CN115663463B - Circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
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- CN115663463B CN115663463B CN202211567874.6A CN202211567874A CN115663463B CN 115663463 B CN115663463 B CN 115663463B CN 202211567874 A CN202211567874 A CN 202211567874A CN 115663463 B CN115663463 B CN 115663463B
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Abstract
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall which is vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals; the coaxial assembly is connected with the bottom plate and comprises a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin; the vibrators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the axis of the coaxial assembly, part of the vibrators are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the other vibrators are connected with the coaxial outer skin; a metal sheet is arranged between every two adjacent vibrators, and the metal sheet is fixed on the bottom plate through a support column. The invention avoids the use of the traditional complex feed network and breaks through the technical problem of poor axial ratio characteristics in the wide-angle domain of the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna. In addition, through the slotting of a plurality of intercommunication cavities, can play the interference killing feature. Meanwhile, the method can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna.
Background
Conventional wideband circularly polarized antennas often require complex multi-port feed networks to ensure circular polarization characteristics within the frequency band. The feed network increases the design complexity of the antenna, and the introduction of the broadband phase shifter causes the increase of the loss of the whole feed network, and reduces the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Moreover, the traditional broadband circularly polarized antenna has the defects of low anti-interference performance and no widened beam width.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, which aims to solve the technical problems of reducing the structural complexity of the circularly polarized antenna and improving the performance of the circularly polarized antenna.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a circularly polarized antenna includes:
the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals;
a coaxial assembly connected to the base plate, the coaxial assembly comprising a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin;
the oscillators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the axis of the coaxial assembly, part of the oscillators are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the rest of the oscillators are connected with the coaxial outer skin;
the metal sheets are arranged between every two adjacent vibrators, and are fixed on the bottom plate through the support columns.
According to the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the use of a traditional complex feed network is avoided, a coaxial component is adopted to vertically connect with a vibrator, and an antenna form of a metal sheet with short circuit grounding is loaded to complete antenna feed. The technical problem that the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna has narrow bandwidth and poor wide-angle domain axial ratio characteristic is solved. In addition, through the slots of a plurality of communication cavities are formed in the peripheral wall of the metal cover at intervals, the high-resistance characteristic is locally realized, the interference of low-elevation multipath signals is restrained, and the anti-interference effect can be achieved. Meanwhile, the grooved cavity changes the current distribution between the vibrator and the cavity, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the width of the slot is not more than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna, and the depth of the slot is not more than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna.
In some embodiments of the invention, the slots are an even number and a plurality of the slots are evenly spaced.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises: the dielectric washers are arranged at intervals between the vibrators connected with the coaxial inner core and the vibrators connected with the coaxial outer skin.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spacing between the vibrator connecting the coaxial core and the vibrator connecting the coaxial sheath is 1 to 3mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dielectric washer is one of the following:
polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide and ceramic.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the vibrators is four, an included angle between two adjacent vibrators is 90 °, two vibrators located on an upper layer are connected with the coaxial inner core, and two vibrators located on a lower layer are connected with the coaxial outer skin.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises: the two vibrators on the upper layer are connected with one bending body, and the two vibrators on the lower layer are connected with the other bending body.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a difference between a distance between the vibrator located at an upper layer and the bottom plate and 1/4 of an operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna is not greater than a preset value, and a distance between the metal sheet and the bottom plate is smaller than a distance between the vibrator located at an upper layer and the bottom plate and is greater than a distance between the vibrator located at a lower layer and the bottom plate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the vibrator is triangular and the metal sheet is fan-shaped.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the circularly polarized antenna 100 is provided with a plurality of antennas,
the metal cover 10, the base plate 110, the peripheral wall 120, the cavity V1, the slit G1,
coaxial assemblies 20, coaxial core 210, coaxial outer skin 220,
vibrator 30, upper vibrator 301, lower vibrator 302, metal sheet 40, dielectric washer 50, bent body 60, and support column 70.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description of the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The steps of the method flow described in the specification and the flow chart shown in the drawings of the specification are not necessarily strictly executed according to step numbers, and the execution order of the steps of the method may be changed. Moreover, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step to be performed, and/or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps to be performed.
Currently, wideband circularly polarized antennas mainly have two forms:
one is that the antenna unit adopts the forms such as air cavity type microstrip antenna, cross element antenna, quadrifilar helix antenna, etc., and the wideband circular polarization work of the antenna is realized by utilizing the sequential rotary feeding of the multi-feed points of the wideband phase-shifting network, and the feeding network needs to have better amplitude phase characteristics in the wideband, and often has high design complexity.
The other is a coupling type circularly polarized antenna using single feed point feed, which has wider impedance bandwidth, but the axial ratio bandwidth and the axial ratio characteristic of wide angle range are difficult to ensure.
