CN111362763A - Soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111362763A CN111362763A CN201811496164.2A CN201811496164A CN111362763A CN 111362763 A CN111362763 A CN 111362763A CN 201811496164 A CN201811496164 A CN 201811496164A CN 111362763 A CN111362763 A CN 111362763A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation, which comprises the following components: 80-90 parts of soil conditioner; 10-20 parts of biochar; 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer; the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting; the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm. Compared with the prior art, the soil passivator provided by the invention adopts components with specific contents, has better interaction and good remediation effect on the soil polluted by heavy metals; meanwhile, the main components of the fertilizer are biodegradable materials which are prepared from landscaping wastes, so that the cost is low, the soil fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the fertilizer is free of secondary pollution in application. Experimental results show that after the soil passivator provided by the invention is applied, the cadmium concentration reduction rate of the field soil is over 36%, and the soil passivator has a good cadmium resistance control effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural soil fertilizers, in particular to a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The reform is open for 40 years, and the ecological environment is deteriorated due to the thin environmental protection consciousness and the pursuit of economic construction. The heavy metal pollution problem exists in the farmland soil of large area in China, and the problem of the heavy metal pollution of the soil cannot be effectively solved by adopting a single soil remediation technical method. Once the heavy metals pollute the soil, they are difficult to remove and complete remediation requires expensive and costly efforts to promote. Therefore, the development of a farmland soil heavy metal treatment technology and a materialized product which can be popularized and applied in a large area and have lower cost is urgently needed.
The heavy metal passivation technology is considered to be one of the most effective measures for treating the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil. The heavy metal passivation technology utilizes a proper composite material to enable heavy metal ions to form a precipitate substance which is difficult to dissolve so as to reduce the effective concentration of the heavy metal in the soil, thereby reducing the absorption rate of crops. The investment of the soil heavy metal passivation technology is relatively low, the remediation efficiency is high, and the operation is simple; the method has good superiority for repairing large-area medium-low heavy metal polluted soil, and can meet the requirements of heavy metal pollution treatment of farmland soil in China and agricultural product safety guarantee.
However, the soil passivators of the prior art also have problems in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, such as high production costs, and may also have adverse effects on soil fertility and soil structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation, which comprises the following components:
80-90 parts of soil conditioner;
10-20 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer;
the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting;
the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm.
Preferably, the silicon fertilizer comprises a silicon-calcium fertilizer and/or a silicon-potassium fertilizer;
SiO in the silicon fertilizer2The content of (A) is 30-65%.
Preferably, the process of decomposing and fermenting is carried out in the presence of a microbial fermentation agent;
the microbial fermentation inoculum is a mixture of Jinbaobei leavening agents.
Preferably, the Jinbao fermentation mixture comprises the following components:
0.9 to 1.1 weight portions of Jinbaobei substrate nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent;
5-10 parts of auxiliary materials;
the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of rice bran, bran and corn flour.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil passivator in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) sorting landscaping waste into a first raw material with the diameter larger than 4cm and a second raw material with the diameter below 4 cm;
b) incinerating the first raw material obtained in the step a) to obtain biochar;
c) crushing the second raw material obtained in the step a), and then carrying out decomposing fermentation to obtain a soil conditioner;
d) mixing the biochar obtained in the step b), the soil conditioner obtained in the step c) and a silicon fertilizer to obtain a soil passivator for repairing heavy metal pollution;
there is no sequential limitation to step b) and step c).
Preferably, the sorting process in step a) further comprises:
removing impurities in landscaping waste with the diameter of less than 4cm to obtain a second raw material.
Preferably, the incineration temperature in the step b) is 300-800 ℃, and the time is 3-12 h.
Preferably, the process of the decomposing fermentation in the step c) is specifically as follows:
c1) watering and thoroughly watering the crushed second raw material, keeping the humidity at 60% -70%, and tightly piling for 22-26 h to obtain a material to be fermented; then, uniformly spreading the mixture of the golden baby starter and urea in layers in the material to be fermented, piling up the mixture into a trapezoidal prismoid after all the mixture is uniformly mixed, covering green grass and plastic cloth, and carrying out composting fermentation in a light-proof and rain-proof shed; in the composting fermentation process, a thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the middle part of the pile body, and when the temperature of the pile body reaches 55-60 ℃, the pile is turned; when the temperature of the pile body reaches 68-72 ℃, the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced after the pile body is continuously heated, and fermentation is finished after 14-16 days to obtain decomposed fermentation materials;
c2) performing secondary fermentation on the obviously non-decomposed materials; in the secondary fermentation process, when the temperature of a stack body reaches 64-66 ℃, the stack is turned, and the temperature is stabilized at 25-35 ℃ for 14-16 days, so that the decomposed fermentation material is obtained after the fermentation is finished.
c3) And c1) and c2) to obtain a soil conditioner.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture of the golden baby starter, the urea and the material to be fermented in the step c1) is (5.9-11.1): 1: (500-2000).
