CN115010550A - Technical method for preparing efficient soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge - Google Patents
Technical method for preparing efficient soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001579 aluminosilicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000010911 Enzyme Precursors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062466 Enzyme Precursors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/04—Fertilisers containing potassium from minerals or volcanic rocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a technical method for preparing an efficient soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge, belonging to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization. The method mixes the dewatered sludge of the sewage treatment plant with the multi-metal components of iron and manganese and the potassium-containing aluminosilicate minerals according to a proportion, adds silicate bacteria into solid materials, fully mixes the materials uniformly, and then sends the materials to a cylindrical compost reaction bin for high-temperature fermentation treatment. The temperature of the main fermentation section is 45-60 ℃, the fermentation time is 12-16 days, the obtained part of the fermentation product is returned for adjusting the water content, and the rest part is continuously subjected to after-fermentation; the temperature of the post-fermentation section is 20-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-25 days. The obtained fermentation product has rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and organic matter content, and is suitable for being used as an efficient soil conditioner for landscaping and mining area restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a technical method for preparing an efficient soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge of a sewage treatment plant.
Background
With the rapid improvement of the urban sewage treatment capability in China, the requirements of treatment and resource utilization of excess sludge in sewage treatment plants are increasingly urgent. The residual sludge consists of various microbial micelles, and organic matters and inorganic matters adsorbed by the microbial micelles; in addition, the water content is high, the quantity of pathogenic microorganisms is large, and the like. The sludge is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and has potential value of land utilization; before the utilization, the raw materials are required to be composted to effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, eliminate odor and the like and prevent secondary pollution during subsequent utilization. In the conventional sludge composting treatment technology, the duration of a compost body under a high-temperature condition is short, the humification process is obviously limited, and the obtained compost product is difficult to reach the main index parameters of a high-quality organic fertilizer.
In the prior patent CN109776114A, bacillus benzene-feeding bacteria is added into sludge for aerobic fermentation, so that the biological effectiveness of heavy metals in sludge compost can be effectively reduced. Patent CN109928791A discloses a technical method for composting sludge and preparing organic fertilizer, which is to mix municipal sludge, mushroom dregs and wood blocks uniformly to form a heap, add compound microbial enzyme zymogen liquid, aerobically ferment for 3-4 weeks, and then prepare organic fertilizer through treatments such as aging, sterilization, dehydration and the like. Generally speaking, the nitrogen loss in the composting process is obvious, and the content of humus and available potassium in sludge compost products is not very high, so that the subsequent land utilization is not facilitated. The method takes the excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant as a main object to carry out composting treatment, and the multi-metal components of iron and manganese are added to improve the performance of the compost product, promote the humification process and reduce the loss of nitrogen; the potash feldspar mineral and the silicate bacteria are also added into the compost system, the potash feldspar mineral releases absorbable and utilizable ionic potassium under the action of microorganisms, the cation exchange capacity of soil during subsequent utilization of compost products is improved, and the developed technology has good economic, environmental and ecological benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technical method for preparing a high-efficiency soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge, which comprises the steps of adding dewatered sludge of a sewage treatment plant into a compost drying product of a main fermentation section, sequentially adding tailings or smelting slag containing iron-manganese polymetallic components and feldspar minerals containing potassium to prepare a mixed solid material, then adding filler auxiliary materials and silicate bacteria, uniformly mixing, and then sending into a cylindrical reactor for main fermentation and after-fermentation secondary treatment. The prepared compost product has rich organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, has good water retention and soil moisture conservation effects, is suitable for being used as an efficient soil conditioner for landscaping and mining area ecological restoration,
the implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
(1) blending the excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant to a set water content, and adding a ferro-manganese additive to prepare a mixture A;
(2) adding a potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral into the mixture A in the step (1) to prepare a mixture B;
(3) adding filler auxiliary materials and silicate bacteria into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and then performing fermentation treatment;
(4) and (3) returning part of the product obtained by fermentation to the step (1) for regulating the water content, continuing performing after-fermentation treatment on the rest part of the product, and screening and crushing the obtained final product to obtain the prepared efficient soil conditioner.
