CN111513208A - Low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention provides a low fish meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound feed comprises the following components: 200-300 parts of steam fish meal, 100-300 parts of yeast protein, 100-200 parts of fishbone powder, 200 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 80 parts of corn starch, 50 parts of antarctic krill powder, 20 parts of refined fish oil, 3 parts of lysine, 1 part of methionine, 4 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides and 8 parts of composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides. According to the nutritional requirements and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the largemouth bass juvenile fish, the invention selects high-quality raw materials and adds the single-cell protein, so that the problems of abnormal liver metabolism and the like of the fry can not be caused by long-term ingestion, the growth speed and the survival rate of the fry can be obviously improved, the using amount of fish meal is reduced, the culture cost is reduced, and the water body pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed, in particular to a low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The micropterus salmoides are high-quality freshwater fishes, have the advantages of strong adaptability, quick growth, easy capture, short culture period and the like, are delicious and tender in meat quality, have no muscle stabs, are attractive in appearance and are popular with culturists and consumers. The annual output of Chinese micropterus salmoides is kept about 15 ten thousand tons all the time, wherein Guangdong province is the main breeding place of micropterus salmoides, and the annual output accounts for more than 60 percent of the total domestic output in China. The micropterus salmoides are omnivorous fishes mainly eaten with meat, initial feed of newly hatched fry is rotifer and nauplius larva, the juvenile fishes mainly eat cladocera and the juvenile fishes mainly eat copepods. Juvenile fish with the length of 3.5 cm starts to eat small fish, and the phenomenon of self-phase cannibalism is often caused when food is deficient. The predatory property is strong, the food intake is large, when the water temperature is above 25 ℃, the food intake of the young fish can reach 50 percent of the body weight of the adult fish, and the food intake of the adult fish can reach 20 percent.
At present, the feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish is commercialized, however, as the main source of protein in the feed, the quality of domestic fish meal cannot meet the requirement all the time, so a large amount of fish meal needs to be imported from abroad every year, 146 million tons of fish meal are imported in 2018, the total import amount is 22.2 hundred million dollars, and compared with 2017, the unit price of the imported fish meal rises by 8 percent. Feed workers in China are continuously researching and exploring low-fish-meal daily feed and non-fish-meal daily feed, wherein thalli obtained by microbial fermentation can be used as a potential fish meal substitute due to high protein content.
Yarrowia lipolytica is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as such a microorganism and is widely used in the Food industry. Researchers find that yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein can be produced by using glycerol waste as a substrate, the content of the protein obtained by fermentation is 45% -49%, and the content of lysine, serine and proline in the produced product is far higher than that of egg protein. The single cell protein is rich in nutrition, can enhance the immunity of the organism, and can be used as an extremely excellent fungus protein feed for livestock, poultry, fish and the like. Yarrowia lipolytica is a kind of oleaginous microorganism, namely, a large amount of grease can be accumulated in vivo, so the yarrowia lipolytica is used for producing single-cell grease, and researches show that the bio-oil is produced by using glucose as a substrate, when the mass concentration of the glucose is 40g/L, the obtained biomass is 31g/L, and the grease content is 12.4g/L (accounting for about 40 percent of the total biomass).
The fishbone powder is prepared by drying and crushing fishbones produced by sea fish after processing, is mainly used as an additive of various feeds, has the function of supplementing calcium and protein, has much higher calcium content than the fishbone powder, and can promote the bone growth of animals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of steam fish meal, 100-300 parts of yeast protein, 100-200 parts of fishbone powder, 200 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 80 parts of corn starch, 50 parts of antarctic krill powder, 20 parts of refined fish oil, 3 parts of lysine, 1 part of methionine, 4 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides and 8 parts of composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides.
The steamed fish meal is Peru steamed fish meal with protein content of more than 68%.
The yeast protein is yarrowia lipolytica single cell protein.
The fishbone powder is salmon fishbone powder.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the low fish meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, respectively carrying out coarse screening (generally 100 meshes) on steam fish meal, yeast protein, fish bone meal, corn starch, soybean protein concentrate, antarctic krill meal, lysine, methionine, choline chloride and composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides and composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides, and then proportionally loading into a mixing machine for fully mixing;
(2) pouring the uniformly mixed raw materials into an ultramicro container for carrying out ultramicro crushing, and generally crushing to 10-25 microns;
(3) fully and uniformly mixing the superfine crushed raw materials with the refined fish oil;
(4) blending the mixed raw materials, adding water during blending, and fully mixing;
(5) adding the uniformly mixed raw materials into a double-screw extruder for wet-process extrusion;
(6) and (4) putting the puffed feed into an oven for drying, cooling, and bagging.