The invention also provides an application of the soil passivator in the technical scheme in soil heavy metal pollution remediation.
The invention provides a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation, which comprises the following components: 80-90 parts of soil conditioner; 10-20 parts of biochar; 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer; the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting; the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm. Compared with the prior art, the soil passivator provided by the invention adopts components with specific contents, has better interaction and good remediation effect on the soil polluted by heavy metals; meanwhile, the main components of the fertilizer are biodegradable materials which are prepared from landscaping wastes, so that the cost is low, the soil fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the fertilizer is free of secondary pollution in application. Experimental results show that after the soil passivator provided by the invention is applied, the cadmium concentration reduction rate of the field soil is over 36%, and the soil passivator has a good cadmium resistance control effect.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, cheap and easily available raw materials and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation, which comprises the following components:
80-90 parts of soil conditioner;
10-20 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer;
the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting;
the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm.
The soil passivator provided by the invention consists of a soil conditioner with specific content, biological carbon and a silicon fertilizer. In the invention, the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing, decomposing and fermenting landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and the biochar is prepared by burning landscaping wastes with the diameter of more than 4cm, namely the soil conditioner and the biochar which are used as main components are prepared from the landscaping wastes, so that the cost is low; the invention can fully utilize the landscaping waste without generating secondary waste.
In the invention, the landscaping waste is waste which is generated in a greening maintenance process and comprises trunks, branches, leaves, flowers and abortions, grass scraps and other sundries; the landscaping waste with the diameter of less than 4cm mainly comprises a trunk, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits, grass scraps and other sundries, and the landscaping waste with the diameter of more than 4cm mainly comprises the trunk and the branches, and the trunk and the branches can be obtained respectively in a sorting mode.
In the invention, the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing, decomposing and fermenting landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4 cm. In the present invention, the process of the decomposing fermentation is preferably performed in the presence of a microbial fermentation agent. In the invention, the microbial fermentation inoculant is preferably a mixture of Jinbaobei leavening agents.
In the present invention, the kimbae starter mixture preferably comprises the following components:
0.9 to 1.1 weight portions of Jinbaobei substrate nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent;
5-10 parts of auxiliary materials;
more preferably:
1 part of a Jinbaobei matrix nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent;
5 parts of auxiliary materials.
The source of the fermentation aid of the golden baby matrix nutrient soil is not particularly limited, and a commercially available commodity well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
In the present invention, the auxiliary material preferably includes one or more of rice bran, wheat bran and corn flour, and more preferably rice bran. The sources of the auxiliary materials are not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products of the above-mentioned rice bran, wheat bran and corn flour, which are well known to those skilled in the art, may be used.
In the invention, the preparation method of the Jinbao shellfish leavening agent mixture preferably comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the golden baby matrix nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent and the auxiliary materials to obtain a golden baby starter mixture.
In the invention, the soil conditioner can change the physical and chemical properties of soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the water and fertilizer retention, ventilation and tillage of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil and have the characteristics of soil improvement and soil heavy metal passivation. In the present invention, the soil-passivating agent includes 80 to 90 parts by weight of a soil conditioner, preferably 85 parts by weight.
In the invention, the biological carbon is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter of more than 4 cm. The incineration equipment is not particularly limited by the invention, and a high-temperature furnace known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the invention, the surface of the biochar contains a large number of carboxyl, hydroxyl, acid anhydride and other groups, and also has the advantages of negative charge and large specific surface area, and the biochar can improve the pH value of acid soil and increase the cation exchange capacity, thereby adsorbing pollutants and heavy metals in the soil and reducing the accumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in the bodies of crops. In the present invention, the soil inactivation agent includes 10 to 20 parts by weight of biochar, preferably 15 parts by weight.
