CN111470921A - Comprehensive utilization method of grass straws - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization method of grass straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470921A CN111470921A CN202010270295.XA CN202010270295A CN111470921A CN 111470921 A CN111470921 A CN 111470921A CN 202010270295 A CN202010270295 A CN 202010270295A CN 111470921 A CN111470921 A CN 111470921A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws, which comprises the following specific operation steps: crushing straws and performing juice separation treatment; drying the straw sea and carrying out carbonization and cracking; mixing and fermenting the raw materials; granulating the straws; mixing the granulated straws with a fermentation base fertilizer for fermentation; and (4) granulating and drying to obtain the straw carbon-based fertilizer. The raw materials of the invention mainly comprise straws, products in the straw processing process, biological manure fermentation products and a small amount of microorganism bacteria, the straw utilization rate is high, the production cost can be effectively reduced, the straw utilization rate is higher, the comprehensive contact between the fermentation base fertilizer and particles made of wheat straws is ensured, the combination effect is better, the separation is not easy, the internal components of the semi-finished base fertilizer are more uniformly distributed, the surface and internal air permeability of the straw carbon base fertilizer treated by double granulation is better, the contact area with soil is wide, the fertilizer efficiency is more easily applied to the soil, and the effect on crops is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of straws, in particular to a comprehensive utilization method of grass straws.
Background
Grasses are plants of the family gramineae. Such as rice, wheat, etc., are typical grasses. The poaceae family contains many important food crops, and almost all of the food crops except buckwheat are gramineae, such as wheat, rice, corn, barley, sorghum, and the like. In summer and autumn and winter every year, a large amount of straws of wheat, corn and the like are incinerated in the field, a large amount of dense smoke is generated, and the straw incineration method not only becomes a bottleneck problem of rural environment protection, but also even becomes a chief culprit of compromising urban environment. The comprehensive utilization of the crop straw resources has great significance for promoting the income increase of farmers, protecting the environment, saving the resources and developing the sustainable agriculture economy. Wherein the method for preparing the straw carbon-based fertilizer by using the straws is a more advanced mode.
However, the existing production method of the straw carbon-based fertilizer has high production cost, the granulation mode of the carbon-based fertilizer is the same as that of a chemical fertilizer, the air permeability of particles is poor, and the contact area with soil is small, so that the fertilizer efficiency is not fully exerted.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws, and the problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to reduce the production cost of the carbon-based fertilizer, improve the air permeability of the carbon-based fertilizer and increase the contact area with soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing straws, feeding the crushed straws into a juice-residue separation device for juice extraction, and storing the juice in a tank, wherein the size of the straws can be subjected to standard treatment, so that the straws can be conveniently subjected to subsequent treatment, and the separated juice is reserved for later use;
step two: after the straws in the step one are dried, the straws are sent into a continuous carbonization furnace for high-temperature oxygen-limited carbonization and cracking to obtain straw carbon powder serving as a main raw material of a straw carbon-based fertilizer;
step three: putting the straw carbon powder in the step two into organic fertilizer liquid, then adding the juice in the step one into the organic fertilizer liquid, adding the compound EM microbial inoculum into the organic fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing and stirring, and fermenting at normal temperature for 5-7 days to obtain a fermentation base fertilizer, wherein the fermentation base fertilizer contains the characteristics of the organic fertilizer liquid, the straw carbon powder, the straw juice and the compound EM microbial inoculum, so that the characteristics in the fermentation base fertilizer can be ensured, the fertilizer effect is more durable, the fertility is stronger, the content of trace elements is more comprehensive, the soil can be improved, and the production capacity of the soil can be improved;
step four: the crushed straws with separated juice are sent into a granulating device for granulating and forming to prepare spherical straw particles, and the spherical straw particles are dried, and the straw granules are used as carriers of fertilizers, so that the straw utilization rate is higher;
step five: adding the dried spherical straw particles into the fermentation base fertilizer in the third step, uniformly stirring and mixing, and fermenting at normal temperature for 1-2 days to obtain a semi-finished base fertilizer, so that the fermentation base fertilizer is ensured to be in full contact with particles made of straws, the combination effect is better, the separation is not easy, and the internal components of the semi-finished base fertilizer are more uniformly distributed;
step six: and (4) feeding the semi-finished base fertilizer obtained in the step five into an extrusion molding device for extrusion granulation, and then drying the granules by using a drying box to obtain the straw carbon base fertilizer.