Preferably, the set water content in the step (1) is 63-68%; and (4) blending the dried product obtained by fermentation treatment in the step (3) until the set water content is obtained.
Preferably, the ferro-manganese additive is tailings or smelting slag containing ferro-manganese, wherein the content of iron in the tailings or the smelting slag is 4-8%, and the content of manganese in the tailings or the smelting slag is 6-22%; the addition amount of the ferro-manganese additive is that the mass ratio of the sludge material and the ferro-manganese additive after being prepared to the set water content is (40-80): 1.
further, the iron content in the tailings or the smelting slag is 6-8%, and the manganese content is 12-22%; the additive amount of the ferro-manganese additive is that the mass ratio of the sludge material and the ferro-manganese additive after being prepared to a set water content is (45-60): 1.
preferably, the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral in the step (2) is one or more of potassium feldspar, anorthite and biotite, and is pre-crushed to the particle size of 100-150 μm before being added.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral to the mixture A is (0.02-0.05): 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral to the mixture A is (0.03-0.04): 1.
preferably, the silicate bacteria in the step (3) are potassium silicate bacteria, and the adding amount is 0.03-0.12%.
Further, the adding amount of the silicate bacteria in the step (3) is 0.08-0.10% of the total mass of the mixture B. Small molecular organic acid is produced in the metabolic process of silicate bacteria, and H is produced by ionization + Attack the feldspar mineral to destroy its lattice structure and release potassium and other components such as calcium and silicon.
Preferably, the fermentation treatment in the step (3) is composting treatment in a cylindrical fermentation bin, the temperature of the main fermentation section is 45-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 12-16 days.
Furthermore, the temperature of the main fermentation section is 50-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 12-14 days.
Preferably, the filler auxiliary material in the step (3) is peanut shells or rice straws, and the addition amount is 4-10%.
Preferably, 8-12 mol/L citric acid is adopted during fermentation treatment to control the pH value of the pile body to be 7.2-8.5.
Furthermore, 10-12 mol/L citric acid is adopted in the fermentation process to regulate the pH value of the pile body to 7.2-8.0.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature of the post-fermentation treatment in the step (4) is 20-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-25 days.
Furthermore, the temperature of the post-fermentation section is 25-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-25 days.
The invention has the technical effects that:
(1) the efficient soil conditioner is prepared by using the excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant as a main component, so that the resource utilization of the sludge is effectively realized, and the developed technology has good economic, environmental and ecological benefits.
(2) Tailings or smelting slag containing iron and manganese multi-metal components are added into the mixed materials, so that the humification process of a compost body is remarkably promoted, the nitrogen loss of compost products is reduced, and the disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of crops can be enhanced; has good stabilizing and immobilizing effects on heavy metal when being used for ecological restoration in mining areas.
(3) When in composting, potassium-containing feldspar minerals and silicate bacteria are added, and potassium in the minerals is converted into the dissolved potassium which can be utilized biologically through the action of microorganisms, so that the nutrient content of the compost product is improved. After the sludge and the industrial tailings or waste residues are subjected to synergistic composting treatment, the obtained compost product can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, increase the soil air permeability and obviously enhance the water retention and soil moisture preservation capability of the soil.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation manner and the specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents.
Example 1
Mixing dewatered sludge (water content about 80%) of urban sewage plant with main fermentation dried sludge (water content about 45%) to prepare mixture A with water content 65%, pulverizing and sieving iron-manganese containing smelting slag (iron content 7.9% and manganese content 6.1%) to 120 μm, mixing with dewatered sludge according to the ratio of 1: 45 by mass; taking the mixture A as a reference, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.045, adding and crushing the mixture into potassium feldspar with the particle size of 120 mu m; then, according to the mass ratio of 0.09 percent of the mixture B, the bacillus mucilaginosus cultured and proliferated on the bran substrate is added, and peanut shell filler auxiliary materials with the weight ratio of 8 percent of the total materials are added. And (4) conveying the fully and uniformly mixed materials to a cylindrical compost reaction bin for fermentation treatment. The temperature of the main fermentation stage is kept at 48-53 ℃; monitoring the pH value of the pile, and controlling the pH value of the pile to be 7.6-8.0 by using 10mol/L citric acid. And after 15 days of fermentation treatment, the water content of the material is reduced to 47-50%, then part of the material is reserved for blending the water content with the dewatered sludge, the rest of the material is transferred to another bin type after-fermentation reactor, after-fermentation treatment is continued for 20 days at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, and the water content of the mixed material is reduced to 38-40%.