In the invention, the silicon fertilizer preferably comprises a calcium silicon fertilizer and/or a potassium silicon fertilizer, and more preferably comprises a calcium silicon fertilizer. The source of the silicon fertilizer is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products of the above-mentioned calcium silicon fertilizer and potassium silicon fertilizer, which are well known to those skilled in the art, may be used. In the invention, SiO in the silicon fertilizer2The content of (b) is preferably 30% to 65%. In the invention, the silicon fertilizer mainly has the functions of improving the pH value of the medium and promoting the precipitation of heavy metal ions and the formation of silicate compounds, thereby reducing the concentration and the fluidity of active heavy metal ions in the medium. In the present invention, the soil passivating agent comprises 10 to 20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer, preferably 15 parts by weight.
The soil passivator provided by the invention adopts components with specific contents, has good interaction and good remediation effect on heavy metal contaminated soil; meanwhile, the main components of the fertilizer are biodegradable materials which are prepared from landscaping wastes, so that the cost is low, the soil fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the fertilizer is free of secondary pollution in application.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil passivator in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) sorting landscaping waste into a first raw material with the diameter larger than 4cm and a second raw material with the diameter below 4 cm;
b) incinerating the first raw material obtained in the step a) to obtain biochar;
c) crushing the second raw material obtained in the step a), and then carrying out decomposing fermentation to obtain a soil conditioner;
d) mixing the biochar obtained in the step b), the soil conditioner obtained in the step c) and a silicon fertilizer to obtain a soil passivator for repairing heavy metal pollution;
there is no sequential limitation to step b) and step c).
The method comprises the steps of firstly sorting landscaping wastes into a first raw material with the diameter larger than 4cm and a second raw material with the diameter smaller than 4 cm. The source of the landscaping waste is not particularly limited, and the waste comprising trunks, branches, leaves, flowers and abortions, grass scraps and other sundries generated in the greening maintenance process and known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
The method comprises the steps of respectively obtaining landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4cm and landscaping waste with the diameter smaller than 4cm by a sorting mode; wherein, landscaping wastes with the diameter larger than 4cm are mainly trunks and are recorded as a first raw material; landscaping waste with the diameter of less than 4cm mainly comprises branches, leaves, flowers and abortions, grass clippings and other sundries, and is recorded as a second raw material.
In the present invention, the sorting process preferably further comprises:
removing impurities in landscaping waste with the diameter of less than 4cm to obtain a second raw material. In the present invention, the foreign materials include iron wires, stones, plastics, ropes, batteries, etc., and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
After the first raw material and the second raw material are obtained, the obtained first raw material is incinerated to obtain biochar; and simultaneously crushing the obtained second raw material, and then carrying out decomposition fermentation to obtain the soil conditioner.
The obtained first raw material is incinerated to obtain the biochar. In the invention, the incineration temperature is preferably 300-800 ℃, and more preferably 500 ℃; the incineration time is preferably 3 to 12 hours, more preferably 7 hours. The incineration equipment is not particularly limited by the invention, and a high-temperature furnace known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the present invention, the incineration is preferably performed under air exclusion.
The obtained second raw material is crushed and then is fermented to obtain the soil conditioner. In the present invention, the purpose of the pulverization is to process the second raw material into fine particles with a diameter of less than 0.5cm, so as to facilitate the subsequent rapid decomposition fermentation. The present invention is not particularly limited to the crushing apparatus, and a crushing machine such as a straw crusher well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the process of the decomposing fermentation is preferably specifically:
c1) watering and thoroughly watering the crushed second raw material, keeping the humidity at 60% -70%, and tightly piling for 22-26 h to obtain a material to be fermented; then, uniformly spreading the mixture of the golden baby starter and urea in layers in the material to be fermented, piling up the mixture into a trapezoidal prismoid after all the mixture is uniformly mixed, covering green grass and plastic cloth, and carrying out composting fermentation in a light-proof and rain-proof shed; in the composting fermentation process, a thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the middle part of the pile body, and when the temperature of the pile body reaches 55-60 ℃, the pile is turned; when the temperature of the pile body reaches 68-72 ℃, the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced after the pile body is continuously heated, and fermentation is finished after 14-16 days to obtain decomposed fermentation materials;
c2) performing secondary fermentation on the obviously non-decomposed materials; in the secondary fermentation process, when the temperature of a stack body reaches 64-66 ℃, the stack is turned, and the temperature is stabilized at 25-35 ℃ for 14-16 days, so that the decomposed fermentation material is obtained after the fermentation is finished.
