WO1999019274A1

WO1999019274A1 - Magnetized organic fertiliser and its preparation method

Info

Publication number: WO1999019274A1
Application number: PCT/CN1997/000151
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fengjie Li
Original assignee: Fengjie Li
Priority date: 1997-10-15
Filing date: 1997-12-25
Publication date: 1999-04-22
Also published as: AU2701899A; CN1178209A; CN1074397C

Abstract

The invention concerns a magnetized organic fertiliser. The fertiliser contains powdered coal ash, N-fertiliser, P-fertiliser, K-fertiliser, micronutrient, fumic acid and silicic acid treated swelling soil. In the production of the fertiliser, the powdered coal ash is first polarized under 2500-4500 V high voltage electro-static field, other components are in turn added, agited, granulated, dried and then treated in magnetic field of 200-1000 gauss for 3-10 seconds. Using the magnetized organic fertiliser of the present invention, the effects of high buding rate, equipollent seedling, stronger seedling, deep green leaves, broad and thick leaves, strong stem, big ear, dense seed, quick harvest time and remarkable increasing production can be achieved.

Description

Magnetic organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and particularly to a magnetic organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent decades, due to the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers on the land, the organic components in the soil are out of balance, especially soil pollution is becoming increasingly serious, acidification and hardening, and the ecological balance is seriously out of balance, which has brought great harm to the human living environment. The decline in quality and taste of the fruit is due to the lack of various trace elements in the fertilizer, which reduces the vitamin protein and sugar content of agricultural products. In addition, the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution and threatens human health: due to inorganic fertilizers and pesticides Food, vegetables, and fruits are heavily polluted, and the amount of toxic residues is increasing. Relevant data report that the incidence of leukemia and cancer in humans has increased year by year. The main reason is environmental pollution, the most important of which is application in soil. The harm caused by inorganic chemical fertilizers is the greatest. Some toxic substances will also affect the health of the next generation through the reproduction of humans and animals. Some residues seep into rivers, grasslands and infiltrate the ground, polluting the environment on a large scale and causing immeasurable harm to human and animal health. Therefore, it is imperative to vigorously develop and use organic biological fertilizer and organic bacterial fertilizer to protect the environment and protect our lifeline.

In the prior art, China Magnetic Fertilizer produced by Zhongnan Electric Power Design Institute; Xiangyu Brand Magnetic Fertilizer produced by Huanan County, Heilongjiang; and Green Health Brand Magnetic Fertilizer produced by Daqing, Heilongjiang. These brands of magnetic fertilizers contain N, P, K fertilizers, calcium, iron oxide, borax, zinc sulfate, etc., but these magnetic fertilizers are common: 1) nutritional insufficiency, especially organic ingredients, such as humic acid, so It has defects in loosening soil, improving soil air permeability and water holding capacity; 2) magnetic properties are unstable, because the fertilizer is only magnetized with permanent magnets during the preparation of these magnetic fertilizers, and the permanent magnets themselves When used for a long time, the magnetic field magnetic field is reduced, so that the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic fertilizer is relatively reduced, and the required magnetic field intensity cannot be achieved. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a magnetic organic fertilizer containing coal-fired power plant ash and various nutrients and crops required by environmental pollution, and maintaining magnetic properties. To achieve the effect of improving soil, improving fertilizer efficiency and increasing yield.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the magnetic organic fertilizer.

Description of the invention The magnetic organic fertilizer of the present invention contains the following constituents in parts by weight:

10-80 parts fly ash, 7-18 parts nitrogen, 3-18 parts phosphate, 1-9 parts potassium, 1-15 parts micro-fertilizer, 1-50 parts humic acid, and 1-15 parts silicic acid;

Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated based on the amounts of N, P and K;

Except for silicic acid bentonite, each component is treated with a polar voltage of 2500 to 4500V; and each component is subjected to a magnetization treatment of 200 to 1000 Gauss for 3 to 10 seconds.

The fly ash described in the present invention has a particle size of 60-300 mesh, no heavy metals, and a pH value of 6.5-9. The nitrogen fertilizer in the fertilizer of the present invention may be urea, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate.

The phosphate fertilizer in the fertilizer of the present invention may be a nitrophosphate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate, or calcium phosphate.

The potassium fertilizer described in the fertilizer of the present invention is preferably potassium sulfate and / or potassium chloride.

The micro-fertilizer in the fertilizer of the present invention includes zinc fertilizer and / or boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer, wherein zinc fertilizer is preferably zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer is preferably borax, molybdenum fertilizer is preferably ammonium molybdate, and silicon fertilizer is preferably For silica.

