CN115777849A - Feed for hermetia illucens and method for breeding hermetia illucens - Google Patents
Feed for hermetia illucens and method for breeding hermetia illucens Download PDFInfo
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- CN115777849A CN115777849A CN202211613373.7A CN202211613373A CN115777849A CN 115777849 A CN115777849 A CN 115777849A CN 202211613373 A CN202211613373 A CN 202211613373A CN 115777849 A CN115777849 A CN 115777849A
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a black soldier fly feed and a method for breeding black soldier flies by using the feed, wherein the preparation of the black soldier fly feed comprises the following steps: carrying out alkali-adding high-temperature high-pressure cooking pretreatment on the oil-rich microalgae feed liquid; uniformly mixing the pretreated microalgae feed liquid and the crushed organic solid waste in proportion; and adding the compound bacterium enzyme preparation into the obtained mixture for fermentation and degradation to obtain the hermetia illucens feed. The black soldier fly larvae are cultured by using the black soldier fly feed for 7-8 days and then are separated from the residue to obtain fresh insects and insect sand. According to the method, the oil-rich microalgae and the organic solid waste mixture are used for cooperatively breeding the hermetia illucens, so that the growth of hermetia illucens larvae can be promoted, the oil accumulation in the larvae is improved, and the resource utilization of the organic solid waste is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feeding, in particular to a black soldier fly feed and a method for breeding black soldier flies by using the feed.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society of China, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the growing organic solid wastes is more and more serious. At present, the main treatment modes of organic solid wastes are incineration, composting, anaerobic fermentation and the like, and the defects of high treatment cost, serious secondary pollution and the like exist. The hermetia illucens biotransformation technology is a new organic solid waste treatment and disposal technology developed in recent years. The hermetia illucens (the scientific name is hermetia illucens) has the advantages of strong biotransformation capability, short growth period, high propagation speed, low breeding cost, wide feeding range and the like. The black soldier fly larvae have high nutritive value, contain rich protein, are rich in lauric acid, palmitic acid, essential amino acid, trace elements and various bioactive substances, have high oil content of the larvae which can reach 15-49 percent, are not fixed in nutritional ingredients, can change to a certain extent along with different feeding matrixes, have plastic nutritional compositions, and are functional raw materials with good development prospects. The larva can be processed in later stage to prepare dried worm, worm powder or fresh worm for feed application, the worm oil can be extracted to prepare biodiesel, and other beneficial components such as chitin, antibacterial peptide, etc. can exert medicinal value.
The oil-rich microalgae has the advantages of high photosynthesis efficiency, high growth rate, high biomass yield and the like, can accumulate important products such as high unsaturated fatty acid, biodiesel, protein and the like in vivo, and can be used for producing high-added-value products such as microalgae diesel and the like. But because the development energy consumption of microalgae commercial products is high and the technical professional barriers are high, the development of microalgae energy utilization is limited.
At present, organic solid wastes are mostly adopted to directly breed the hermetia illucens, the method adopts oil-rich microalgae in cooperation with the organic solid wastes to breed the hermetia illucens to construct an organic waste disposal cycle chain, reports for the processes are few, and related fields are still to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a black soldier fly feed capable of improving the oil content of the black soldier fly body and a method for breeding the black soldier fly by using the feed, wherein the black soldier fly feed is produced by using oil-rich microalgae.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following scheme: the feed for the hermetia illucens is characterized by being prepared according to the following steps:
step one, carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure cooking pretreatment on the enriched oil-rich microalgae feed liquid by adding an alkaline agent to carry out protein modification and cell wall breaking to obtain microalgae feed liquid; the oil-rich microalgae is microalgae with the oil content of 10-30% and the protein content of 40-60%;
step two, mixing the microalgae feed liquid subjected to cooking pretreatment and the crushed organic solid waste uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae feed liquid to the organic solid waste is (1) - (9-3);
and step three, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation into the mixture, and fermenting and degrading for 24-48h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the black soldier fly feed, wherein the microbial strain in the compound bacterium enzyme preparation is one or more of saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, bacillus, clostridium and enterococcus, and the enzyme type is one or more of cellulase, protease, lipase, amylase and pullulanase.