c3) Sieving the decomposed and fermented materials obtained in the steps c1) and c2) to obtain a soil conditioner;
more preferably:
c1) watering and thoroughly watering the crushed second raw material, keeping the humidity at 65%, and tightly piling for 24 hours to obtain a material to be fermented; then, uniformly spreading the mixture of the golden baby starter and urea in layers in the material to be fermented, piling up the mixture into a trapezoidal prismoid after all the mixture is uniformly mixed, covering green grass and plastic cloth, and carrying out composting fermentation in a light-proof and rain-proof shed; in the composting fermentation process, a thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the middle part of the pile body, and when the temperature of the pile body reaches 55-60 ℃, the pile is turned; when the temperature of the pile body reaches 70 ℃, after the pile body is continuously heated, the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced, and after 15 days, the fermentation is finished to obtain a decomposed fermentation material;
c2) performing secondary fermentation on the obviously non-decomposed materials; and in the secondary fermentation process, when the temperature of the pile body reaches 65 ℃, turning the pile, stabilizing the temperature at 30 ℃ for 15 days, and finishing fermentation to obtain the decomposed fermentation material.
c3) And c1) and c2) to obtain a soil conditioner.
In the present invention, the mixture of the golden baby starter is the same as that described in the above technical solution, and is not described herein again. The source of the urea is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the Jinbaobei starter mixture to the urea to the material to be fermented is preferably (5.9-11.1): 1: (500-2000), more preferably 6: 1: 1000.
in the invention, the preferable process of uniformly scattering the mixture of the golden baby leavening agent and the urea in the materials in a layered manner is as follows:
and scattering a layer of the golden baby starter mixture and urea on every 20cm thick material, and turning over while scattering until all the materials are uniformly mixed.
In the invention, the length of the trapezoid prism table is preferably 2.5 m-3.5 m, the width is preferably 2 m-3 m, and the height is preferably 0.8 m-2 m; the volume of the trapezoidal frustum pyramid is preferably greater than or equal to 12m2。
In the process of the secondary fermentation, the pile turning mode is preferably adopted for 3 times by adopting auxiliary ventilation, manpower, a forklift or a pile turning machine and the like; adding water to the pile each time according to the condition, and adding no water to the pile for the third time.
After the biological carbon and the soil conditioner are obtained, the obtained biological carbon, the soil conditioner and the silicon fertilizer are mixed to obtain the soil passivator for repairing heavy metal pollution. In the present invention, the mixing process preferably includes:
and uniformly mixing the obtained biological carbon, the soil conditioner and the silicon fertilizer, and drying to obtain the soil passivator for repairing heavy metal pollution.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner, the biological carbon and the silicon fertilizer is (80-90): (10-20): (10-20), preferably 85: 15: 15. in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 85: 15: 15; in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 90: 10: 10; in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 80: 20: 20.
the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low production cost and suitability for large-scale popularization and application.
The invention also provides an application of the soil passivator in the technical scheme in soil heavy metal pollution remediation. The soil passivator provided by the invention can be applied before rice transplanting after harrowing of a rice field, and can also be applied after rice transplanting to keep a shallow water layer; the topdressing for dry farmland can be carried out by hole application or furrow application, and then soil covering and watering are carried out.
In the present invention, the application amount of the soil passivating agent is preferably 50 kg/mu to 90 kg/mu, and more preferably 80 kg/mu.
The soil passivator provided by the invention has a good effect of repairing soil polluted by heavy metals. Experimental results show that after the soil passivator provided by the invention is applied, the cadmium concentration reduction rate of the field soil is over 36%, and the soil passivator has a good cadmium resistance control effect.
The invention provides a soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation, which comprises the following components: 80-90 parts of soil conditioner; 10-20 parts of biochar; 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer; the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting; the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm. Compared with the prior art, the soil passivator provided by the invention adopts components with specific contents, has better interaction and good remediation effect on the soil polluted by heavy metals; meanwhile, the main components of the fertilizer are biodegradable materials which are prepared from landscaping wastes, so that the cost is low, the soil fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the fertilizer is free of secondary pollution in application. Experimental results show that after the soil passivator provided by the invention is applied, the cadmium concentration reduction rate of the field soil is over 36%, and the soil passivator has a good cadmium resistance control effect.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, cheap and easily available raw materials and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is provided with reference to examples. The silicon fertilizer used in the following examples of the present invention is a calcium silicon fertilizer provided by Qian phosphorus chemical fertilizer factory in Fuquan City, SiO2More than 30 wt%, CaO more than 35 wt%; the used Jinbaobei matrix nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent is provided by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan science and technology limited.
