CN115735758A - Emasculation hybridization method for sunflowers - Google Patents
Emasculation hybridization method for sunflowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN115735758A CN115735758A CN202211435700.4A CN202211435700A CN115735758A CN 115735758 A CN115735758 A CN 115735758A CN 202211435700 A CN202211435700 A CN 202211435700A CN 115735758 A CN115735758 A CN 115735758A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a castration hybridization method for sunflowers, which comprises the following steps of castration by the step of controlling the temperature change of a flower bud at the initial stage of budding of a female parent strain until the flower bud blooms, collecting pollen of a male parent strain after the flower bud blooms for pollination hybridization, wherein the temperature change of the flower bud meets the following conditions: the stamen aborts, while the pistil is unaffected. The castration hybridization method utilizes the principle that stamens of crops are aborted and pistils are not affected due to high temperature in a short time, castration measures are carried out on female parent strains in breeding through artificially manufacturing a high-temperature environment, and the stamens are not required to be picked manually, so that manpower is saved, and obvious side effects on flower discs, branches and stems and pistils are not generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial pollination, in particular to a emasculation hybridization method for sunflowers.
Background
The related art of the emasculation hybridization method related to the subject matter disclosed in the present invention is disclosed in: study on male-killing effect of gibberellin on sunflower (study on male-sterility effect of chemical agent induced sunflower).
The chemical castration disclosed in the related technology usually uses gibberellin to spray in the bud initial stage of the sunflower female parent, so as to inhibit pollen differentiation, and cause physiological sterility to achieve the purpose of castration.
But the chemical agent has unstable use effect and is easy to cause chemical injury, and the adverse effects of thin and bent upper parts of stems of the sunflowers, increased plant height, smaller flower disc, narrowed and lengthened seeds and the like are caused, so the practical application is less.
Therefore, the method adopted by the prior self-line emasculation of the crops such as sunflower is generally an artificial emasculation method, but the artificial emasculation and fructification rate is lower due to the following reasons: the sunflower disc consists of about 1000 small flowers, and each small flower needs to be deeply inserted into a tubular flower by using a pair of tweezers to remove stamens before pollen is scattered on the stamens, so that stigma is left. The method has low efficiency, wastes time and labor, is easy to damage the stigma, and is easy to cause mixing due to incomplete removal of the stamens.
For the above reasons, a sunflower hybridization method with high efficiency and low side effects has been desired.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sunflower emasculation hybridization method, which aims to solve the technical problems of great side effect or more manpower consumption of the conventional sunflower emasculation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a castration hybridization method for sunflowers comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature change of a bud until the bud blooms at the early budding stage of a female parent strain, wherein the temperature change of the bud meets the following conditions: the stamens abortive, and the pistils develop; and after the flower buds bloom, pollen of the male parent strain is collected for pollination and hybridization.
Further, the step of controlling the temperature change of the flower buds specifically comprises the following steps: intermittently controlling the temperature of the flower buds to be kept between 35 and 45 ℃ in a period of time and to be kept at the ambient temperature in other periods of time.
Further, the period of time is 60 to 180 minutes in a day.
Further, the step of controlling the temperature change of the flower buds specifically comprises the following steps: sleeving a container on the outer side of the flower disc, wherein the container is made of a material which has air permeability and can absorb sunlight, and the material of the container meets the following conditions: the internal temperature of the container is 35 to 45 ℃ for 60 to 180 minutes in a solar environment at noon.
Further, the container is a black paper bag, the container having a first opening forming a bunch of mouths on the limbs connecting the flower disc.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and stopping controlling the temperature change of the buds when the tubular flower blooms to the central position of the flower disc, and covering the flower disc with an isolation mesh bag.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the container is characterized in that a lining is arranged between the container and the flower bud, the lining is a barrel-shaped piece formed by winding a sheet body, the lining has resilience force enabling the lining to restore to a flat plate shape, and the lining is abutted to the top wall and the side wall inside the container, so that the lining props the container from inside to outside.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the inner lining is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets which can independently move relative to the inner lining through cutting, at least one edge of each first elastic sheet is connected with the inner lining, the joint of each first elastic sheet is bent to form a first crease, and the first crease faces to the outer side of the inner lining and is folded in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the inner lining.
