CN113142014A - Alkaline river silt-based garden green planting soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alkaline river silt-based garden green planting soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses river sludge-based landscaping soil, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of alkaline river sludge, 2-10% of furfural residues, 10-30% of straw powder, 0.5-2% of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 5-8% of chitosan. According to the invention, furfural slag, straw powder, fermented and decomposed straw powder slag and chitosan are introduced into the alkaline river sludge, so that the modification of the river sludge and the synergistic digestion of agricultural solid wastes such as the furfural slag and the straw powder can be synchronously realized, heavy metal and salt ions in the sludge can be cured, the obtained greening planting soil meets the technical requirements of main control indexes of landscaping soil, and the related preparation method is simple, has low cost and has important economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of landscaping and comprehensive utilization of solid wastes, and particularly relates to alkaline river sludge-based garden green planting soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dredging of the river channel causes a large amount of sludge to be accumulated, occupies a large amount of land and easily causes environmental pollution. The dredging sludge treatment technology in China still mainly adopts landfill and compost, and with the development of ecological civilization construction, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of sludge are inevitable choices of sludge treatment technologies in the future. The resource preparation of the garden green planting soil by the sludge is an effective means for dissolving the accumulated sludge with large doping amount. In the comprehensive water environment treatment process, part of water body sludge has the characteristics of no heavy metal pollution, high nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements and organic matter content and the like, and can be directly used as high-quality landscaping soil for resource utilization after dehydration treatment. However, in some river channel dredging processes, in order to condition the dehydration performance of the sludge and reduce the water content of the dehydrated mud cakes, a large amount of quicklime is often added into the river channel sludge in a construction unit, and finally the pH value of the dehydrated mud cakes is alkaline and cannot be directly used as garden green planting soil. In addition, the river sludge generally has low organic matter content, so that the C/N is low, energy and nutrient substances required by the growth and the propagation of microorganisms are limited in the aerobic fermentation process, the fermentation temperature rises slowly, and the corrosion time is prolonged. In addition, after river sludge is subjected to reduction and dehydration, mud cakes are easy to form blocks and harden, effective dispersion is difficult, the void ratio is low, and the problems of unsmooth ventilation, insufficient oxygen supply and the like in the aerobic composting process can be caused. Therefore, the development of a production technology for preparing garden green planting soil by recycling alkaline low-organic-matter dewatered sludge is necessary for adapting to river water environment treatment.
In the existing preparation method of landscaping soil, for example, patent CN103787751A discloses a regenerated composite garden soil prepared from construction waste and industrial waste, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-75% of soil separated from construction waste, 10% of regenerated sand and stone, 10% of humus and 5-20% of burned coal cinder; soil components separated from the construction waste are unstable, humus and burned coal cinder have high acidity, plant roots can be corroded, plant growth is not facilitated, and the risk of heavy metal pollution exists; patent CN109328977A discloses a method for preparing landscaping soil by using municipal sludge, which comprises the steps of firstly adding rice chaff, strains and mushroom bran into the municipal sludge, uniformly mixing, carrying out ventilation fermentation for 5-7 days at 45-60 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, turning and stirring the fermentation product, controlling the water content to be 50-60%, obtaining a semi-finished product after 5-7 days, adding mineral materials, starch, composite strains, mushroom bran, biochar and a soil conditioner into the semi-finished product, uniformly stirring, carrying out ventilation fermentation for 5-7 days at 45-60 ℃, controlling the water content to be 25-35%, and obtaining the landscaping soil. But the added raw materials are complex in components and are easily limited by market and regional raw materials, the control indexes are complex and difficult to accurately realize, and the sludge treatment process is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems that the deep drying cost of sludge is high, the pH of dehydrated sludge is high, the sludge can not meet the index requirements of landscaping soil when the sludge is directly used as landscaping soil and the like in a sludge resource utilization manner, and provides alkaline river sludge-based landscaping soil which can be used for cooperatively treating a large amount of river sludge and furfural residues and simultaneously solidifying heavy metal and salt ions in the sludge, wherein the obtained landscaping soil meets the technical requirements of the main control indexes of the landscaping soil, and the related preparation method is simple, has low cost and has important economic and environmental benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a river sludge-based landscaping soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of alkaline river sludge, 2-10% of furfural residues, 10-30% of straw powder, 0.5-2% of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 5-8% of chitosan.