The compost product is crushed and sieved to prepare the high-efficiency soil conditioner with uniform particle size. The germination index of the obtained product is 0.74, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively reach 2.6%, 6.2% and 1.4%, the dissolved heavy metal is low to an undetectable level, and other physical and chemical indexes are lower than the pollutant limit value specified by the A-type sludge product in the agricultural sludge pollutant control standard GB 4284-2018.
Example 2
Mixing dewatered sludge of an urban sewage plant with main fermented dried sludge to prepare a mixture A with the water content of 68%, and mixing tailings containing iron and manganese (wherein the iron content is 5.8%, and the manganese content is 16.3%) with the dewatered sludge according to the weight ratio of 1: 80 by mass; taking the mixture A as a reference, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.05, adding potassium feldspar with the grain size of about 100 mu m; then, according to the mass ratio of 0.12 percent of the obtained mixture B, bacillus mucilaginosus cultured and proliferated on a bran substrate is added, and the rice straw filler auxiliary material with the weight ratio of 10 percent of the total material is added. And (4) conveying the fully and uniformly mixed materials to a cylindrical compost reaction bin for fermentation treatment. The temperature of the main fermentation stage is maintained at 50-58 ℃; monitoring the pH value of the pile, and controlling the pH value of the pile to be 7.2-7.6 by using 10mol/L citric acid. After fermentation treatment for 15 days, the water content of the material is reduced to 45-47%; and part of the materials are used for blending the water content with the dewatered sludge, the rest of the materials are transferred to another bin type after-fermentation reactor, after-fermentation treatment is continued for 18 days at the temperature of 27-30 ℃, and the water content of the mixed materials is reduced to 36-38%. The remaining process conditions were the same as in example 1.
The compost product is crushed and sieved to prepare the high-efficiency soil conditioner with uniform particle size. The germination index of the obtained product is 0.82, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively reach 2.3%, 6.6% and 1.8%, the dissolved heavy metal is low to an undetectable level, and other physical and chemical indexes are lower than the pollutant limit value specified by the A-type sludge product in the agricultural sludge pollutant control standard GB 4284-2018.
Example 3
Mixing dewatered sludge of an urban sewage plant with main fermentation dried sludge to prepare a mixture A with the water content of 66%, mixing tailings containing iron and manganese (the iron content is 5.2%, and the manganese content is 20.1%) with the dewatered sludge according to the weight ratio of 1: 40 by mass; taking the mixture A as a reference, and mixing according to the proportion of 1: 0.05, potassium feldspar with the grain size of about 100 mu m is added; then, according to the mass ratio of 0.06% of the obtained mixture B, adding bacillus mucilaginosus cultured and proliferated on a bran substrate, and adding a rice straw filler auxiliary material with the weight ratio of 10% of the total material. And (4) conveying the fully and uniformly mixed materials to a cylindrical compost reaction bin for fermentation treatment. The temperature of the main fermentation stage is maintained at 46-53 ℃; monitoring the pH value of the pile, and controlling the pH value of the pile to be 7.8-8.2 by using citric acid. After fermentation treatment for 13 days, the water content of the material is reduced to 46-48%; and (3) mixing part of the materials with the dewatered sludge to adjust the water content, transferring the rest of the materials into another bin type after-fermentation reactor, and continuing performing after-fermentation treatment for 22 days at the temperature of 25-29 ℃ until the water content of the mixed materials is reduced to 37-39%. The remaining process conditions were the same as in example 1.