Example 1
(1) Collecting raw materials: collecting landscaping waste, and sorting branches with the diameter of more than 4cm for later use (hereinafter referred to as a first raw material); meanwhile, the garden greening wastes such as branches, leaves, flowers and ranches, grass scraps, fallen leaves and the like with the diameter of less than 4cm are sorted out and collected together, the sundries such as iron wires, stones, plastics, ropes, batteries and the like in the garden greening wastes are removed, and the sorted materials are reserved (hereinafter referred to as second raw materials).
(2) Preparing biological carbon: and (3) placing the first raw material in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 500 ℃ under the condition of air isolation, incinerating for 7h, and cooling to obtain the biochar.
(3) Preparing a soil conditioner: processing the second raw material into fine particles with the diameter of less than 0.5cm by adopting a straw pulverizer to obtain a pulverized material; 1000kg of the crushed material is watered thoroughly, the humidity is kept at 65%, and the mixture is piled for 24 hours for standby (recorded as a third raw material).
1kg of the golden baby matrix nutrient soil fermentation aid and 5kg of rice bran are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a golden baby leavening agent mixture.
And uniformly scattering the obtained mixture of the golden baby starter and 1kg of urea in a third raw material in a layering manner: scattering a layer of the golden baby starter mixture and urea on every 20cm thick third raw material, and turning while scattering; after all the components are uniformly mixed, the mixture is piled up into a trapezoidal prismoid with the length of 3m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1.5m, and the volume of the trapezoidal prismoid reaches at least 12m2The green grass and the plastic cloth are covered on the culture medium, and the compost fermentation is carried out in a light-proof and rain-proof shed. Measuring the temperature of the middle part (0.8m) of the stack body by using an inserted digital display thermometer, and turning the stack body in time when the temperature of the stack body reaches 55-60 ℃; when the temperature of the pile body reaches 70 ℃, after a plurality of days of continuous high temperature, the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced, about 15 days, the fermented materials are thoroughly decomposed, and the fermentation is finished. After fermentation is completed, the material turns brown or black brown, and the pile body collapses 1/3-1/2.
And obviously performing secondary fermentation on the non-decomposed materials: regularly turning piles by adopting auxiliary ventilation, manpower, a forklift or a pile turning machine and the like; turning the pile for 3 times when the temperature of the pile reaches about 65 ℃; adding water to the pile every time according to the condition, adding no water to the pile for the third time, stabilizing the temperature at about 30 ℃ in about 15 days, and finishing fermentation to prepare the decomposed fermentation material.
And (4) sieving the decomposed and fermented material to obtain the soil conditioner.
(4) Preparing a passivating agent: the soil conditioner, the biological carbon and the silicon fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 85: 15: 15, uniformly mixing and stirring, and drying to obtain the soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation.
Example 2
The soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation is prepared by the preparation method provided in example 1, and the differences are as follows: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 90: 10: 10.
example 3
The soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation is prepared by the preparation method provided in example 1, and the differences are as follows: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 80: 20: 20.
comparative example 1
The soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation is prepared by the preparation method provided in example 1, and the differences are as follows: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 95: 5: 10.
comparative example 2
The soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation is prepared by the preparation method provided in example 1, and the differences are as follows: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the biological carbon to the silicon fertilizer is 70: 30: 10.
comparative example 3
The soil conditioner prepared in example 1 was used as a soil passivator with only one component.
Example 4
In paddy fields of Shunying vegetable and fruit professional cooperatives in three villages and towns in Zhongshan City, field experiments were carried out according to the application rate of the soil passivator of 80 kg/mu, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 data of heavy metal pollution remediation effect of soil passivators provided in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Note: different letters in the same column indicate a significant difference from the control at the 0.05 level, repeated three times.