The humic acid in the present invention may be sodium humate, potassium humate or ammonium humate, and is a good soil improver. When used as a soil improver, it can increase soil air permeability and water permeability, reduce soil pH, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and increase soil enzyme activity; it has drought resistance. Because humic acid can promote crop root development, Increase the area of crops to absorb nutrients, thicken the waxy layer on the crop surface, reduce the stomatal thickness, reduce water transpiration, and the two complement each other. Wuyuan throttling achieves drought resistance. It is also a new plant growth stimulant: Increasing a variety of enzyme activities and chlorophyll content, enabling a vigorous metabolism, enhanced photosynthesis, increased sugar and dry matter, thereby improving the ability of crops to resist stresses such as frost and disease, and improving crop yield and quality; Forming a compound of pesticides and hormones with pesticides can reduce the toxicity of pesticides, reduce the amount of pesticides used, improve the efficacy of pesticides, and reduce the harm of environmental pollution and chemicals to the human body; it can improve the ability of plants to absorb and operate trace elements Is an excellent complexing agent; Rich, it can improve the fruit quality, make the fruit taste good, beets increase 0.4 sugar, melons, fruits, vegetables, rice and other taste mellow; because humic acid and metal ions form a chelate, can promote the activation of nutrients in the soil, make plants Easy to absorb, promote metabolism and grain formation, and promote early maturity and increase yield.

Silicic acid in the present invention bulky soil particle size from 100 - 350 mesh silica content of 50 - 98% (by weight), a bulk density of 0.91 - 1.00 g / cm ^3, a pore radius of 30 - 250A, pH value 4-7. Its characteristics are: pH value is about 5.5, which is beneficial to adjust the pH value; it has a special molecular structure, which can increase the cation exchange capacity and improve the soil's cation exchange and absorption after applying to the soil; At (30-250A), it is porous, so it increases the soil's air permeability, light transmittance and water holding capacity, making the compacted soil loose, which is beneficial to the respiration and growth of the crop root system, and at the same time, it can remove harmful bacteria in the soil. Adsorbed, it can prevent soil-borne diseases, and is a good soil improver; the content of effective silicon (2-6.3%) and strontium is high, which has a good effect on promoting crop growth.

After treatment with electric and magnetic fields, the characteristics of organic fertilizers changed significantly. The magnetic organic fertilizer of the present invention is a new type of fertilizer that combines modern formula, fertilization technology and magnetization technology according to the theories of soil magnetism, biomagnetism, environmental magnetism and crop nutrition. The combination of delayed effects. It is a kind of coal-fired power plant ash as a carrier. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also contains boron, molybdenum, silicon, zinc, manganese and other dozens of trace elements. It combines chemical nutrition and physical action. The new type of fertilizer can be tested and fertilized with different formulas according to different soils and crops, and its characteristics are as follows:

1. Change the magnetic field environment of the roots, increase the formation of micro-aggregate structure in the soil, activate the ineffective nutrients in the soil and change the effective nutrients, increase the crop rooting ability, promote germination, seedling growth, and seedling growth.

2. Due to rich nutrition, increase the area of crops to absorb nutrients, prevent the occurrence of deficiencies, and the root system is developed, the plants are lush, and the lodging resistance is increased.

3. Due to the formation of micro-aggregate structure in the soil, combined with effective nutrient combinations, it improves the air permeability and water holding capacity of the soil, improves the nutrient utilization rate, the crop leaves are wide, thick, and the surface waxy layer is thickened to reduce water The evaporation has the functions of drought resistance and seedling protection, and water and water retention.

4. The photosynthesis of crop leaves is enhanced due to the increase of various organic substances and magnetization, thereby increasing the chlorophyll content. All crops show dark green and the plants are strong.

5. Nitrogen fixation. Due to its strong adsorption capacity, it not only has a fast-acting effect, but also has a long-lasting fertilizer effect, non-toxic, harmless, and pollution-free. It is an ideal fertilizer for organic food production.

6. Due to beneficial ingredients and magnetization, raise the ground temperature and promote the formation of grains. Early maturity is 3-7 days, and the grains are full, increasing yield by 10-15%.

7. Reducing soil pollution, preventing soil-borne diseases, resistance to rice blast is obvious, reducing damage to underground crops, and promoting ecological balance.

8. Improve the quality of fruits. As a result of reducing chemical components and increasing organic matter, the taste of crop fruits is good, the sugar content of melons and fruits is increased, the sugar content of beets is increased by 0.4, the color of vegetable leaves is dark green and the taste is fresh.

