and biological hormone are added.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the technical indexes of the organic fertilizer meet the requirement of the agricultural industry on the execution standard NY-525-2012 of the organic fertilizer, and the basic physicochemical properties of the organic fertilizer are as follows: the pH value is 5.0-8.5, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 5 percent.
4. The biochar as claimed in claim 1 is prepared by taking waste rice straws after rice harvesting as a raw material and performing anoxic pyrolysis at 550-600 ℃ for 3-4 h, and the particle size specification is 200 meshes.
5. The method for applying the soil passivating agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the paddy field soil heavily polluted by cadmium is selected, the soil passivating agent is applied 25 to 30 days before the seedling transplantation, the soil passivating agent and the paddy field soil are uniformly mixed, and the seedling transplantation, the water and fertilizer and the pest management are carried out according to local agronomic measures.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rice cultivar is Chuanyou 6203, the average total growth period is 156 days, the plant height is 111.6 cm, and the total number of grains per ear is 169 provided by the institute of crops of academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province.
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