Wherein, the cooking pretreatment is repeated for a plurality of times, can improve the wall-breaking modification effect, and the step is to carry out protein modification and cell wall-breaking treatment on the microalgae, thereby improving the edibility of the microalgae and being beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the black soldier flies in the later period. The compound bacterium enzyme preparation is added into the mixture, so that organic chemicals (such as polysaccharide, lipid and protein) mixed in microalgae cells are converted into small molecules which are easier to absorb, the biotransformation efficiency of the hermetia illucens to materials is improved, and the nutrient accumulation of the hermetia illucens is improved. The water content of the finally obtained hermetia illucens feed is 70-80%, the impurity content is less than 2%, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80% (dry weight), the protein and fat content is 30-45%, and the pH value is 5.5-7.
Further, the feed for the hermetia illucens is characterized in that the pressure of the cooking pretreatment is 1.5-3.5Mpa, the temperature is 130-160 ℃, the pH of the feed liquid after adding the alkali is 8-10.5, the stirring speed is 30-40r/min, the cooking time is 20-40min, the cooking is performed for 2-3 times, and the concentration of the microalgae feed liquid is 20-25%; the used cooking equipment is provided with a stirring device, the stirring speed is adjustable, and the stirring paddle is in the form of anchor type common stirring or bottom scraping stirring.
Further, the hermetia illucens feed is characterized in that the organic solid waste is one or more of food waste, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, livestock and poultry carcasses and fruit and vegetable waste; the organic solid waste is pretreated by screening and crushing, the impurity content is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the particle size is less than or equal to 5mm.
Further, the hermetia illucens feed is characterized in that the compound bacterium enzyme preparation is added according to the volume of a mixture of 2% -5%.
Further, the hermetia illucens feed is characterized in that the oil-rich microalgae species are one or more of new green algae, botryococcus, scenedesmus, chlorella and chlorella.
Further, the hermetia illucens feed is characterized in that the added alkaline agent is any one of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
The method for breeding the hermetia illucens by using the hermetia illucens feed is characterized in that the hermetia illucens feed is added into a closed hermetia illucens breeding system in batches, regularly and quantitatively every day, larvae in 1-3 instar stages are inoculated according to the inoculation proportion of (100-200) g of larvae per t of breeding feed, and the larvae are subjected to ventilation breeding for 7-8 days to obtain an insect residue mixture; and (3) carrying out insect and residue separation on the hermetia illucens larvae and the bottom material to obtain fresh insects and insect sand.
The inoculated larvae are larvae in the same age period hatched in the same batch, the number of the larvae is more than or equal to 10 mg/piece, and the larvae are uniformly thrown in different points. The black soldier fly is used for carrying out biotransformation on the feeding raw materials, so that the reduction, harmlessness and reclamation of the raw materials are realized. The black soldier fly larvae and the bed charge are subjected to insect and residue separation to obtain the impurity-free black soldier fly larvae, so that the subsequent deep processing and utilization of the larvae and the insect sand are facilitated.
Further, the method for breeding the hermetia illucens is characterized in that the breeding system is closed, a constant temperature and humidity state is kept, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the air humidity is 60-80%, the ventilation frequency is 10-12 times/h, the ventilation volume is 3-5 times of the ventilation space volume, and a 500-700W iodine tungsten lamp is used for light supplement; the culture raw materials are quantitatively added for 3 times in 6, 00, 14 and 22.
The oil content of the hermetia illucens bred by using the feed is 30-35%, and the oil content is improved by about 10-15% compared with the average level.
The invention has the following technical effects: (1) The oil-rich microalgae contains rich substances such as protein and grease, is used for breeding the hermetia illucens, promotes the grease content in the hermetia illucens larvae to be improved by about 10-15% through food chain accumulation, can be used for preparing more biodiesel, expands the application value of the hermetia illucens, and generates greater social and economic benefits.