Furthermore, a second opening is formed in a position, originally provided with the first elastic sheet, of the liner, in the winding direction of the liner, at least 1 first hook piece is formed at one end of the liner through cutting, at least one edge of each first hook piece is connected with the liner, the joint of each first hook piece is bent to form a second fold, the second fold faces the outer side of the liner and is folded in the same direction as the winding direction of the liner, and 1 first hook piece is clamped with 1 second opening.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: sleeving a connecting piece on the branch connected with the flower disc, wherein the connecting piece is a cylinder and has the elasticity capable of hooping the branch and the thickness capable of being in contact with the bunching opening; the lateral wall of restrainting the mouth forms and runs through along the horizontal direction restraints the rectangle through-hole of mouth, will the rectangle through-hole with the connecting piece joint: the connecting piece is partially penetrated through the rectangular through hole, and two end faces of the connecting piece are respectively abutted against two wall faces of the rectangular through hole in the gravity direction.
This application compares with prior art and has following beneficial effect:
the castration hybridization method is characterized in that castration is performed by the step of controlling the temperature change of a flower bud at the early stage of bud emergence of a female parent strain until the flower bud blooms, pollen of a male parent strain is collected after the flower bud blooms for pollination hybridization, the castration hybridization method utilizes the principle that the high temperature in a short time can cause the abortion of the stamen of crops while the pistil is not influenced, and castration measures are performed on the female parent strain in breeding by artificially manufacturing a high-temperature environment without manually picking the stamen, so that the labor is saved, and obvious side effects on a disc, a branch and the pistil are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary and that other implementation drawings may be derived from the provided drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps performed in the method of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the process of folding a black kraft paper bag from folding to nesting on a flower disc of a sunflower;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a liner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a connector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention, with the container in a transparent state;
FIG. 5 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken in the direction B-B of FIG. 5, with a partial enlarged view thereof;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C of FIG. 5, the scale of the drawing being exaggerated;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a container according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1-a container; 11-a first opening; 12-a bundle opening; 121-rectangular through holes; 2-lining; 21-a first spring plate; 22-a first fold; 23-a second opening; 24-a first hook sheet; 25-a second fold; 3-a connector; 31-a second spring plate; 32-third fold; 33-a third opening; 34-a second hook sheet; 35-fourth fold.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
High temperature has a great negative effect on the production of various crops including sunflower, and the crop yield is affected because the stamens of the crops fail to fertilize and the pistils cannot pollinate due to the high temperature in a short time.
The castration method of this example is based on the above principle, and is used for castration of female parent in breeding by artificially creating high temperature environment.
The castration hybridization method mainly comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature change of a bud until the bud blooms at the early budding stage of a female parent strain, wherein the temperature change of the bud meets the following conditions: the stamen aborts, while the pistil is not affected; and after the flower buds bloom, pollen of the male parent strain is collected for pollination and hybridization.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the bud early stage refers to the diameter of the bud of less than 2cm.
Pollinating crosses are suitably carried out at a temperature of the flower buds of 20 to 25 ℃, usually after 16 pm.
The control method of the temperature of the flower buds can be realized by the following steps: continuously outputting hot air to the buds by using a hot air blower;
a heat source (such as an electric heating wire and a kerosene lamp) is arranged beside the flower bud, so that the temperature of air near the flower bud is increased;
the sunflowers are planted inside the greenhouse, and the temperature inside the greenhouse is increased through a heat source.
Further: the optimal temperature for sunflower blossoming and pollination is 20-25 ℃, the pollen activity is reduced when the temperature is over 30 ℃, and the normal development of stamens can be inhibited when the temperature is over 35 ℃.
On the other hand, since high temperature (less than 45 ℃) does not affect pistils for a short time, the following preferred examples are selected in order to obtain the most excellent castration effect that pistils are not affected by high temperature for a long time because the stamens are sufficiently aborted.
The step of controlling the temperature change of the flower buds specifically comprises the following steps: intermittently controlling the temperature of the flower buds to be kept between 35 and 45 ℃ in a period of time and to be kept at the ambient temperature in other periods of time.
Further: the period of time is 60 to 180 minutes in a day.
