CN115715565A - Microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115715565A CN115715565A CN202211475592.3A CN202211475592A CN115715565A CN 115715565 A CN115715565 A CN 115715565A CN 202211475592 A CN202211475592 A CN 202211475592A CN 115715565 A CN115715565 A CN 115715565A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the functional microalgae nutrient supplement is granules prepared from raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros, and the mass content of the chlorella in the raw materials is 20-40% and the mass content of the chaetoceros is 60-80%. The invention does not change the conventional commercial feed formula, avoids the phenomenon of fatty liver caused by excessive addition of fat and starch to the parent fish, takes the nutrition enhancer containing chlorella and chaetoceros as a functional nutrition product additionally supplemented outside the feed, the functional nutrition enhancer is rich in digestible protein, LC-n-3HUFA, polysaccharide, vitamin, trace elements and beta-carotene, and can obviously improve the reproductive performance of the parent fish of the sturgeon when the sturgeon is fed; the preparation method prepares the nutrition enhancer granules or tablets which have compact structures and are difficult to dissolve in water through a special low-temperature process, and simultaneously ensures that the structure of the heat-sensitive substance DHA is not damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feeding, and particularly relates to a functional microalgae nutrition enhancer for fish, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Sturgeons are important economic fishes in the world, chinese sturgeon culture accounts for more than 80% of sturgeon culture in the world, and rapid growth tendency is presented. The nutrition of the parent sturgeon has important effects on improving the egg laying amount, the egg and fry quality, the growth and survival of the fry and the like. However, the conventional sturgeon compound feed has the disadvantages that the fat composition is inappropriate, and the fat content of female sturgeon fish bodies is excessive due to the overhigh content of alpha-starch serving as the binding effect, the phenomenon of egg-in-oil phenomenon is prominent, the reproductive performance such as the egg laying amount and the egg quality of sturgeons is seriously influenced, and the quality of commercial sturgeons and caviar is influenced.
At present, some researches have been carried out to adjust sturgeon feed in order to improve the reproductive performance of sturgeon parent fish. Chinese patent document with publication number CN201711135608.5 provides a sturgeon female parent fish compound feed which is used for female parent fish, and mainly reduces the use amount of fish meal by adding oligopeptide protein content to reduce the breeding cost and improve the food calling property and the nutrition. However, the application of the patent to the male fish individual is not reported. Chinese patent document with publication number CN201811603940.4 provides sinking expanded compound feed for parent sturgeon, which mainly adopts a mode of protein sources and fat sources from fish meal, chicken meal, bean pulp, fish oil and the like, and adds wall-broken beer yeast powder, schizochytrium, astaxanthin and marigold extracts, so that the utilization rate of nucleotide, oligosaccharide and the like in yeast is improved, the color and quality of egg yolk are improved, the quality of caviar is improved, and in addition, the bile acid is added to effectively prevent the fatty liver of sturgeon aiming at the excessive fat content of the parent sturgeon.
The n-3HUFA is n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, and researches show that the health condition of sturgeons can be improved and the reproductive performance of the sturgeons can be improved by adding the n-3HUFA in a feed formula. However, the high-quality feed is generally produced by adopting an extrusion and expansion process, the processing temperature is about 140-160 ℃, and the functional characteristics of the n-3HUFA are seriously damaged at the temperature because the n-3HUFA is a heat-sensitive substance, so that the n-3HUFA is difficult to be directly added into a feed formula and subjected to extrusion, expansion and granulation at present. If the heat-sensitive substance (namely n-3 HUFA) is directly added into the feed and the extrusion and expansion temperature is reduced (about 100 ℃), the reduction of the temperature not only causes the curing degree, sanitation and safety of the feed to be reduced, but also causes partial DHA functionality to be damaged. Although the vacuum post-spraying process can ensure that the heat-sensitive substances are not damaged, the addition amount is limited and the solid n-3HUFA carrier substance needs to be sprayed in a liquid way, so that the solid n-3HUFA carrier substance is difficult to be added into the granulated feed. In addition, the liquid substances added into the feed particles in a vacuum spraying mode can leak to a certain extent in the processes of transportation, storage and feeding, so that loss is caused.