(2) The method adopts alkaline high-temperature high-pressure multiple times of cooking to break the cell wall of the algae and promote the release of the nutrient active ingredients of the algae, and utilizes the compound bacterium enzyme preparation to ferment the algae, so that complex organic compounds such as polysaccharide, lipid, protein and the like in cells are converted into micromolecules such as amino acid, polypeptide, unsaturated fatty acid and the like which are easier to absorb, and the digestion capacity of hermetia illucens on the algae and the utilization rate of nutrient substances are improved. In addition, substances such as saccharides, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid and the like in the culture raw materials are converted into new flavor substances in the fermentation process, acid substances in the materials are reduced, alcohol substances are increased, the alcohol can also react to generate esters, and the content of aldehyde aroma substances is increased; in addition, some amino acids have flavors, so that the flavor of the materials is greatly enriched, and finally released gustatory active compounds improve the palatability of the breeding raw materials and promote the feeding of the hermetia illucens.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a processing technology of a black soldier fly feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Performing solid-liquid separation on two oil-rich microalgae, namely chlorella and scenedesmus, enriching to obtain a microalgae feed liquid with the concentration of 20%, adding sodium hydroxide into the microalgae feed liquid to adjust the pH to 8, adjusting the speed of a stirrer to be 30 r/min under the conditions of the temperature of 130 ℃ and the pressure of 1.5Mpa, cooking for 20min, cooling the microalgae feed liquid after cooking, and performing cooking pretreatment once under the same conditions for twice. Cooling the microalgae feed liquid to about 30 ℃ for later use. After plastic, fabric and other inorganic components are removed by screening the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is crushed into kitchen slurry with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm. Mixing microalgae feed liquid and kitchen slurry according to a mass ratio of 2 to 8, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation (lactobacillus, bacillus and cellulase) accounting for 2 percent of the volume of the mixture, fermenting and degrading for 24 hours at 30-35 ℃ to serve as a breeding raw material (black soldier fly feed) for breeding black soldier flies, adding the breeding raw material into a breeding system, paving the breeding raw material with the thickness of 10cm, uniformly inoculating hatched 2-day-old larvae according to 100g/t of the raw material in points, breeding for 7 days, keeping the breeding temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping the air humidity at 60-80%, ventilating once every 5 days, ventilating the volume of a space with the ventilation amount of 3-5 times, and supplementing light by using a tungsten iodine lamp when the illumination is low. Checking the condition of the culture materials periodically during the culture period, and timely adding the raw materials with the thickness of 1-3cm and the water content of 70-90% when the water content of the raw materials of the materials is less than or equal to 60%. And sieving the larvae and the bottom material 7 days later to obtain fresh hermetia illucens and the insect sand.
Example 2
Performing solid-liquid separation on two oil-rich microalgae, namely Botryococcus and New Green algae, enriching to obtain a microalgae feed liquid with the concentration of 23%, adding calcium hydroxide into the microalgae feed liquid to adjust the pH to 8.5, adjusting the speed of a stirrer to 35 r/min under the conditions of the temperature of 145 ℃ and the pressure of 2.5Mpa, cooking for 30min, cooling the microalgae feed liquid after cooking, and then performing cooking pretreatment for 2 times under the same conditions for 3 times. Cooling the microalgae feed liquid to about 30 ℃ for later use. Screening the kitchen waste to remove inorganic components such as plastics, fabrics and the like, and crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen waste serous fluid with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm. Mixing microalgae feed liquid and kitchen residue slurry according to a mass ratio of 3 to 7, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation (bacillus, clostridium and cellulase) accounting for 3 percent of the volume of the mixture, fermenting and degrading the mixture for 36 hours at 30 to 35 ℃ to be used as a breeding raw material (black soldier fly feed) for breeding black soldier flies, adding the breeding raw material into a breeding system, paving the breeding raw material to be 10cm thick, evenly inoculating hatched 2-day-old larvae according to 100g/t of the raw material in points, breeding for 7 days, maintaining the breeding temperature at 25 to 30 ℃, keeping the air humidity at 60 to 80 percent, ventilating once every 5 days, and supplementing light by using an iodine tungsten lamp when the light is low in ventilation volume which is 3 to 5 times of the air volume. Checking the condition of the culture materials periodically during the culture period, and timely adding the raw materials with the thickness of 1-3cm and the water content of 70-90% when the water content of the raw materials of the materials is less than or equal to 60%. And sieving the worm bodies and the bottom material after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fresh worms and the worm sand.