As can be seen from Table 1, the initial cadmium concentration of the soil of the land is 0.44mg/kg, and after the soil passivator provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention is applied, the cadmium concentration of the soil of the land is reduced to 0.28mg/kg, the reduction rate is 36.3%, and the soil passivator has a better cadmium control effect; the cadmium concentrations of the soil in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 are respectively reduced to 0.31mg/kg and 0.29mg/kg, the difference between the cadmium concentrations and the embodiment 1 is not obvious, and the cadmium-containing soil remediation effect on heavy metal pollution is also good; and the soil cadmium concentrations of the comparative examples 1 and 2 are 0.42mg/kg and 0.41mg/kg respectively, which are not obviously different from the control, so the soil cadmium remediation effect is general. Therefore, the soil passivator provided by the invention adopts specific content components, realizes better interaction, and can be used for heavy metal pollution remediation of field soil. In addition, as can be seen from the comparative example 3, after the soil conditioner obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention is independently applied, the content of Cd in the soil in the effective state is 0.39mg/kg, the concentration of Cd is reduced to 0.05mg/kg, and the reduction rate is 11%; although the concentration of cadmium is reduced, the difference with the control is not obvious, and the cadmium control effect is common.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A soil passivator for heavy metal pollution remediation comprises the following components:
80-90 parts of soil conditioner;
10-20 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer;
the soil conditioner is prepared by crushing landscaping wastes with the diameter of less than 4cm, and then decomposing and fermenting;
the biochar is formed by burning landscaping waste with the diameter larger than 4 cm.
2. The soil passivating agent of claim 1, wherein the silicon fertilizer comprises a calcium silicon fertilizer and/or a potassium silicon fertilizer;
SiO in the silicon fertilizer2The content of (A) is 30-65%.
3. The soil passivating agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of decomposing fermentation is carried out in the presence of a microbial fermentation agent;
the microbial fermentation inoculum is a mixture of Jinbaobei leavening agents.
4. The soil passivating agent of claim 3, wherein the kimbae starter mixture comprises the following components:
0.9 to 1.1 weight portions of Jinbaobei substrate nutrient soil fermentation auxiliary agent;
5-10 parts of auxiliary materials;
the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of rice bran, bran and corn flour.
5. A method of preparing a soil passivating agent as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, including the steps of:
a) sorting landscaping waste into a first raw material with the diameter larger than 4cm and a second raw material with the diameter below 4 cm;
b) incinerating the first raw material obtained in the step a) to obtain biochar;
c) crushing the second raw material obtained in the step a), and then carrying out decomposing fermentation to obtain a soil conditioner;
d) mixing the biochar obtained in the step b), the soil conditioner obtained in the step c) and a silicon fertilizer to obtain a soil passivator for repairing heavy metal pollution;
there is no sequential limitation to step b) and step c).
6. The method for preparing according to claim 5, wherein the sorting process in step a) further comprises:
removing impurities in landscaping waste with the diameter of less than 4cm to obtain a second raw material.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the incineration in the step b) is carried out at a temperature of 300 ℃ to 800 ℃ for 3h to 12 h.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the process of the decomposing fermentation in step c) is specifically:
c1) watering and thoroughly watering the crushed second raw material, keeping the humidity at 60% -70%, and tightly piling for 22-26 h to obtain a material to be fermented; then, uniformly spreading the mixture of the golden baby starter and urea in layers in the material to be fermented, piling up the mixture into a trapezoidal prismoid after all the mixture is uniformly mixed, covering green grass and plastic cloth, and carrying out composting fermentation in a light-proof and rain-proof shed; in the composting fermentation process, a thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the middle part of the pile body, and when the temperature of the pile body reaches 55-60 ℃, the pile is turned; when the temperature of the pile body reaches 68-72 ℃, the temperature of the pile body is gradually reduced after the pile body is continuously heated, and fermentation is finished after 14-16 days to obtain decomposed fermentation materials;
c2) performing secondary fermentation on the obviously non-decomposed materials; in the secondary fermentation process, when the temperature of a stack body reaches 64-66 ℃, the stack is turned, and the temperature is stabilized at 25-35 ℃ for 14-16 days, so that the decomposed fermentation material is obtained after the fermentation is finished.
c3) And c1) and c2) to obtain a soil conditioner.
9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture of the golden baby starter, the urea and the material to be fermented in the step c1) is (5.9-11.1): 1: (500-2000).
10. The application of the soil passivator of any one of claims 1-4 in soil heavy metal pollution remediation.
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