The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In some embodiments, Peru steam fish meal with a protein content >68% is obtained from Withaea herdsource aquatic products, Inc., Mahalanobis fishbone meal is obtained from Dalian island group, soy protein concentrate is obtained from Shandong Changrun biologics, Inc., corn starch is obtained from Jinnan Chunlufufu commercial and Inc., Euphausia superba powder is obtained from Qingdao Kangyuan marine biotechnology, Inc., refined fish oil is obtained from Canada marine nutrition, lysine, methionine is obtained from the national pharmaceuticals group, choline chloride is obtained from CAS:67-48-1, composite multimineral for Perch and composite multimineral for Perch is obtained from Withasea Intelligence forest biotechnology, Inc.,
the yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein used in the invention is obtained by fermentation of commercially available yarrowia lipolytica, in some embodiments, the yarrowia lipolytica is obtained from China center for Industrial culture Collection of microorganisms under the product name CICC32520, yarrowia lipolytica, and the yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein required in the invention is produced by fermentation by the following method:
the capacity of 100L of fermentation tank culture medium is 40L; the rotation speed is maintained at 500 rpm; the ventilation flow is adjusted according to the tank pressure and the dissolved oxygen; the pressure of the fermentation tank is kept at 0.06 MPa; growth was carried out by consuming glycerol from the medium within 12h after inoculation with yarrowia lipolytica, followed by feeding 50% glycerol (m/v) (10L) as sole carbon source. The percentage of dissolved oxygen in the culture medium is 25%, the pH is controlled at 5.5 by 50% ammonia water, and the fermentation time is 60 h. And after the fermentation is finished, centrifuging to obtain cell sediment, washing twice by using distilled water, centrifuging again to obtain the cell sediment, and freeze-drying to obtain the yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the nutritional requirements and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the largemouth bass juvenile fish, the invention selects high-quality raw materials and adds the single-cell protein, so that the problems of abnormal liver metabolism and the like of the fry can not be caused by long-term ingestion, the growth speed and the survival rate of the fry can be obviously improved, the using amount of fish meal is reduced, the culture cost is reduced, and the water body pollution is reduced.
The invention adopts a combined process of coarse screening, premixing, ultramicro crushing and blending and mixing in the preparation of the feed, realizes the sufficient mixing of materials on the basis of ensuring the crushing fineness of the raw materials, and meets the requirements of the aquatic feed granulation process.
The double-screw puffing machine granulation process is adopted, the modulation time is prolonged, the curing degree of the material is improved, the pressure and the temperature of the material in a compression melting section and a screw groove space are reduced, the material is discharged from a puffing cavity, and when the material is extruded instantly through a die hole, the material is puffed according to a proper proportion.
The process has good curing uniformity, can reduce the damage of high temperature to nutrient substances, and the prepared granules have good storage stability, are not easy to deteriorate and can float on the water surface for a long time without decomposition after being fed. According to the latest development of research on nutrition requirements and feed research of largemouth black bass young fishes by current scientific research institutions and researchers of the enterprises, the invention determines that the yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein can be used as a substitute of part of fish meal through feeding experiments, and the bone meal of the salmon fish contains rich mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus and the like, so that the growth and nutrition requirements of the largemouth black bass young fishes can be met.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following components: 200 g of Peru steam fish meal with protein content of more than 68%, 300 g of yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein, 100 g of salmon fish bone meal, 200 g of soybean protein concentrate, 80 g of corn starch, 50 g of antarctic krill meal, 20 g of refined fish oil, 3 g of lysine, 1g of methionine, 4g of choline chloride, 4g of composite multivitamin for Micropterus salmoides and 8 g of composite polymineral for Micropterus salmoides.
The preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth bass of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
steam fish meal, yeast protein, fish bone meal, corn starch, soybean protein concentrate, antarctic krill meal, lysine, methionine, choline chloride, composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides, and composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides are subjected to coarse screening, then the materials are put into a mixing machine according to the proportion and are fully mixed, then the materials are poured into an ultramicro container for ultramicro crushing, the materials subjected to ultramicro crushing are fully mixed with refined fish oil, the mixed materials are prepared, water is added during preparation, the materials are fully mixed, and then the materials are added into a double-screw extruder for wet process expansion; and (3) putting the expanded feed (particles with the diameter of 0.5 mm) into an oven for drying, cooling and bagging to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass.
Example 2
The low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following components: 300 g of Peru steam fish meal with protein content of more than 68%, 200 g of yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein, 100 g of salmon fish bone meal, 200 g of soybean protein concentrate, 80 g of corn starch, 50 g of antarctic krill meal, 20 g of refined fish oil, 3 g of lysine, 1g of methionine, 4g of choline chloride, 4g of composite multivitamin for Micropterus salmoides and 8 g of composite polymineral for Micropterus salmoides.
The preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth bass of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
steam fish meal, yeast protein, fish bone meal, corn starch, soybean protein concentrate, antarctic krill meal, lysine, methionine, choline chloride, composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides, and composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides are subjected to coarse screening, then the materials are put into a mixing machine according to the proportion and are fully mixed, then the materials are poured into an ultramicro container for ultramicro crushing, the materials subjected to ultramicro crushing are fully mixed with refined fish oil, the mixed materials are prepared, water is added during preparation, the materials are fully mixed, and then the materials are added into a double-screw extruder for wet process expansion; and (3) putting the expanded feed (particles with the diameter of 0.5 mm) into an oven for drying, cooling and bagging to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass.