Therefore, the problem of how to solve the problem of adding the solid powder DHA carrier raw material into the sturgeon formula and improve the reproductive performance of sturgeon parent fish is the problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the structure of a feed can be damaged by high temperature in the extrusion and expansion process of the feed when n-3HUFA capable of improving the reproductive performance of sturgeons is directly added into the feed formula, and the structure of the feed can be damaged by high temperature in the vacuum post-spraying process, and a solid n-3HUFA carrier cannot be added into a pellet feed when the vacuum post-spraying method is adopted, wherein the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, the preparation method and the application thereof are provided, the phenomenon of fatty liver caused by excessive addition of fat and starch to parent fish is avoided without changing the conventional commercial feed, and a nutrition enhancer containing chlorella and chaetoceros is taken as an additionally supplemented functional nutrition product outside the feed, is rich in digestible protein, LC-n-3HUFA, polysaccharide, vitamins, trace elements and beta-carotene, and can be used for feeding the parent sturgeons and obviously improving the reproductive performance of the parent fish; the preparation method prepares the nutrition enhancer granules or tablets with compact structure and difficult dissolution in water by a special low-temperature process, and ensures that the structure of the heat-sensitive substance DHA is not damaged.
In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish, which is a granule made of a raw material containing 20% to 40% by mass of chlorella and 60% to 80% by mass of chaetoceros.
Preferably, the raw material consists of 20-40% of chlorella and 60-80% of Chaetoceros by mass.
Preferably, the raw materials consist of chlorella and chaetoceros, the mass content of the chlorella is 30%, and the mass content of the chaetoceros is 70%.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, comprising:
s1, mixing the raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros;
s2, adding water into the mixed raw materials for tempering;
s3, carrying out extrusion, puffing and granulating on the material obtained after tempering;
and S4, drying the granules obtained by extrusion, expansion and granulation to obtain the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish.
Preferably, after the quenching and tempering in the step S2 are finished, the moisture content of the quenched and tempered raw material is 33% to 37%.
Preferably, in step S3, a twin-screw extruder is used for extrusion and expansion granulation, and when the extrusion and expansion are carried out, a steam heating system of the twin-screw extruder is closed, and the temperature of each zone of the twin-screw extruder is ensured not to exceed 50 ℃ through condensed water circulation.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish in fish culture.
Preferably, the fish is sturgeon.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving the reproductive performance of parent sturgeon, comprising: feeding sturgeon parent fish with the feed, and additionally supplementing and feeding the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish avoids the phenomenon of fatty liver caused by excessive addition of fat and starch to parent fish in the period of the parent fish on the basis of not changing conventional commercial feed, and the raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros are prepared into the nutrition enhancer to be used as a functional nutrition product additionally supplemented outside the feed.
The preparation method of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish adopts an extrusion and puffing mode to pelletize, and the extrusion and puffing can provide sufficient shearing and mixing acting force, so that the uniformity and stability of the tissue structure of the pelletized raw materials are ensured, the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer has good durability and stability in water, and the loss of the materials in the processes of storage, transportation and feeding is reduced; the granules or tablets which are compact in structure and not easy to dissolve in water are formed through a special low-temperature process, so that DHA function loss caused by overhigh temperature is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows microalgae functional nutrition enhancer particles prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The n-3HUFA can improve the health condition of sturgeons and improve the reproductive performance, and in order to improve the reproductive performance of sturgeon parent fish, the conventional thought is to add the n-3HUFA or a carrier thereof into a sturgeon feed formula, but high-quality feed is generally produced by an extrusion and expansion process, the processing temperature is about 140-160 ℃, and the functional characteristics of the heat-sensitive substance n-3HUFA can be seriously damaged at the temperature, so that the heat-sensitive substance n-3HUFA is difficult to be directly added into the feed formula and subjected to extrusion, expansion and granulation. If the temperature of the extruded and puffed feed is reduced (about 100 ℃), the reduction of the temperature can reduce the curing degree, sanitation and safety of the feed, and part of the DHA functionality can still be destroyed. The solid n-3HUFA carrier substance is difficult to be added into the granulated feed by adopting a vacuum post-spraying process, and liquid substances in the feed granules are leaked to a certain extent in the processes of transportation, storage and feeding to cause loss.
Therefore, according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a functional microalgae nutrition enhancer for fish is provided, wherein the functional microalgae nutrition enhancer is a granule made of a raw material containing chlorella and chaetoceros, and the raw material contains 20% to 40% of chlorella by mass and 60% to 80% of chaetoceros by mass.