Preferably, the straws in the first step include wheat straws, rice straws and corn straws, the straws in the fourth step are the wheat straws, the straws in the first step are mainly used for making carbon powder, various plant straws are used, trace elements in the carbon powder are more comprehensive, the effect of the prepared fertilizer is better, the straws in the second step are mainly used for granulating and supporting the fertilizer, a frame is provided, the air permeability and the hollow shape of the wheat straws are utilized, the air permeability of the fertilizer can be enhanced, and the fertilizer effect diffusion is more comprehensive.
Preferably, after the straws are crushed in the first step, filtering and screening are needed, juice separation is carried out on the crushed qualified straws, the crushed unqualified straws are continuously crushed, the sizes of the straws entering the juice separation are ensured to be similar, and the drying and carbonization cracking operation is facilitated.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled in a sectional mode, the temperature range is controlled between 240 ℃ and 560 ℃, wherein the inlet temperature is between 150 ℃ and 240 ℃, the initial stage temperature is between 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, the middle stage temperature is between 230 ℃ and 420 ℃, and the final stage temperature is between 390 ℃ and 560 ℃, the carbonization furnace is cooled and screened to prepare the straw carbon powder with 200 meshes, and the sectional control is realized, so that the carbonization and cracking of the straws are more comprehensive, and the effect is better.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the straw carbon powder to the organic fertilizer solution is 1: 0.8-1.5, the weight ratio of the juice to the straw carbon powder is 1: 1, the weight ratio of the compound EM microbial inoculum to the straw carbon powder is 1: 300-500, and the proportion of various raw materials in the fertilizer is determined to ensure the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer.
Preferably, the compound EM microbial inoculum in the third step is a microbial flora containing photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora and gram flora and beneficial to soil and crops, can effectively enhance the beneficial treatment of fertilizers on the soil and the crops, can improve the soil and improve the production capacity of the soil.
Preferably, the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is larger than that of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step, and the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is smaller than that of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step, so that the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles are ensured to contain the spherical straw particles, that is, the air permeability of the fertilizer is ensured, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer liquid in the third step is a liquid component obtained after solid-liquid separation after fermentation of the biological excrement, so that the biological excrement can be reused, the environmental pollution is avoided, and wastes are utilized to achieve multiple purposes.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the raw materials mainly comprise straws, products in the straw processing process, biological manure fermentation products and a small amount of microorganism bacteria, the wheat straws after the crushed juice is separated are granulated and dried, and the wheat straw granules are used as carriers of the fertilizer, so that the straw utilization rate is higher, the straw utilization rate is high, and the production cost can be effectively reduced;
2. the grains made of the wheat straws are put into the fermentation base fertilizer for fermentation, so that the fermentation base fertilizer is ensured to be in full contact with the grains made of the wheat straws, the combination effect is better, the grains are not easy to separate, and the internal components of the semi-finished base fertilizer are distributed more uniformly;
3. the method uses two times of granulation treatment, the objects of the two times of granulation treatment are different, the wheat straws are granulated for the first time, the semi-finished base fertilizer is granulated for the second time to form a finished product, the raw materials for the second time of granulation comprise the product granulated for the first time, the straw carbon base fertilizer after the double granulation treatment has good surface and internal air permeability, wide contact area with the soil, easier application of fertilizer efficiency to the soil and better effect on crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing straws, feeding the crushed straws into a juice-residue separation device for juice extraction, and storing the juice in a tank, wherein the size of the straws can be subjected to standard treatment, so that the straws can be conveniently subjected to subsequent treatment, and the separated juice is reserved for later use;
step two: after the straws in the step one are dried, the straws are sent into a continuous carbonization furnace for high-temperature oxygen-limited carbonization and cracking to obtain straw carbon powder serving as a main raw material of a straw carbon-based fertilizer;
step three: putting the straw carbon powder in the step two into organic fertilizer liquid, then adding the juice in the step one into the organic fertilizer liquid, adding the compound EM microbial inoculum into the organic fertilizer liquid, uniformly mixing and stirring, and fermenting at normal temperature for 5-7 days to obtain a fermentation base fertilizer, wherein the fermentation base fertilizer contains the characteristics of the organic fertilizer liquid, the straw carbon powder, the straw juice and the compound EM microbial inoculum, so that the characteristics in the fermentation base fertilizer can be ensured, the fertilizer effect is more durable, the fertility is stronger, the content of trace elements is more comprehensive, the soil can be improved, and the production capacity of the soil can be improved;
step four: the crushed straws with separated juice are sent into a granulating device for granulating and forming to prepare spherical straw particles, and the spherical straw particles are dried, and the wheat straw granules are used as carriers of the fertilizer, so that the straw utilization rate is higher;
step five: adding the dried spherical straw particles into the fermentation base fertilizer in the third step, uniformly stirring and mixing, and fermenting at normal temperature for 1-2 days to obtain a semi-finished base fertilizer, so that the fermentation base fertilizer is ensured to be in full contact with particles made of wheat straws, the combination effect is better, the separation is not easy, and the internal components of the semi-finished base fertilizer are more uniformly distributed;
step six: and (4) feeding the semi-finished product base fertilizer obtained in the step five into an extrusion forming device for extrusion granulation, and then drying the granules by using a drying box to obtain the straw carbon base fertilizer.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the straws in the first step include wheat straws, rice straws and corn straws, the straws in the fourth step are wheat straws, the straws in the first step are mainly used for making carbon powder, various plant straws are used, trace elements in the carbon powder are more comprehensive, the effect of the prepared fertilizer is better, the straws in the second step are mainly used for granulating and supporting the fertilizer, a frame is provided, and the air permeability and the hollow shape of the wheat straws are utilized, so that the air permeability of the fertilizer can be enhanced, and the fertilizer efficiency diffusion is more comprehensive.
Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, after the straws are crushed in the step one, filtering and screening are required, juice separation is performed on the crushed qualified straws, the crushed unqualified straws are continuously crushed, the sizes of the straws entering the juice separation are ensured to be similar, and the drying and carbonization cracking operation is facilitated.
Further, in the above technical scheme, in the second step, the temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled in a sectional mode, the temperature range is controlled between 240 ℃ and 560 ℃, wherein the inlet temperature is between 150 ℃ and 240 ℃, the initial stage temperature is between 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, the middle stage temperature is between 230 ℃ and 420 ℃, and the final stage temperature is between 390 ℃ and 560 ℃, the straw carbon powder with 200 meshes is prepared by cooling and screening, and the sectional control is realized, so that the straw carbonization and cracking are more comprehensive, and the effect is better.
Further, in the technical scheme, the weight ratio of the straw carbon powder to the organic fertilizer solution is 1: 0.8-1.5, the weight ratio of the juice to the straw carbon powder is 1: 1, the weight ratio of the compound EM microbial inoculum to the straw carbon powder is 1: 300-500, the proportion of various raw materials in the fertilizer is determined, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is ensured.
Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, the compound EM microbial inoculum in step three is a microbial flora containing photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora and gram flora beneficial to soil and crops, and can effectively enhance beneficial treatment of fertilizer to soil and crops, improve soil and improve soil productivity.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is greater than the radius of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step, and the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is smaller than the diameter of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step, so that the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles are ensured to contain the spherical straw particles, that is, the air permeability of the fertilizer is ensured, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the organic fertilizer liquid in the third step is a liquid component obtained after the fermentation of the biological excrement and the solid-liquid separation, so that the biological excrement can be reused, the environmental pollution is avoided, the waste is utilized, and multiple purposes are achieved.
The implementation mode is specifically as follows: when in use, the mixed straws are crushed in the first step, the crushed straws are subjected to juice separation, the separated juice is stored, the size of the straws can be subjected to standard treatment, the straws are convenient to be subjected to subsequent treatment, the separated juice is reserved for later use, the straws subjected to juice separation in the second step are dried and then subjected to carbonization and cracking treatment to obtain straw carbon powder serving as a main raw material of the straw carbon-based fertilizer, the straw carbon powder, the straw juice and the compound EM microbial inoculum are mixed with the organic fertilizer liquid in the third step, the mixture is uniformly stirred and then subjected to fermentation treatment to obtain the fermentation base fertilizer, the fermentation base fertilizer contains the characteristics of the organic fertilizer liquid, the straw carbon powder, the straw juice and the compound EM microbial inoculum, the characteristics in the fermentation base fertilizer can be ensured, the fertilizer effect is more durable, the fertility is stronger, the trace element content is more comprehensive, the soil can be improved, and the production capacity of the soil is improved, granulating and drying the wheat straws after the separation of the crushed juice, using the wheat straw granules as carriers of the fertilizer, wherein the straw utilization rate is higher, putting the granules made of the wheat straws into a fermentation base fertilizer for fermentation in the fifth step, ensuring that the fermentation base fertilizer is in full contact with the granules made of the wheat straws, the combination effect is better, the granules are not easy to separate, the internal components of the semi-finished base fertilizer are more uniformly distributed, granulating and drying the semi-finished base fertilizer in the sixth step, and obtaining the finished product of the straw carbon base fertilizer, wherein the method uses two granulation treatments, the objects of the two granulation treatments are different, the wheat straws are granulated for the first time, the semi-finished base fertilizer is granulated for the second time to form a finished product, the raw materials granulated for the second time comprise the products granulated for the first time, the straw carbon base fertilizer after the double granulation treatments has good surface and internal air permeability, and wide contact area with soil, the fertilizer effect is easier to apply to soil, the effect on crops is better, the raw materials mainly comprise straws, products in the straw processing process, biological manure fermentation products and a small amount of microbial bacteria, the utilization rate of the straws is high, and the production cost can be effectively reduced; the embodiment specifically solves the problems that the production method of the existing straw carbon-based fertilizer in the background art is high in production cost, the granulation mode of the carbon-based fertilizer is the same as that of a chemical fertilizer, the air permeability of particles is poor, and the contact area with soil is small, so that the fertilizer efficiency is not fully exerted.