In the scheme, the pH value of the alkaline river sludge is 10-13, the water content is 20-40%, and the C/N ratio is 5-10.
In the scheme, the alkaline river sludge is subjected to dredging and landing, the inorganic flocculant and lime are added for conditioning, the water content is removed to 35-40% through a plate-and-frame dehydrator, and the alkaline river sludge is spread and dried in the open air for 2-5 days, so that the water content of the sludge is reduced to 20-40%.
In the scheme, the original water content of the river sludge is 35-50%, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, and the fineness is less than 5 mm.
In the above scheme, the inorganic flocculant is polyacrylamide.
In the scheme, the use amounts of the inorganic flocculant and the lime are respectively 0.35-0.5% and 2-4.5% of the dredging quality of the river sludge.
In the scheme, the fineness of the furfural residues is less than 0.3mm, wherein the furfural residues are waste generated by hydrolysis in the processing process of crops such as corn stalks, rice husks and the like.
In the scheme, the straw powder is biomass obtained by crushing crop straws, and the fineness of the biomass is 0.1-1 cm.
In the scheme, the fermented and decomposed straw powder residue is a material which is obtained by adopting a microbial inoculum composting technology and has the function of inoculating microbial strains, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the straws in a crusher until the particle size is 0.1-1 cm, adding Bacillus siamensis or Bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.5-2% of the weight of the straw powder, and fermenting for 20-40 days at the temperature of 45-60 ℃ to obtain the fermented and decomposed straw powder slag.
In the scheme, the chitosan is carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan or hydroxypropyl chitosan.
The preparation method of the river sludge-based landscaping soil comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the components in proportion, wherein the components in percentage by mass are as follows: 60-85% of alkaline river sludge, 2-10% of furfural residues, 10-30% of straw powder, 0.5-2% of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 5-8% of chitosan; the dosage of the furfural residue and the straw powder is further adjusted according to the dosage of the sludge in the alkaline river and the C/N ratio of the sludge until the C/N value of a mixed material obtained by the furfural residue, the straw powder and the sludge is 25-35;
2) uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed alkaline river sludge, furfural slag and straw powder, and then adding chitosan and thoroughly decomposed straw powder into the mixture; stirring uniformly, and performing composting fermentation under a natural condition with good ventilation; and obtaining the river sludge base landscaping soil.
In the scheme, the compost fermentation time is 8-15 days; preferably, the compost is turned over once in 4 days during the fermentation process.
Preferably, the stirring step adopts a planetary disk type stirrer, so that the breaking and dispersing of the river sludge can be promoted, the pore structure and granularity of the river sludge are improved, and a space basis is provided for subsequent aerobic composting.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
according to the invention, furfural slag, straw powder, fermented and decomposed straw powder slag and chitosan are introduced into the alkaline river sludge, so that the modification of the river sludge and the synergistic consumption of the furfural slag, the straw powder and other agricultural solid wastes can be synchronously realized: the pH value of the sludge of the alkaline river can be effectively adjusted by introducing furfural and organic acid generated by decomposing organic matters in the aerobic composting process, and humus generated by fermentation stably complexes with furfural residues and salt ions in the sludge; the heavy metal and the salt ion in the river course silt can be solidified in step to chitosan, reduce heavy metal pollution risk and be favorable to promoting soil fertility, can further promote to form the better soil granule of dispersibility in this curing process, and under the skeleton supporting effect of furfural sediment and straw powder, effectively improve the porosity of soil sample simultaneously, increase the oxygen area that touches of composting in-process soil sample, improve the permeability of silt, improve the compost effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the raw materials are simple and easy to purchase, and the cost is low; a large amount of alkaline river sludge and furfural residues can be cooperatively treated, so that the solid waste landfill and outward transportation treatment amount is reduced, and the river sludge treatment cost is greatly reduced;
2) according to the invention, the pH value of the soil sample is adjusted by utilizing the bio-based furfural residues and the fermented and decomposed straw powder residues, and other pH value regulators do not need to be additionally introduced, so that the soil treatment cost is obviously reduced, and the planting effect of the obtained landscaping soil is favorably ensured;