The compost product is crushed and sieved to prepare the high-efficiency soil conditioner with uniform particle size. The germination index of the obtained product is 0.76, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively reach 2.7%, 6.4% and 1.3%, the dissolved heavy metal is low to an undetectable level, and other physical and chemical indexes are lower than the pollutant limit value specified by the A-type sludge product in the agricultural sludge pollutant control standard GB 4284-2018.
Example 4
Mixing dewatered sludge of an urban sewage plant with main fermentation dried sludge to prepare a mixture A with the water content of 66%, mixing smelting slag containing iron and manganese with the dewatered sludge according to the proportion of 1: 65 mass ratio addition; taking the mixture A as a reference, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.035 weight proportion of potash feldspar; then, according to the mass ratio of 0.06% of the mixture B, bacillus mucilaginosus cultured and proliferated on a bran substrate is added, and peanut shells accounting for 5% of the total weight of the materials are added as filler auxiliary materials. And (4) conveying the uniformly mixed materials to a cylindrical compost reaction bin for fermentation treatment. The temperature of the main fermentation stage is maintained at 52-57 ℃; monitoring the pH value of the pile, and controlling the pH value of the pile to be 7.5-7.9 by using 10mol/L citric acid. After fermentation treatment is carried out for 12 days, the water content of the material is reduced to 46-49%; and (3) mixing part of the materials with the dewatered sludge to adjust the water content, transferring the rest of the materials into a bin type after-fermentation reactor, and continuing performing after-fermentation treatment for 22 days at the temperature of 25-29 ℃ until the water content of the mixed materials is reduced to 37-39%. The remaining process conditions were the same as in example 1.
The compost product is crushed and sieved to prepare the high-efficiency soil conditioner with uniform particle size. The germination index of the obtained product is 0.78, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively reach 2.4%, 6.7% and 1.5%, the dissolved heavy metal is low to an undetectable level, and other physical and chemical indexes are lower than the pollutant limit value specified by the A-type sludge product in the agricultural sludge pollutant control standard GB 4284-2018.
Claims (10)
1. A technical method for preparing a high-efficiency soil conditioner by utilizing excess sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) blending the excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant to a set water content, and adding a ferro-manganese additive to prepare a mixture A;
(2) adding a potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral into the mixture A in the step (1) to prepare a mixture B;
(3) adding filler auxiliary materials and silicate bacteria into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and then performing fermentation treatment;
(4) and (3) returning part of the product obtained by fermentation to the step (1) for regulating the water content, and continuing performing after-fermentation treatment on the rest part of the product to obtain a final product, namely the prepared high-efficiency soil conditioner.
2. The technical method for preparing the high-efficiency soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined water content in the step (1) is 63-68%.
3. The technical method for preparing the efficient soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the iron and manganese additive is tailings or smelting slag containing iron and manganese, and the iron content in the tailings or the smelting slag is 4-8% and the manganese content in the tailings or the smelting slag is 6-22%; the addition amount of the ferro-manganese additive is that the mass ratio of the sludge material and the ferro-manganese additive after being prepared to the set water content is (40-80): 1.
4. the technical method for preparing the high-efficiency soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral in the step (2) is one or more of potassium feldspar, anorthite and biotite, and the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral is pre-crushed to a particle size of 100-150 μm before being added.
5. The technical method for preparing the efficient soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium-containing aluminosilicate mineral to the mixture A is (0.02-0.05): 1.
6. The technical method for preparing the high-efficiency soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the silicate bacteria in the step (3) are potassium silicate bacteria, and the adding amount is 0.03-0.12%.
7. The technical method for preparing the high-efficiency soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation treatment in the step (3) is composting treatment in a cylindrical fermentation bin, the temperature of the main fermentation section is 45-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 12-16 days.
8. The technical method for preparing the efficient soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the filler auxiliary material in the step (3) is peanut shells or rice straws, and the addition amount is 4-10%.
9. The technical method for preparing the high-efficiency soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein 8-12 mol/L citric acid is adopted during fermentation treatment to control the pH value of a pile to be 7.2-8.5.
10. The technical method for preparing the efficient soil conditioner from the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature of the post-fermentation treatment in the step (4) is 20-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-25 days.
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