Through trial demonstration of 300,000 mu of land in 16 provinces and cities across the country, the production test results show that 15-30 kg of mu can be used as the bottom fertilizer or topdressing, and the yield of mu is increased by about 10-20% for food crops and for economic crops by 20- 25 % Muzeng economic benefits ⁷⁸ million. In addition to certain economic benefits, the invention has the advantages of improving soil and fertility, reducing environmental pollution, especially water pollution caused by soil pollution, protecting human and animal health, reducing the harm of chemical fertilizers to the human body, and promoting ecological balance. Very good environmental and social benefits.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a magnetic organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

1. Take the components as described above;

2. Polarize fly ash at a polar voltage of 2500-4500V;

3. Add various components except silicic acid bentonite to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash. Add boiling water to saturate and dissolve, add silicate bentonite, and then add boiling water to saturate and dissolve, stir , Granulate and dry at 30-100 ° C;

4. The dried fertilizer is placed in a magnetizer with a strength of 200 ~ 1000 Gauss for 3 to 10 seconds.

In the method for preparing a magnetic organic fertilizer of the present invention, the polar voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic polarization is 2500 to 4500V; it can further weaken the bond energy of the chemical bond with a magnetic substance in the fly ash, improve the activation ability of the molecule, and After the soil is changed, the magnetic field around the crop is changed, promoting the ineffective nutrients to become effective nutrients and turning waste into treasure, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

The preparation method of the invention is scientific and reasonable, and the produced product has high nutrition and good effect, and is a new type of fertilizer combining organic-inorganic, fertilization technology and magnetization technology, and chemical nutrition and physical effect.

The following joint examples and experimental examples illustrate the present invention in detail, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Examples

Example 1

Take the following components:

50 ash

15 servings of urea

Nitrophosphate

5 parts of potassium sulfate

5 parts of zinc sulfate

Sodium Humate 30 servings

Silicate bentonite 10 servings

Among them, the particle size of fly ash is 100 mesh, no heavy metal, and pH is 7. Fly ash was polarized at a polar voltage of 3000 V; then, various components other than the silicic acid bentonite were added to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash, boiling water was added for saturation and dissolution, and silicic acid was added. Loosening soil, then adding boiling water for saturated dissolution, stirring, granulating, and drying at 7 ° C; placing the dried fertilizer in a magnetizer with an intensity of 800 Gauss for 8 seconds of magnetization treatment. Magnetic properties were obtained Organic Fertilizer.

Example 2

Take the following components:

10 servings of fly ash

Urea 18 servings

Nitrophosphate 3 servings

9 parts of potassium sulfate

5 parts of zinc sulfate

Borax 1 serving

1 serving of ammonium humate

15 parts Silicate Bauxite

Among them, the particle size of fly ash is 250 mesh, no heavy metals, and pH is 6.5.

Fly ash was polarized at a polar voltage of about 4500 V. Then, various components other than the silicic acid bentonite were added to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash, boiling water was added for saturation and dissolution, and silicic acid was added. The bentonite is then saturated with boiling water, stirred, granulated, and dried at 70 ° C. The dried fertilizer is placed in a magnetizer with a strength of 1000 Gauss for 3 seconds. Preparation of magnetic organic fertilizer.

Example 3

Take the following components:

Fly ash 80 servings

7 parts ammonium chloride

Monoammonium phosphate 18 parts

1 part potassium chloride

3 parts of zinc sulfate

5 parts ammonium molybdate

Potassium humate 50 servings

5 parts Silicate Bauxite Among them, the particle size of the fly ash is 60 mesh, without heavy metals, and the pH is 9.

Fly ash was polarized at a polar voltage of about 2500 V; then, various components other than the silicic acid bentonite were added to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash, boiling water was added for saturation and dissolution, and silicic acid was added. The bentonite is then saturated with boiling water, stirred, granulated, and dried at 100 ° C. The dried fertilizer is placed in a magnetizer with a strength of 200 Gauss for 10 seconds. Preparation of magnetic organic fertilizer.

Example 4

Take the following components:

50 ash

10 parts ammonium chloride

Monoammonium phosphate 5 parts

5 parts of potassium chloride

3 parts of zinc sulfate

Borax 1 serving

1 part silica

5 parts ammonium molybdate

Potassium humate 50 servings

Silicate Bauxite 5 servings

Among them, the particle size of fly ash is 200 mesh, no heavy metals, and the pH is 7.