In general, the temperature of the buds is controlled within the range of 35-45 ℃ every day for 2 hours optimally, and the temperature of the buds is consistent with the ambient temperature in the other 22 hours every day.
The method can also be applied to crops except sunflowers, and can be used for obtaining the emasculation hybridization method of other crops only by obtaining the abortion temperatures of stamens and pistils of the crops through consulting data, obtaining the maximum time for which the pistils can still normally develop in the abortion temperature of the stamens through tests, and correspondingly adjusting the temperature and the time in the method.
Further: the control of the temperature of the flower buds using the heat emitted from the heat source consumes a large amount of energy, and in order to save energy, the following provides an alternative embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 9, the method comprises the following steps: sleeving a container 1 on the outer side of the flower disc, wherein the container 1 is made of a material which has air permeability and can absorb sunlight, and the material of the container 1 meets the following conditions: in a solar environment at noon, the internal temperature of the container 1 is 35 to 45 ℃ and lasts for 60 to 180 minutes.
The airtight container 1 may cause the disc of the sunflower to rot, while the temperature inside the container 1 may be too high for a long time to cause the pistil to abortion.
Optionally: the container 1 is a black paper bag, the container 1 having a first opening 11, the first opening 11 forming a bunch of mouths 12 on the limbs connecting the flower disc.
Specifically, the container 1 is a black kraft paper bag, the binding mouth 12 is formed by a stapler, and the black kraft paper bag fitted on a flower disc of sunflower can be used at noon 11: the time range of 00-15 ℃ is that the internal temperature range can reach 35-45 ℃ and can last about 120 minutes, and the air permeability is provided.
The embodiment is different from the prior bagging castration method, the bagging castration method is that a black paper bag is sleeved on flowers which can bloom on the same day, and after 15-20 minutes, the temperature of the paper bag is increased to promote the inner and outer lemmas to automatically open, so that stamens are conveniently removed.
In this embodiment, the removal of the stamen is not required.
Further: because the paper bag naturally collapses and contracts with the lapse of time, and the sunflower buds are bound by the paper bag, the internal space of the black kraft paper bag needs to be adjusted every 2-5 days to avoid the paper bag from binding the sunflower buds, thereby consuming a large amount of manpower.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an alternative embodiment is provided below, which is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 2, 4, 5 and 6, the method comprises the following steps: set up inside lining 2 between container 1 and bud, inside lining 2 is the barrel-shaped spare that forms through the coiling lamellar body, and inside lining 2 has the resilience force that makes its self resume flat plate shape, and inside roof, the lateral wall butt of inside lining 2 and container 1 to make inside lining 2 from inside to outside strut container 1.
The liner 2 props the container 1 from the inside to the outside by its own resilience, thereby preventing the container 1 from shrinking, and the container 1 restrains the liner 2 inside itself by the binding opening 12, thereby preventing the container 1 and the liner 2 from being separated.
The material of the inner liner 2 may be kraft paper having a certain elasticity and having a resilience to return to an original shape when it is rolled, or other more elastic and air-permeable materials, such as a porous plate made of spring steel, may be used for the inner liner 2.
Further: since the paper bag is usually rectangular or square and the liner 2 is a cylindrical member, which is circular or oval, a part of the paper bag cannot contact the liner 2 and the liner 2 cannot support the paper bag at these portions.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an alternative embodiment is provided below, which is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 7, the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of first elastic sheets 21 which can independently move relative to the lining 2 are formed on the lining 2 through cutting, at least one side of each first elastic sheet 21 is connected with the lining 2, the connection part is bent to form a first crease 22, and the first crease 22 faces the outer side of the lining 2 and is folded in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the lining 2.
The axis of a cylindrical part formed by the lining 2 is used as an axis, the first elastic sheets 21 are uniformly distributed around the axis, the first elastic sheets 21 are bent outwards, the first elastic sheets 21 have a movement trend of returning towards the lining 2 and being matched with the second opening 23, the lining 2 is inserted into the container 1, the first elastic sheets 21 are in contact with the inner wall of the container 1, the angle of the first elastic sheets 21 close to the corner of the container 1 is close to the axis vertical to the lining 2, the angle of the first elastic sheets 21 far away from the corner of the container 1 is close to the surface tangent with the lining 2, and therefore the lining 2 can be abutted against any part of the inner wall of the container 1 through the first elastic sheets 21.