3) the furfural slag and the straw powder have a skeleton supporting effect, and are wrapped on the surface of the bottom mud particles under the 3D stirring effect of the planetary disk type stirrer, so that the bottom mud particles are prevented from being agglomerated, and the porosity and porosity of the soil are increased; the introduced chitosan can further promote the solidification and dispersion of soil particles while solidifying heavy metals and salt ions, further improve the porosity of the obtained planting soil and facilitate the growth of vegetation;
4) the river silt-based landscaping soil is prepared by stirring through a one-pot method, and the related process is simple, convenient to operate and suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow of the river sludge-based landscaping soil of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the following examples, the water content of the sludge in the dredging channel is 40%, the pH value is 7.2, and the fineness is less than 5 mm; adding an inorganic flocculant and lime into the dredging river sludge, wherein the use amounts of the inorganic flocculant and the lime are respectively 0.45% and 4% of the dredging quality of the river sludge; obtaining the alkaline river sludge, wherein the pH value of the alkaline river sludge is 10.3, and the water content of the alkaline river sludge is 30%; the C/N ratio was 7.
In the following examples, the fineness of the furfural residue used was less than 0.3 mm; the fineness of the straw powder is not more than 2 cm.
In the following embodiments, the adopted fermented and decomposed straw powder residue is a material obtained by adopting a microbial inoculum composting technology and having the function of inoculating microbial strains, and the specific preparation steps comprise the following steps: crushing the straws in a crusher until the particle size is 0.1-1 cm, adding Siamese bacillus or bacillus subtilis accounting for 1.5% of the straw powder in mass, and fermenting for 30 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the fermented and decomposed straw powder slag.
In the following examples, the chitosan used was carboxymethyl chitosan.
Example 1
An alkaline river sludge-based landscaping soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials and the dosage are as follows: 800kg of alkaline river sludge, 20kg of furfural residues, 115kg of straw powder, 5kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 60kg of chitosan;
2) placing the weighed alkaline river sludge into a planetary disc type stirrer, adding furfural residues, stirring and mixing for 30s, then adding straw powder, adjusting the C/N ratio of the obtained mixed material to 25.6, and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) adding chitosan and decomposed straw powder into the mixed material obtained in the step 2); stirring and mixing for 30s, placing the mixture in a well-ventilated outdoor environment with the temperature of 15-30 ℃, performing compost fermentation for 10 days, turning the pile once in 4 days, collecting samples, detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Example 2
An alkaline river sludge-based landscaping soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials and the dosage are as follows: 700kg of alkaline river sludge, 40kg of furfural residues, 200kg of straw powder, 10kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 50kg of chitosan;
2) placing the weighed alkaline river sludge into a planetary disc type stirrer, adding furfural residues, stirring and mixing for 30s, then adding straw powder, adjusting the C/N ratio of the obtained mixed material to 26.4, and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) adding chitosan and decomposed straw powder into the mixed material obtained in the step 2); and stirring and mixing for 30s, then placing the mixture under a natural condition with good ventilation (the temperature is 15-30 ℃) for composting and fermenting for 10 days, turning the pile once in 4 days, collecting a sample for detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Example 3
An alkaline river sludge-based landscaping soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials and the dosage are as follows: 650kg of alkaline river sludge, 60kg of furfural residues, 190kg of straw powder, 20kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 80kg of chitosan;
2) placing the weighed alkaline river sludge into a planetary disc type stirrer, adding furfural residues, stirring and mixing for 30s, then adding straw powder, adjusting the C/N ratio of the obtained mixed material to 26.1, and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) adding chitosan and decomposed straw powder into the mixed material obtained in the step 2); and stirring and mixing for 30s, then placing the mixture under a natural condition with good ventilation (the temperature is 15-30 ℃) for composting and fermenting for 10 days, turning the pile once in 4 days, collecting a sample for detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Example 4
An alkaline river sludge-based landscaping soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials and the dosage are as follows: 640kg of alkaline river sludge, 50kg of furfural residues, 250kg of straw powder, 10kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 50kg of chitosan;