Wherein, the chlorella is a novel high protein obtained by heterotrophic ultra-high density culture, and is a protein source with high biomass and low production cost; chaetoceros is a functional feed raw material which is cultured by autotrophy and can be produced in a large scale, contains various vitamins, trace elements, fucoxanthin and other natural beta-carotene with antioxidant function besides protein and highly unsaturated fatty acid, but the application of the Chaetoceros in fish feed is rarely reported at present. The term "comprising" as used herein means that the microalgae functional nutrient enhancer may also comprise small amounts of other components, such as impurities, which do not affect the effectiveness of the enhancer.
According to the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish provided by the embodiment of the invention, on the basis of not changing conventional commercial feed, the phenomenon of fatty liver caused by excessive addition of fat and starch to the parent fish is avoided, the raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros are prepared into the nutrition enhancer, and the nutrition enhancer is used as a functional nutrition product additionally supplemented outside the feed, and the functional nutrition enhancer is rich in digestible protein, LC-n-3HUFA, polysaccharide, vitamins, trace elements and beta-carotene, is used for feeding the parent fish of sturgeon, and can obviously improve the reproductive performance of the parent fish of sturgeon.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 20-40% of chlorella and 60-80% of chaetoceros by mass.
The chlorella and chaetoceros contain different types and contents of substances such as protein, starch, fat and the like, the processing characteristics of the substances directly influence the forming effect, durability, stability in water and other physical qualities of products in the extrusion processing process, and the products produced by processing the two raw materials according to the proportion have uniform appearance and good durability and stability in water. More importantly, the relative ratio of the functional nutrition enhancer and the sturgeon can influence the effect of the functional nutrition enhancer on improving the health condition and reproductive performance of the sturgeon parent fish. The Chaetoceros is rich in LC-n-3HUFA, polysaccharide, vitamins, trace elements, beta-carotene and other nutrients, and the test result shows that 60-80% of the Chaetoceros has different improving effects on the reproductive performance of parent fishes and the growth and health of young fishes. Therefore, in order to give consideration to the processing quality and the culture effect of the product, the mass content of the chlorella is 20-40%, and the mass content of the chaetoceros is 60-80%.
Preferably, the raw material consists of chlorella and chaetoceros, the mass content of the chlorella is 30 percent, and the mass content of the chaetoceros is 70 percent.
When the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted, the forming effect of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer is optimal, the granule durability and the stability in water are highest, the reproductive performance of parent fish and the growth and health improvement effect of young and young fish are most obvious, and the cost is lowest.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of the above microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, comprising:
s1, mixing the raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros;
s2, adding water into the mixed raw materials for tempering;
s3, carrying out extrusion, puffing and granulating on the material obtained after tempering;
and S4, drying the granules obtained by extrusion, expansion and granulation to obtain the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish.
The conventional granulation process usually adopts an extrusion granulation method, and the preparation method of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts an extrusion and puffing method to granulate, the extrusion and puffing method can provide sufficient shearing and kneading acting force, ensure the uniformity and stability of the tissue structure of the granulated raw materials, ensure the raw materials to have good durability and water stability, and reduce the loss of substances in the processes of storage, transportation and feeding.
In some embodiments, the specific mixing method and mixing container of the raw materials including chlorella and chaetoceros in step S1 are not limited, and it is preferable that the mixing of the raw materials including chlorella and chaetoceros is performed in a mixer to make the raw materials more uniform.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the chlorella and chaetoceros are preferably in the form of powdery granules that are micronized and sieved through a 100 mesh sieve.
In some embodiments, the specific mixing time of the raw materials comprising chlorella and chaetoceros in step S1 is not limited as long as the raw materials are uniformly mixed.
In some embodiments, the temperature for tempering the mixed raw material in step S2 is not particularly limited as long as the structure and function of the effective components in the raw material are not changed, and preferably, the tempering is performed at room temperature (25 to 30 ℃).