The liner 2 and the first elastic sheet 21 both support the container 1 from inside to outside through self resilience force, so that a good supporting structure is formed, and the container 1 is prevented from shrinking inwards.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: since the sunflower is shaped like a disk, the container 1 is preferably shaped like a thin three-dimensional rectangle, and if the liner 2 can be arbitrarily expanded by its own repulsive force, it is easy to expand the container 1 so as to gradually change from the three-dimensional rectangle to a cylindrical shape, and the inner wall of the container 1 presses the disk.
The position that originally has first shell fragment 21 on inside lining 2 forms second opening 23, and in the coiling direction of inside lining 2, the one end of inside lining 2 forms at least 1 first colluding piece 24 through the cutting, and first colluding piece 24 is connected and the junction is buckled with inside lining 2 on at least one side and is formed the second crease 25, and the second crease 25 is folded towards the outside of inside lining 2 and towards the same direction with the coiling direction of inside lining 2 self, and 1 first colludes piece 24 and 1 second opening 23 joint.
On the liner 2, the number of the first elastic sheets 21 and the number of the second openings 23 are the same, the second openings 23 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the cylinder formed by the liner 2, and the first hook sheet 24 can select one of the second openings 23 to be inserted into and clamped with the second opening 23, so that the maximum diameter of the liner 2 is limited.
Further: because the paper bag is sharp, a sharp edge is generated when the first opening 11 is tightened to form the binding opening 12, and the branches of the sunflower are easily scratched.
To this end, an alternative embodiment is provided below, as described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, the method comprises the following steps: the connecting piece 3 is sleeved on the branch of the connecting flower disc, the connecting piece 3 is a cylinder, and the connecting piece 3 has elasticity capable of hooping the branch and thickness capable of contacting with the binding opening 12;
a rectangular through hole 121 penetrating through the binding opening 12 along the horizontal direction is formed in the side wall of the binding opening 12, and the rectangular through hole 121 is clamped with the connecting piece 3: the connector 3 is caused to partially pass through the rectangular through-hole 121, and both end surfaces of the connector 3 abut against both wall surfaces in the direction of gravity of the rectangular through-hole 121, respectively.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the connecting piece 3 is a cylindrical piece formed by winding a sheet body (such as kraft paper) with certain elasticity, a plurality of second elastic sheets 31 which can independently move relative to the connecting piece 3 are formed on the connecting piece 3 by cutting, at least one side of each second elastic sheet 31 is connected with the connecting piece 3, the connection part is bent to form a third folding mark 32, and the third folding mark 32 is folded towards the inner side of the connecting piece 3 and the opposite direction of the winding direction of the connecting piece 3;
a third opening 33 is formed at the position, originally provided with the first elastic sheet 21, of the connecting piece 3, in the winding direction of the connecting piece 3, one end of the connecting piece 3 is cut into at least 1 second hook sheet 34, at least one side of each second hook sheet 34 is connected with the connecting piece 3, the joint is bent to form a fourth crease 35, the fourth crease 35 faces the outer side of the connecting piece 3 and is folded in the same direction of the winding direction of the connecting piece 3, and the second hook sheets 34 are clamped with the 1 third opening 33;
the connecting element 3 has a return force which causes itself to return to the shape of a flat plate, so that the second elastic strip 31 generates a friction force which clamps the limbs and is fixed in position relative to the limbs.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: after the above steps are performed, before the seeds are harvested, the following steps are also performed: the method comprises the following steps: and stopping controlling the temperature change of the buds when the tubular flower blooms to the center position of the flower disc, and sleeving an isolation mesh bag on the flower disc.
In some of the above embodiments, the stopping of the temperature variation of the flower bud in some embodiments is the removal of the container 1, i.e. the removal of the black kraft paper bag.
The isolation mesh bag is used for isolating pollen transmission, and then the hybrid F1 generation seeds are obtained.