Example 3
Performing solid-liquid separation on three oil-rich microalgae such as Scenedesmus obliquus, new green algae and chlorella, enriching to obtain microalgae feed liquid with a concentration of 25%, adding calcium hydroxide into the microalgae feed liquid to adjust the pH to 8.5, adjusting the speed of a stirrer to 35 r/min under the conditions of 160 ℃ and 3Mpa, cooking for 30min, cooling the microalgae feed liquid after cooking, and performing cooking pretreatment for 2 times under the same conditions for 3 times. Cooling the microalgae feed liquid to about 30 ℃ for later use. Screening the kitchen waste to remove inorganic components such as plastics, fabrics and the like, and crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen slurry with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm. Mixing the microalgae feed liquid and the kitchen slurry according to the mass ratio of 3 to 7, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation (saccharomyces, bacillus, enterococcus and protease) accounting for 4% of the volume of the mixture, fermenting and degrading for 48 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to serve as a breeding raw material (feed for hermetia illucens) for breeding hermetia illucens, adding the breeding raw material into a breeding system, paving the breeding raw material with the thickness of 10cm, uniformly inoculating hatched 2-day-old larvae according to 100g/t of the raw material in points, breeding for 7 days, keeping the breeding temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping the air humidity at 60-80%, ventilating once every 5 days, ventilating the volume of a ventilating space with the ventilation amount of 3-5 times, and supplementing light by using a tungsten iodine lamp when the illumination is low. Checking the condition of the cultured materials regularly during the culture period, and timely adding the materials with the thickness of 1-3cm and the water content of 70-90% when the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 60%. And sieving the worm bodies and the bottom material after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fresh worms and the worm sand.
Comparative example 1
Three oil-rich microalgae, namely new green algae and chlorella are subjected to solid-liquid separation and then are enriched to obtain a microalgae feed liquid with the concentration of 25%. Screening the kitchen waste to remove inorganic components such as plastics, fabrics and the like, and crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen slurry with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm. Mixing microalgae feed liquid and kitchen slurry according to a mass ratio of 3 to 7, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation (bacillus, clostridium and protease) accounting for 4 percent of the volume of the mixture, fermenting and degrading the mixture for 48 hours at 30 to 35 ℃ to serve as a breeding raw material, feeding hermetia illucens, adding the raw material into a breeding system, flatly paving the raw material for 10cm, uniformly inoculating hatched 2-day-old larvae according to 100g/t of the raw material in points, breeding for 7 days, maintaining the breeding temperature at 25 to 30 ℃, keeping the air humidity at 60 to 80 percent, ventilating once every 5 days, and supplementing light by using an iodine tungsten lamp when the illumination is low, wherein the ventilation volume is 3 to 5 times of the ventilation space volume. Checking the condition of the cultured materials regularly during the culture period, and timely adding the materials with the thickness of 1-3cm and the water content of 70-90% when the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 60%. And sieving the worm bodies and the bottom material after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fresh worms and the worm sand.
Comparative example 2
Screening kitchen waste to remove inorganic components such as plastics and fabrics, crushing the kitchen waste into kitchen slurry with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation (lactobacillus, bacillus and cellulase) with the volume of 4% of the slurry, fermenting and degrading for 48 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, feeding hermetia illucens as a breeding raw material, adding the raw material into a breeding system, paving the raw material to be 10cm thick, uniformly inoculating hatched 2-day-old larvae according to 100g/t of the raw material in points, breeding for 7 days, keeping the breeding temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping the air humidity at 60-80%, ventilating once every 5 days, ventilating the volume of a ventilating space with the ventilation amount of 3-5 times, and supplementing light by using a tungsten iodine lamp when the illumination is low. Checking the condition of the cultured materials regularly during the culture period, and timely adding the materials with the thickness of 1-3cm and the water content of 70-90% when the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 60%. And sieving the worm bodies and the bottom material after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fresh worms and the worm sand.