Fly ash was polarized at a polar voltage of about 2500 V. Then, various components other than the silicic acid bentonite were added to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash, boiling water was added for saturation and dissolution, and silicon was added. The acid bentonite was added to boiling water for saturation and dissolution, stirred, granulated, and dried at 100 ° C. The dried fertilizer was placed in a magnetizer with a strength of 200 Gauss for 3 seconds. Preparation of magnetic organic fertilizer.

Experimental example

The following describes the comparison between the magnetized organic fertilizer of the present invention, the magnetized fertilizer in the prior art, and the common chemical fertilizer without magnetization through experiments:

Spot test in six counties, two farms, thirty-two towns, and one hundred and thirty test points: Test crops: soybean, corn, wheat, rice, vegetables, sugar beet; test fertilizer source: as in Example 1 The prepared magnetic organic fertilizer of the present invention; the control is a magnetized multiple compound fertilizer (magnetized fertilizer; produced by Hongri Magnetic Fertilizer Factory) and diammonium and urea produced in the United States. Test treatment:

1. Soybeans: Group 1: Putting in basic fertilizer once, applying magnetic organic fertilizer per acre 25 kg

Group 2: Equivalent fertilization of magnetized multiple compound fertilizer (control)

2. Corn: Group 1: 25-30 kg of magnetic organic fertilizer used as base fertilizer

Group 2: Equivalent fertilization by applying multiple compound fertilizers per mu (control)

Group 3: Local Custom Control

3. Wheat: Group 1: 25 kg of magnetic organic fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer

4. Rice: Group 1: 20 kg of magnetic organic fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer, 5 kg of urea

5. Scattering mining: Group 1: 30 kilograms of magnetic organic fertilizer as base fertilizer

Group 2: Local custom control

6.Beet: Group 1: Apply 40 kg of magnetic organic fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer

Group 2: Local Habits

Try; the results are recorded as follows:

From investigations and observations, various crops have different degrees of yield-increasing effects. The performance is as follows: Soybean emerged from the 22 test sites. Miao Qi, magnetic organic fertilizer applied dark green leaves, thick leaves, lush plants , Stout, short pitch, plants 3-5 cm taller than control group, leaf width 4.8 cm, while control group 3.5 cm, fresh plant weight above ground, magnetic organic fertilizer plant weight 30.8 g, compared to 26 g for control group In terms of the number of nodules, 76.6 mu of magnetic organic fertilizer were applied per mu, compared with 53.6 of the control group, and the soybean control group of magnetic organic fertilizer increased yield by about 7.5% per mu and increased economic benefits by 40 yuan.

From the thirty-six experimental points of corn, the leaves are wide at the seedling stage and the ears are drawn early 3 to 7 days and mature 5 to 10 days in advance. The yield of magnetic organic fertilizer per mu is about 8% higher than that of the control group. Increase economic benefits by 38 yuan.

From the seedling stage, wheat has strong seedlings, broad leaves, thick stems, and strong tillering capacity. The number of magnetic organic fertilizers at the seedling stage is 12 and that of the control group is _{8. In terms} of tillering strength, 8 magnetic organic fertilizers are applied and the control group is 5 The application of magnetic organic fertilizer increased the output by about 10% compared with the control group.

From 28 experimental points of rice, the application of magnetic organic fertilizer turned green quickly, the tillering force was strong, the root system was developed, the pores were deep, the ground plants were lush, the leaves were dark green, the leaves were wide and thick, the ears were long, many grains, and the seeds were full. The grains are 0.3 g heavier than the control group, and the yield per mu is 9.7%, and the rice tastes good. Vegetables from 12 test points, the planting period was clearly seen after the planting period, the leaf ball compaction period was 5-7 days earlier than the control group, the growth period was dark green, the leaves were thicker, and the chlorophyll was enhanced, while the control group was lighter Green, after testing the production, the magnetic organic fertilizer was 12% more than the control group.

From the 21 test points, sugar beet was generally dark green in the beet, while the control group was light green, and tuber formation was 5-7 days earlier. After testing, the application of magnetic organic fertilizer increased 0.2 sugar content and 11.2% increase.

During the magnetic organic fertilizer test, the agricultural experts and technicians of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences worked with the test users to make good phenological observations and records. After careful testing and recording according to the test plan, the results were: Compared with the control group, the various fertilizer crops showed high starting bud rate, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang, dark green leaves (light green in the control group), leaf width, thickened wax layer on the surface of the crop, and the plants were better than the control group. It is 5-10 cm tall, thick in stems, large in ears, full in kernels, fast in maturity, etc., and has an increase in yield of about 1-18%, which indicates that magnetic organic fertilizer is obviously superior to other fertilizers in various crops.