Example 3
The low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following components: 300 g of Peru steam fish meal with protein content of more than 68%, 100 g of yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein, 200 g of salmon fish bone meal, 200 g of soybean protein concentrate, 80 g of corn starch, 50 g of antarctic krill meal, 20 g of refined fish oil, 3 g of lysine, 1g of methionine, 4g of choline chloride, 4g of composite multivitamin for Micropterus salmoides and 8 g of composite polymineral for Micropterus salmoides.
The preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth bass of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
steam fish meal, yeast protein, fish bone meal, corn starch, soybean protein concentrate, antarctic krill meal, lysine, methionine, choline chloride, composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides, and composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides are subjected to coarse screening, then the materials are put into a mixing machine according to the proportion and are fully mixed, then the materials are poured into an ultramicro container for ultramicro crushing, the materials subjected to ultramicro crushing are fully mixed with refined fish oil, the mixed materials are prepared, water is added during preparation, the materials are fully mixed, and then the materials are added into a double-screw extruder for wet process expansion; and (3) putting the expanded feed (particles with the diameter of 0.5 mm) into an oven for drying, cooling and bagging to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass.
Example 4
Test fish and test design:
single factor test design, 4 groups of 3 replicates each, group A test group (example 1 feed), group B test group (example 2 feed), group C test group (example 3 feed), group D control group (plain feed 0)
The largemouth black perch is hatched by the ecological science and technology limited company of Baijia fish in the south of Huzhou, when the fry grows to about 5cm, the fry is sieved and selected to be similar in body type and healthy and active, the weight of the fry is about 2.0g, the fry is 1200 tails, the fry is randomly distributed into 12 cement ponds (the inner wall and the bottom of each cement pond are paved with ceramic tiles, boiler heating pipes and temperature control equipment are arranged, excrement and urine automatic collection devices are arranged, and the water volume is about 1.2m32.0m × 1.0m × 0.6.6 m), each group is 100, 12 cement ponds are randomly divided into 4 groups, each group is 3 for feeding A, B, C and D four feeds respectively, the test period is 14 days, the water temperature is controlled at 22-24 ℃, and the oxygenation is kept for 24 hours.
Feeding 4 times a day, namely 6:00,10:00,14:00 and 18:00 in the morning, wherein the feeding amount of each time is based on that the fry does not eat strongly, and the feeding amount and death number of each time are recorded.
Sample handling and data collection:
and after the test is finished, weighing the total weight and counting number of the fish in each cement pond, and calculating the survival rate and the average weight.
Analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) was performed using SPSS 18.0 software, and the results were expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation (Means. + -. SD).
Results and analysis:
TABLE 1 influence of low-fish meal compound feed and general feed on growth performance and survival rate of largemouth black bass
Using Duncan's comparison, p <0.05 represents significant difference, and the upper right letters a, b, c represent significant difference
To sum up, the three embodiments show that the low-fish-meal compound feed for the largemouth black bass can meet the growth and nutritional requirements of the largemouth black bass. In the embodiment 2, the growth promoting effect of the compound feed consisting of 300 g of steam fish meal, 200 g of yeast protein, 100 g of fish bone meal, 200 g of soybean protein concentrate, 80 g of corn starch, 50 g of antarctic krill meal, 20 g of refined fish oil, 3 g of lysine, 1g of methionine, 4g of choline chloride, 4g of compound multivitamin for largemouth bass and 8 g of compound polymineral for largeh bass on larval bass is higher than that of the feed for common largeh bass, and the survival rate of the compound feed is equal to that of the latter.
The present invention has been further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Claims (5)
1. A low fish meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish is characterized in that: the weight portion groups are as follows: : 200-300 parts of steam fish meal, 100-300 parts of yeast protein, 100-200 parts of fishbone powder, 200 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 80 parts of corn starch, 50 parts of antarctic krill powder, 20 parts of refined fish oil, 3 parts of lysine, 1 part of methionine, 4 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides and 8 parts of composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides.
2. The low-fish-meal compound feed for the larval black bass of claim 1, wherein the steam fish meal is Peru steam fish meal with protein content of more than 68%.
3. The low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish of claim 1, wherein the yeast protein is yarrowia lipolytica single-cell protein.
4. The low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass of claim 1, wherein the fishbone powder is salmon fishbone powder.
5. A preparation method of a low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, respectively carrying out coarse screening on steam fish meal, yeast protein, fish bone meal, corn starch, soybean protein concentrate, antarctic krill meal, lysine, methionine, choline chloride, composite multivitamin for micropterus salmoides and composite multimineral for micropterus salmoides, and then proportionally loading into a mixing machine for fully mixing;
(2) pouring the uniformly mixed raw materials into an ultramicro container for carrying out ultramicro crushing;
(3) fully and uniformly mixing the superfine crushed raw materials with the refined fish oil;
(4) blending the mixed raw materials, adding water during blending, and fully mixing;
(5) adding the uniformly mixed raw materials into a double-screw extruder for wet-process extrusion;
(6) and (4) putting the puffed feed into an oven for drying, cooling, and bagging.
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