In some embodiments, in step S2, after tempering, the optional range of the tempered moisture content of the raw material is wider, further, compared with the conventional extruded and puffed feed processing, the preparation method of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish in the embodiment of the present invention requires a higher tempered moisture content, when the moisture content is too low, the pellets are difficult to form, and when the moisture content is too high, the materials are adhered and agglomerated, and the feeding process is likely to cause machine blockage, thereby seriously reducing the pelletizing efficiency, preferably, in step S2, after tempering, the tempered moisture content of the raw material is 33% to 37%. The hardening and tempering water content can ensure the bonding strength and the appearance quality among the powdery raw material micro particles of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish in the embodiment of the invention, so that the powdery raw material micro particles are not easy to dissolve in water.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the equipment used for the extrusion granulation is not particularly limited, and may be selected as long as the existing equipment can perform the extrusion granulation process. Preferably, in step S3, a twin-screw extruder is used for extrusion, expansion and granulation. Further preferably, when extrusion puffing is carried out, a steam heating system of the double-screw puffing machine is closed, and the temperature of each zone of the double-screw puffing machine is ensured not to exceed 50 ℃ through condensed water circulation. Extrusion bulking process can be because friction produces the heat, consequently in the course of working, closes steam heating system to carry out temperature control in to bulking machine through cooling water circulation system, can be when making likepowder mixed raw materials form the granule, avoid causing DHA loss of function because the high temperature.
The third aspect of the embodiment of the invention provides an application of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish in fish culture.
In some embodiments, the fish is not particularly limited, and preferably, the fish is sturgeon.
A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving reproductive performance of parent sturgeon, including: feeding sturgeon parent fish with the feed, and additionally supplementing and feeding the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish.
Examples
Example 1
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The preparation method of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing raw materials: mixing solid powdery raw materials of chlorella and chaetoceros in a mixer according to the mass content, and micronizing the chlorella and the chaetoceros and sieving the mixture with a 100-mesh sieve for 180s;
s2, hardening and tempering: adding water into the mixed raw materials at room temperature (25-30 ℃) for tempering for 180s to ensure that the moisture content of the tempered raw materials reaches 35%, and directly feeding the raw materials into a bulking machine through a feeder for low-temperature granulation;
s3, extruding, puffing and granulating: and (2) granulating the mixed material obtained after tempering in a double-screw extruder, closing a steam heating system of the extruder, ensuring that the temperature of each area of the main machine does not exceed 50 ℃ through condensed water circulation, fully keeping the functional activity of DHA and carrier substances thereof, ensuring that the pore diameter of a template of the extruder is 9mm, and enabling the die-out particles to be close to sheets (as shown in figure 1) through adjusting the rotating speed of a cutter so as to facilitate feeding, thereby obtaining the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish.
Example 2
The microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 20% by mass of chlorella and 80% by mass of Chaetoceros, and the preparation method thereof is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 40% by mass of chlorella and 60% by mass of Chaetoceros, and the specific steps of the preparation method are the same as those of example 1.
Example 4
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The remaining steps of the preparation method are the same as in example 1, with the difference that: the moisture content of the quenched and tempered product was 33%.
Example 5
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The remaining steps of the preparation method are the same as in example 1, with the difference that: the moisture content of the quenched and tempered product is 37%.
Example 6
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The remaining steps of the preparation method are the same as in example 1, with the difference that: the moisture content of the quenched and tempered product is 30%.
Example 7
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The remaining steps of the preparation method are the same as in example 1, with the following differences: the moisture content of the quenched and tempered product is 40%.
Example 8
The functional microalgae nutrient supplement for fish of the present example is a granule composed of 30% by mass of chlorella and 70% by mass of chaetoceros.
The remaining steps of the preparation method are the same as in example 1, with the difference that: in the step S3, a steam heating system of the double-screw extruder is not closed, and the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is not controlled by using the circulation of condensed water.
Table 1 below shows physical quality indexes of the functional nutrient supplement for microalgae obtained in each example, and it can be seen that the functional nutrient supplement for microalgae obtained in each example of the present invention has good heat-sensitive substance retention rate, granule durability and stability in water, wherein in the preparation process of example 8, the steam heating system of the twin-screw bulking machine is not closed, and the temperature of each region of the twin-screw bulking machine is not controlled by using the circulation of condensed water, so that the heat-sensitive substance retention rate is low; compared with examples 1, 4 and 5, examples 6 and 7 have different tempering moisture contents, and the granule durability and the water stability of the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer of examples 1, 4 and 5 are obviously better than those of examples 6 and 7; in example 1, the content of chlorella and chaetoceros is different from that in examples 2 and 3, and the granule durability and the stability in water of the functional microalgae nutrition enhancer of example 1 are better, which is the most preferable embodiment.