After the black soldier fly larvae obtained in the embodiments 1-2 and the comparative example are cleaned, the black soldier fly larvae with the same weight are respectively taken, and the fat content of the larvae is determined by a Soxhlet extraction method, so that the following results are obtained:
| treatment group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Oil content (%) | 36.9 | 38.2 | 38.8 | 33.4 | 32.3 |
It is easy to see that the hermetia illucens cultured by the method has good oil content.
The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and applications described above, which are intended to be illustrative, instructional and not limiting. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The feed for the hermetia illucens is characterized by being prepared according to the following steps:
step one, carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure cooking pretreatment on the enriched oil-rich microalgae feed liquid by adding an alkaline agent to carry out protein modification and cell wall breaking to obtain microalgae feed liquid; the oil-rich microalgae adopted in the oil-rich microalgae feed liquid is microalgae with the oil content of 10-30% and the protein content of 40-60%;
step two, uniformly mixing the microalgae liquid subjected to cooking pretreatment and the crushed organic solid waste to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae liquid to the organic solid waste is 1;
and step three, adding a compound bacterium enzyme preparation into the mixture, and fermenting and degrading for 24-48h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the black soldier fly feed, wherein the microbial strain in the compound bacterium enzyme preparation is one or more of saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, bacillus, clostridium and enterococcus, and the enzyme type is one or more of cellulase, protease, lipase, amylase and pullulanase.
2. The heisui river fly feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the pre-cooking treatment is 1.5-3.5Mpa, the temperature is 130-160 ℃, the pH of the feed liquid after adding alkali is 8-10.5, the stirring speed is 30-40r/min, the cooking time is 20-40min, the cooking is performed for 2-3 times, and the concentration of the microalgae feed liquid is 20% -25%; the used cooking equipment is provided with a stirring device, the stirring speed is adjustable, and the stirring paddle is in the form of anchor type common stirring or bottom scraping stirring.
3. The heisui river fly feed according to claim 1, wherein the organic solid waste is one or more of food waste, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, livestock and poultry carcasses and fruit and vegetable waste; the organic solid waste is pretreated by screening and crushing, the impurity content is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the particle size is less than or equal to 5mm.
4. The heisui fly feed of claim 1, wherein the complex microbial enzyme preparation is added in a volume of 2-5% of the mixture.
5. The heisui fly feed of claim 1, wherein the oil-rich microalgae species is one or more of green algae, botryococcus, scenedesmus, chlorella.
6. The heisui river fly feed of claim 1, wherein the alkaline agent is any one of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
7. A method for breeding the hermetia illucens by using the hermetia illucens feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hermetia illucens feed as claimed in claim 1 is added into a closed hermetia illucens breeding system in batches at regular time and quantity every day, larvae of 1-3 instar are inoculated according to the inoculation ratio of (100-200) g/t breeding feed, and the larvae are bred for 7-8 days in a ventilation manner to obtain an insect residue mixture; and (3) carrying out insect and residue separation on the hermetia illucens larvae and the bottom material to obtain fresh insects and insect sand.
8. The method for breeding the hermetia illucens by using the hermetia illucens feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the breeding system is closed and is kept in a constant temperature and humidity state, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the air humidity is 60-80%, the ventilation frequency is 10-12 times/h, the ventilation volume is 3-5 times, and a 500W-700W iodine tungsten lamp is used for supplementing light; the culture raw materials are quantitatively added for 3 times in 6, 00, 14 and 22.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117139327A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-01 | 茵塞普科技(深圳)有限公司 | Method and device for processing foodstuff by biotransformation of insects |
| CN117158385A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江三利农业科技(集团)有限公司 | Permanent auxiliary material used in hermetia illucens culture feed and application method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117139327A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-01 | 茵塞普科技(深圳)有限公司 | Method and device for processing foodstuff by biotransformation of insects |
| CN117139327B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-06-07 | 茵塞普科技(深圳)有限公司 | Method and device for processing foodstuff by biotransformation of insects |
| CN117158385A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江三利农业科技(集团)有限公司 | Permanent auxiliary material used in hermetia illucens culture feed and application method thereof |
| CN117158385B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-03-12 | 浙江三利农业科技(集团)有限公司 | Permanent auxiliary material used in hermetia illucens culture feed and application method thereof |
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