According to investigation and analysis by the agricultural research department and relevant experts, the main reasons for the increase in magnetic organic fertilizer production are: Rich nutrition: Magnetic organic fertilizer uses fly ash as a carrier, plus appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Trace elements to ensure the growth needs of various crops to prevent deficiencies; Residual magnetic properties: As the active particles magnetized in the fertilizer are applied to the soil, they have a strong susceptibility, forming a local magnetic field around them, increasing The formation of micro-aggregate structures in the soil improves the physical properties of the soil, causes the magnetic biological effect of the root system, and increases the ability of crops to absorb nutrients and water. Silicate bulk is a special material that has strong breathability Because of its porosity, water-holding capacity and adsorption capacity make the compacted soil loose, which is beneficial to crop respiration and nutrient absorption. At the same time, it absorbs harmful bacteria in the soil to prevent soil-borne diseases. It is a good soil improvement. Humic acid can enhance soil permeability and water permeability, reduce soil pH, increase beneficial micro It increases the amount of food and enzyme activity in the soil, and is rich in nutrients, so it promotes the development of crop roots and increases the germination rate. The waxy layer on the surface of the crop is thickened, and the evaporation of ice is reduced. It has drought resistance. Strengthening photosynthesis, increasing sugar and dry matter, strong resistance to stress, promoting early maturity, ear growth, grain growth, high yield, good fruit taste, reducing the harm of chemical fertilizers to the human body, are of far-reaching significance for protecting the environment and protecting human health.

Claims

Rights request

1. A magnetic organic fertilizer, characterized in that it contains the following constituents in parts by weight: 10-80 parts of fly ash, 7-18 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-18 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-9 parts of potassium fertilizer, and micro-fertilizer 1

-15 parts, humic acid 1-50 parts, silicic acid bentonite 1-15 parts;

Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively calculated by the amounts of N, P and K;

Except for silicic acid bentonite, each component is treated with a polar voltage of 2500-4500V; and each component is subjected to a magnetization treatment of 200 to 1000 Gauss for 3 to 10 seconds.

2. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the fly ash is 60-300 mesh, contains no heavy metals, and has a pH of 6.5_9.

3. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of the group consisting of urea, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, or ammonium sulfate; and the phosphate fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of One or more of the group consisting of nitrophosphate, monoammonium phosphate or heavy perphosphate; the potassium fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of potassium sulfate and / or chlorinated

Vf

4. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium humate, potassium humate or ammonium humate.

5. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the micro fertilizer is selected from one or more of zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer.

6. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate.

7. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the boron fertilizer is borax.

8. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate.

9. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the silicon fertilizer is silicon dioxide.

10. The magnetic organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of said silicic acid bulk soil is 100

- 350 mesh, having a silica content of 50 - 98% (by weight), a bulk density of 0.91 - 1.00 g / cm ^3, a pore radius of 30 - 250A, pH value of 4--7.

11. A method for preparing a magnetic organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Take the following components:

Fly ash 10-80 parts by weight

7-18 parts by weight Phosphate fertilizer 3-18 parts by weight

Potassium fertilizer 1-9 parts by weight

1-15 parts by weight

Humic acid 1-50 parts by weight

1-15 parts by weight

(2) Polarize the fly ash at a polar voltage of 2500- 4500V;

(3) adding various components other than silicic acid bentonite to the above-mentioned polarized fly ash, adding boiling water for saturation and dissolution, adding silicic acid bentonite, and then adding boiling water for saturation and dissolution, Stir, granulate, dry at 30-100 'C ·,

(4) The dried fertilizer is placed in a magnetizer with a strength of 200 to 1000 Gauss for 3 to 10 seconds.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the particle size of the fly ash is 60-300 mesh, contains no heavy metals, and has a pH of 6.5-9.

13. The preparation method according to claim 11, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of the group consisting of urea, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate; and the phosphate fertilizer is selected from nitrate. One or more of the group consisting of basic phosphate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate or heavy perphosphate; the potassium fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of potassium sulfate and / or potassium chloride.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the humic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium humate, potassium humate or ammonium humate.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the micro fertilizer is selected from one or more of zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer.

16. The preparation method according to claim 15, wherein the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate.

17. The preparation method according to claim 15, wherein the boron fertilizer is borax.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate.

19. The preparation method according to claim 15, wherein the silicon fertilizer is silicon dioxide.

20. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that the particle size of the silicic acid bentonite is 100-350 mesh, its silica content is 50-98% by weight, and the bulk density is 0.91-1.00 g /cm

³ , hole radius 30-250A, pH value 4-7.