Table 1 physical quality of the product of each example
Application of functional nutrition enhancer for microalgae
Cultivation test
By adding the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer obtained in each embodiment and not adding the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for fish, research and verification are carried out on a female parent of sturgeon in a breeding season and a filial generation of the female parent and the siberian sturgeon, and the experimental design is as follows:
the experiment was divided into nine groups, namely functional microalgae nutrition-enriched groups of example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5, example 6, example 7 and example 8 and a control group without functional microalgae nutrition enrichment. The test group is carried out in an outdoor cement pond of a test base at the south of the academy of agricultural sciences of China, female and male acipenser schrencki fish which are selectively mature and do not lay eggs in the current year are taken as test objects, and other parent fishes in a fishing ground are taken as a control. Wherein the female parent fish of the test group has 46 tails and the male fish has 30 tails, and the stocking density is 12kg/m 2 The parent fish of the control group and the experimental group are 8:00 and 15:00 full feed was fed 2 times with the same commercial parent fish feed, and examples 1-8 were otherwise performed in groups of 11:00 and 18:00 feeding functional microalgae nutrition-strengthening particles with the weight of 1 percent, and continuously culturing for 11 months. During the test, the water temperature is 13-15 ℃, the pH =7.5-8.0, and ammonia nitrogen<0.3mg/L of the water meets the fishery water standard.
Artificial breeding
Through the observation of the gonads of the parent fishes in the initial stage, the parent fishes with mature gonads are selected for artificial induced spawning, the parent fishes injected with the induced spawning drugs are placed in a designated culture pond, and the examination is regularly carried out. During the regular inspection, when dozens of eggs can be extruded from the belly of the parent fish by light pressure, the parent fish is transferred into a water tank containing ethyl m-aminobenzoate methane sulfonate solution for anesthesia as soon as possible, after the anesthesia, the parent fish is placed on an operating table for operation and egg taking, and the operation and egg taking method refers to Zhuhua and the like (2014) for operation and egg taking. Semen collection is similar to egg collection, and when the abdomen of the male fish is lightly pressed, if milky semen flows out, the semen can be sucked by a catheter. And (3) carrying out artificial fertilization on the collected eggs and semen of different test groups, placing the fertilized eggs and semen in corresponding hatchers, and marking. The water temperature of the induced spawning is 13-16 ℃, the water temperature of the incubator is maintained at 16 +/-1 mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is 6 +/-1 mg/L, the pH value is =7.5, and the circulation of the skip bucket water sprayer is carried out for 2 times per minute.
Sample collection and sample analysis
During the propagation of parent fish, 100 eggs per female were randomly selected for measurement of egg diameter and egg weight, respectively. The semen is detected by adopting a computer aided sperm analysis system (CASA), and the CASA can accurately detect the sperm motility rate, the sperm density, the average sperm curvilinear motion speed, the average sperm linear motion speed and the average sperm path motion speed.
After hatching the fertilized eggs for three days, nine groups of the larvae were transferred to a circulating water system, each treatment was randomly assigned to 3 replicates, and 800 tails were placed in each tank. The circulating water system is operated and kept at 0.4L/s, DO is more than 7mg/L, and the temperature is kept at 20 +/-2 ℃. Starting 7 days (dph) after hatching, sturgeon parrs began to swim to the water surface and observed for foraging behavior. From 7 to 12 days of age, each group of larvae fed with homemade pellet feed containing 49% crude protein and 13% crude fat every 2 hours. Thereafter, the feeding frequency was reduced to 6 times per day until 32 days of age. All dead fish were weighed and recorded. After 32 days of age, the young fishes are fasted for 24 hours before the experiment is finished, all the tested fishes are anesthetized and weighed, 10 tested fishes are randomly selected from each barrel, the body length is measured by a vernier caliper, and the body length and the body weight of the 7-day-old young fishes are used as initial values to calculate the growth performance of each group.
Analysis of results
Table 2 shows the comparison of various performance parameters of fish meal and chlorella, and it can be seen from table 2 that the chlorella raw material adopted in the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer formula of the embodiment of the invention has higher water absorption and viscosity characteristics and the like compared with fish meal, and granular products with good durability and water stability can be obtained by mixing, tempering, extrusion granulation and drying, so that the problem of adding a powdery DHA carrier raw material in a sturgeon formula is solved.