Through tests, three different sunflower varieties (SH 363, jingmian sunflower 1408 and Jinkui sunflower 11) are taken as test objects, 5 bagging emasculation flower discs are taken from each variety, and when a tubular flower is opened, pollen of a normal fertile plant is taken every 2 days for pollination for 1 time until the tubular flower is opened to the center of the flower disc.
The maturing rate is determined after maturation (maturing rate% = maturing seed number/total seed number x 100%), and the average maturing rate of all three varieties is more than 60% (63.7-78.2%).
Results of setting percentage test
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A castration hybridization method for sunflowers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the temperature change of a bud until the bud blooms at the early budding stage of a female parent strain, wherein the temperature of the bud meets the following conditions: the stamens abortive, and the pistils develop;
and after the flower buds bloom, pollen of the male parent strain is collected for pollination and hybridization.
2. The emasculation hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 1,
the step of controlling the temperature change of the flower buds specifically comprises the following steps:
intermittently controlling the temperature of the flower buds to be kept between 35 and 45 ℃ in a period of time, and keeping the temperature of the flower buds to be the ambient temperature in other periods of time.
3. The castration hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 2,
the period of time is 60 to 180 minutes in a day.
4. The emasculation hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 1,
the step of controlling the temperature change of the flower buds specifically comprises the following steps:
sleeving a container on the outer side of the flower disc, wherein the container is made of a material which has air permeability and can absorb sunlight, and the material of the container meets the following conditions:
in a solar environment at noon, the internal temperature of the container is 35 to 45 ℃ and lasts for 60 to 180 minutes.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the sunflower is emasculated and hybridized,
the container is a black paper bag, the container having a first opening forming a bunch of openings on the limbs connecting the flower disc.
6. A method for emasculation hybridization of sunflower according to any of claims 1-5,
the method comprises the following steps:
and stopping controlling the temperature change of the buds when the tubular flower blooms to the center of the flower disc, and sleeving an isolation mesh bag on the flower disc.
7. The castration hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 5,
the method comprises the following steps:
the container is characterized in that a lining is arranged between the container and the flower bud, the lining is a barrel-shaped piece formed by winding a sheet body, the lining has resilience force enabling the lining to restore to a flat plate shape, and the lining is abutted to the top wall and the side wall inside the container, so that the lining props the container from inside to outside.
8. The castration hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 7,
the method comprises the following steps:
the inner lining is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets which can independently move relative to the inner lining through cutting, at least one edge of each first elastic sheet is connected with the inner lining, the joint of each first elastic sheet is bent to form a first crease, and the first crease faces to the outer side of the inner lining and is folded in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the inner lining.
9. The emasculation hybridization method for sunflower according to claim 8,
the position that originally has first shell fragment on the inside lining forms the second opening in the direction of convoluteing of inside lining, the one end of inside lining forms 1 at least first colluding the piece through the cutting, first collude the piece at least one side with the inside lining is connected and the junction is buckled in order to form the second crease, the second crease orientation the outside of inside lining and towards with the same direction of the convoluteing direction of inside lining self is folding, 1 first colluding the piece with 1 second opening joint.
10. A castration hybridization method for sunflower according to any one of claims 5 and 7-9,
the method comprises the following steps:
sleeving a connecting piece on the branch connected with the flower disc, wherein the connecting piece is a cylinder and has the elasticity capable of hooping the branch and the thickness capable of being in contact with the bunching opening;
the lateral wall of restrainting the mouth forms and runs through along the horizontal direction the rectangle through-hole of restrainting the mouth will the rectangle through-hole with the connecting piece joint: the connecting piece is partially penetrated through the rectangular through hole, and two end faces of the connecting piece are respectively abutted against two wall faces of the rectangular through hole in the gravity direction.
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| CN202211435700.4A CN115735758A (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Emasculation hybridization method for sunflowers |
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| CN202211435700.4A CN115735758A (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Emasculation hybridization method for sunflowers |
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| JPS645435A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-10 | Yasushi Yamada | High-temperature emasculation hybridization |
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2022
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| JPS645435A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-10 | Yasushi Yamada | High-temperature emasculation hybridization |
| CN202931894U (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-05-15 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Entomophilous flower hybridization isolation hood |
| CN104255439A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-07 | 河北双星种业有限公司 | Artificial emasculation method for sunflowers |
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