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the method can standardize the size of the straws, is convenient for subsequent treatment of the straws, reserves separated juice for standby, carries out carbonization and cracking treatment, obtains straw carbon powder as a main raw material of the straw carbon base fertilizer, mixes the raw materials, uniformly stirs the raw materials, and carries out fermentation treatment, thereby obtaining the fermentation base fertilizer, ensuring the characteristics of the fermentation base fertilizer, having more lasting fertilizer effect, stronger fertility and more comprehensive trace element content, improving soil, improving the production capacity of the soil, having higher utilization rate of the straws, ensuring the comprehensive contact between the fermentation base fertilizer and granules made of wheat straws, having better combination effect, being not easy to separate, having more uniform distribution of internal components of semi-finished base fertilizer, using two granulation treatments in the method, having good surface and internal air permeability, wide contact area with the soil and more easy application of the fertilizer effect to the soil after the double granulation treatments, the effect on crops is better, the raw materials mainly comprise straws, products in the straw processing process, biological manure fermentation products and a small amount of microbial bacteria, the utilization rate of the straws is high, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing straws, feeding the crushed straws into a juice-residue separation device for juice extraction, and storing the juice in a tank;
step two: after the straws in the step one are dried, the straws are sent into a continuous carbonization furnace for high-temperature oxygen-limited carbonization and cracking to obtain straw carbon powder;
step three: putting the straw carbon powder in the step two into organic fertilizer liquid, then adding the juice in the step one into the organic fertilizer liquid, adding the compound EM microbial inoculum into the organic fertilizer liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, and fermenting at normal temperature for 5-7 days to obtain a fermentation base fertilizer;
step four: feeding the crushed straws after juice separation into a granulating device for granulating and forming to prepare spherical straw particles, and drying;
step five: adding the dried spherical straw particles into the fermentation base fertilizer in the third step, uniformly stirring and mixing, and fermenting at normal temperature for 1-2 days to obtain a semi-finished base fertilizer;
step six: and (5) feeding the semi-finished base fertilizer obtained in the step five into an extrusion molding device for extrusion granulation, and then drying the granules by using a drying box to obtain the straw carbon base fertilizer.
2. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straws in the first step comprise wheat straws, rice straws and corn straws, and the straws in the fourth step are the wheat straws.
3. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) after the straws are crushed in the step one, filtering and screening are needed, juice separation is carried out on the crushed qualified straws, and the crushed unqualified straws are continuously crushed.
4. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the second step, the temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled in a sectional mode, the temperature range is controlled between 240 ℃ and 560 ℃, wherein the inlet temperature is between 150 ℃ and 240 ℃, the initial stage temperature is between 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, the middle stage temperature is between 230 ℃ and 420 ℃, and the final stage temperature is between 390 ℃ and 560 ℃, and the straw carbon powder with the particle size of 200 meshes is prepared by cooling and sieving.
5. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the straw carbon powder to the organic fertilizer liquid is 1: 0.8-1.5, the weight ratio of the juice to the straw carbon powder is 1: 1, and the weight ratio of the compound EM microbial inoculum to the straw carbon powder is 1: 300-500.
6. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound EM microbial inoculum in the third step is a microbial flora which contains photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora and gram flora and is beneficial to soil and crops.
7. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is larger than that of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step, and the radius of the straw carbon-based fertilizer particles in the sixth step is smaller than the diameter of the spherical straw particles in the fourth step.
8. The method for comprehensively utilizing grass straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the organic fertilizer liquid in the third step is a liquid component obtained after solid-liquid separation is carried out after biological excrement fermentation.
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| CN202010270295.XA CN111470921A (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Comprehensive utilization method of grass straws |
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| CN112279699A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Melon crop straw returning and recycling technology |
| CN112358361A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-12 | 天津亚德尔生物质科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of straw carbon-based fertilizer |
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| CN107721640A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-23 | 芜湖继伟农业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the charcoal base microbe slow release fertilizer of EM bacterium fermented stalk |
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| CN112279699A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Melon crop straw returning and recycling technology |
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