2) placing the weighed alkaline river sludge into a planetary disc type stirrer, adding furfural residues, stirring and mixing for 30s, then adding straw powder, adjusting the C/N ratio of the obtained mixed material to 25.3, and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) adding chitosan and decomposed straw powder into the mixed material obtained in the step 2); and stirring and mixing for 30s, then placing the mixture under a natural condition with good ventilation (the temperature is 15-30 ℃) for composting and fermenting for 10 days, turning the pile once in 4 days, collecting a sample for detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Comparative example 1
An alkaline river sludge-based garden planting soil is prepared by the following steps:
1) 990kg of alkaline river sludge is weighed and placed in a stirrer, and the mixture is fully stirred for 30 s;
2) adding 10kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues into the material obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) and (3) placing the materials obtained in the step 2) under a natural condition with good ventilation (the temperature is 15-30 ℃) for composting and fermenting for 10 days, turning the piles once in 4 days, collecting samples for detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Comparative example 2
An alkaline river sludge-based garden planting soil is prepared by the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials and the dosage are as follows: 640kg of alkaline river sludge, 50kg of furfural residues, 250kg of straw powder and 10kg of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues;
2) placing the weighed alkaline river sludge into a planetary disc type stirrer, adding furfural residues, stirring and mixing for 30s, then adding straw powder, adjusting the C/N ratio of the obtained mixed material to 25.1, and stirring and mixing for 30 s;
3) adding the decomposed straw powder into the mixed material obtained in the step 2); and stirring and mixing for 30s, then placing the mixture under a natural condition with good ventilation (the temperature is 15-30 ℃) for composting and fermenting for 10 days, turning the pile once in 4 days, collecting a sample for detecting the temperature, the pH value and the conductivity, and obtaining the river sludge-based landscaping soil after composting.
Carrying out a Chinese cabbage seed germination test on the river sludge-based landscaping soil obtained in the examples 1-4 and the comparative example respectively; by referring to the technical index requirements and the test methods of the specified limit values of the heavy metals in the soil in the green planting soil CJ/T340-2016, the sludge-based landscaping soil obtained in the examples 1-4 and the comparative example is subjected to various performance tests such as salt content, pH value, seed germination rate, heavy metals and the like, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results of landscaping soils obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2
The above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Other variants and modifications of the invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art and can be made on the basis of the above description, are not necessary or exhaustive for all embodiments, and are therefore within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The river sludge-based landscaping soil is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of alkaline river sludge, 2-10% of furfural residues, 10-30% of straw powder, 0.5-2% of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 5-8% of chitosan.
2. The river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline river sludge has a pH of 10-13, a water content of 20-40%, and a C/N ratio of 5-10.
3. The river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the furfural residue is less than 0.3 mm.
4. The river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the straw powder is 0.1-1 cm.
5. The river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermented and decomposed straw powder residue comprises the following steps: crushing the straws in a crusher until the particle size is 0.1-1 cm, adding Bacillus siamensis or Bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.5-2% of the weight of the straw powder, and fermenting for 20-40 days at the temperature of 45-60 ℃ to obtain the fermented and decomposed straw powder slag.
6. The river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chitosan is carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan or hydroxypropyl chitosan.
7. The preparation method of the river sludge-based landscaping soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing the components in proportion, wherein the components in percentage by mass are as follows: 60-85% of alkaline river sludge, 2-10% of furfural residues, 10-30% of straw powder, 0.5-2% of fermented and decomposed straw powder residues and 5-8% of chitosan; the dosage of the furfural residue and the straw powder is further adjusted according to the dosage of the sludge in the alkaline river and the C/N ratio of the sludge until the C/N value of a mixed material obtained by the furfural residue, the straw powder and the sludge is 25-35;
2) uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed alkaline river sludge, furfural slag and straw powder, and then adding chitosan and thoroughly decomposed straw powder into the mixture; uniformly stirring, and placing in a well-ventilated outdoor environment at the temperature of 15-30 ℃ for composting fermentation; and obtaining the river sludge base landscaping soil.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composting fermentation time is 8-15 days.
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