TABLE 2
| Fish meal | Chlorella vulgaris | |
| Volume weight/g/L | 551.00±1.42 | 553.00±10.70 |
| Fluidity/° C | 69.50±0.72 | 66.91±0.30 |
| Water absorption/% | 137.00±0.54 | 247.00±3.54 |
| Water solubility/%) | 3.33±0.04 | 13.90±1.18 |
| Water soluble protein/%) | 13.60±0.14 | 28.80±0.14 |
| Peak viscosity/cp | 36.70±2.19 | 216.00±3.61 |
| Final viscosity/cp | 17.70±0.33 | 308.00±1.67 |
Table 3 is the effect of feeding the microalgal functional nutrition enhancer of each of the above examples on fertility and egg quality of female parent sturgeon (n = 100). As can be seen from table 3, the relative pregnancy rate, egg diameter and egg weight average of the parent fish of the test group to which the microalgae functional nutrient supplement of each example was added were significantly higher than those of the parent fish of the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3
| Relative pregnancy egg rate g/kg | Diameter of egg is mm | Egg weight mg | |
| Example 1 | 132.88±11.23 c | 3.37±0.02 d | 16.00±0.01 c |
| Example 2 | 131.12±7.56 c | 3.38±0.02 d | 15.86±0.05 c |
| Example 3 | 121.47±10.36 bc | 3.25±0.01 c | 15.70±0.01 c |
| Example 4 | 132.67±5.47 c | 3.36±0.01 d | 15.54±0.04 c |
| Example 5 | 134.25±4.44 c | 3.38±0.02 d | 16.05±0.03 c |
| Example 6 | 130.26±9.45 c | 3.37±0.03 d | 16.32±0.16 d |
| Example 7 | 124.25±7.41 bc | 3.38±0.02 d | 15.74±0.04 c |
| Example 8 | 105.51±5.32 b | 3.20±0.01 b | 15.09±0.03 b |
| Control group | 86.25±10.53 a | 3.15±0.01 a | 14.50±0.01 a |
Table 4 shows the effect of feeding the functional nutrition enhancer for microalgae according to the above examples on sperm quality of male parent fish of sturgeon. As can be seen from Table 4, the sperm quality of the parent fish in the test group to which the functional nutrient supplement for microalgae of each example was added was significantly higher than that of the parent fish in the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4
Tables 5 and 6 show the effect of feeding the functional nutrition enhancer for microalgae according to the above embodiments on the fertilization rate, hatchability and growth index of the young sturgeons. The fertilization rate, the hatchability and the growth index of the sturgeon are obviously higher than those of the parent fish of the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A functional microalgae nutrition enhancer for fish is characterized in that:
the functional microalgae nutrition enhancer is granules prepared from raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros, wherein the mass content of the chlorella in the raw materials is 20-40%, and the mass content of the chaetoceros is 60-80%.
2. The microalgae functional nutrient enhancer for fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the raw materials comprise 20-40% of chlorella and 60-80% of chaetoceros by mass.
3. The microalgae functional nutrient enhancer for fish according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the raw materials comprise chlorella and Chaetoceros, wherein the mass content of the chlorella is 30 percent, and the mass content of the Chaetoceros is 70 percent.
4. A method for preparing a microalgae functional nutrient supplement for fish as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
s1, mixing the raw materials containing chlorella and chaetoceros;
s2, adding water into the mixed raw materials for tempering;
s3, carrying out extrusion, puffing and granulating on the material obtained after tempering;
and S4, drying the granules obtained by extrusion, expansion and granulation to obtain the microalgae functional nutrition enhancer for the fish.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
and after the step S2, the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to 33-37%.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
and S3, carrying out extrusion and puffing granulation by using a double-screw extruder, closing a steam heating system of the double-screw extruder during extrusion and puffing, and ensuring that the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder does not exceed 50 ℃ through condensed water circulation.
7. Use of the microalgae functional nutrient supplement for fish of any one of claims 1-3 in fish farming.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the fish is sturgeon.
9. A method for improving the reproductive performance of parent sturgeon is characterized by comprising the following steps: feeding sturgeon parent fish with a feed and additionally supplementing feeding with a microalgal functional nutrition enhancer for fish according to any one of claims 1-3.
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