The broadband circularly polarized antenna adopts a multi-feed point feed network, and has the defects of high design complexity, high development cost and low antenna radiation efficiency caused by loss brought by the feed network; the single feed point coupling mode has the defects of narrow axial ratio bandwidth, inconsistent axial ratio coverage frequency and impedance coverage frequency and poor axial ratio characteristic in a wide angle range. Moreover, the traditional broadband circularly polarized antenna has the defects of low anti-interference performance and no widened beam width.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional circularly polarized antenna, the present invention proposes a circularly polarized antenna 100.
As shown in fig. 1, a circularly polarized antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the coaxial assembly comprises a metal cover 10, a coaxial assembly 20, a plurality of vibrators 30 and a plurality of metal sheets 40.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 1, the metal cover 10 comprises a bottom plate 110 and a peripheral wall 120 vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate 110, the bottom plate 110 and the peripheral wall 120 define a cavity V1, and the peripheral wall 120 is provided with a plurality of grooves G1 communicating with the cavity V1 at intervals.
As shown in connection with fig. 1-4, coaxial assembly 20 is coupled to base plate 110, and coaxial assembly 20 includes a coaxial core 210 and a coaxial outer skin 220. The plurality of vibrators 30 are arranged in the cavity V1 at intervals around the coaxial assembly 20 by taking the axis of the coaxial assembly 20 as the center, part of vibrators 30 are connected with the coaxial inner core 210, the other vibrators 30 are connected with the coaxial outer skin 220, metal sheets 40 are arranged between every two adjacent vibrators 30, and the metal sheets 40 are fixed on the bottom plate 110 through the support columns 70.
According to the circularly polarized antenna 100 of the embodiment of the invention, the use of a traditional complex feed network is avoided, and the antenna feed is completed by adopting the antenna form that the coaxial assembly 20 is vertically connected with the vibrator 30 and the metal sheet 40 which is short-circuited and grounded is loaded. The technical problem that the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna 100 has poor bandwidth and wide angular domain axial ratio characteristic is solved. In addition, by providing a plurality of grooves G1 communicating with the cavity V1 at intervals in the peripheral wall 120 of the metal cover 10, high resistance is locally achieved, interference of low elevation multipath signals is suppressed, and an anti-interference effect can be achieved. Meanwhile, the cavity V1 of the slot G1 changes the current distribution between the vibrator 30 and the cavity V1, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the width of the slot G1 is not more than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100, and the depth of the slot G1 is not more than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100. It should be noted that the width of the slot G1 may be slightly smaller than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100, and the depth of the slot G1 may be slightly smaller than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the slots G1 are even in number, and the slots G1 are uniformly spaced. For example, the number of the grooves G1 may be set to 4, 6, 8, or other numbers according to actual needs, and the plurality of grooves G1 are arranged at uniform intervals along the peripheral wall 120. Thus, the stability and reliability of the operation of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the circularly polarized antenna 100 further includes: the dielectric washer 50 is disposed between the vibrator 30 connected to the coaxial core 210 and the vibrator 30 connected to the coaxial sheath 220 at a distance from each other by the dielectric washer 50.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two upper vibrator 301 are connected to the coaxial core 210, two lower vibrator 302 are connected to the coaxial sheath 220, and the two upper vibrator 301 and the two lower vibrator 302 are spaced apart from each other by the dielectric washer 50. Thus, the circularly polarized antenna 100 does not need to be provided with other components such as a dielectric plate, and the material consumption of the circularly polarized antenna 100 are simplified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 3 and 4, the spacing between the upper vibrator 301 connecting the coaxial core 210 and the lower vibrator 302 connecting the coaxial sheath 220 is 1 to 3mm. That is, the distance range between the upper vibrator 301 and the lower vibrator 302 satisfies: 1-3mm. Experiments prove that the working performance of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be improved by adopting the parameter setting.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the media washer 50 is one of the following: polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide and ceramic. For example, the medium washer 50 may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide or ceramic.
The dielectric washer 50 made of a material having good high temperature resistance such as PI (polyimide) or ceramic is applicable to special occasions such as high power resistance, high temperature resistance, aerospace environment and the like, and has better environmental adaptability than the conventional dielectric plate antenna.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, the number of vibrators 30 is four, the included angle between two adjacent vibrators 30 is 90 °, two upper vibrators 301 located at the upper layer are connected to the coaxial inner core 210, and two lower vibrators 302 located at the lower layer are connected to the coaxial outer skin 220.
According to some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the circularly polarized antenna 100 further comprises: the two bending bodies 60, the two upper layer vibrators 301 located at the upper layer are connected to one bending body 60, and the two lower layer vibrators 302 located at the lower layer are connected to the other bending body 60. Therefore, the connection of the two upper layer vibrators 301 and the two lower layer vibrators 302 is facilitated, the structure is simple, and the processing is convenient.
The metal bending body 60 connecting the pair of vibrators 30 plays a role of phase delay, so that the phase difference of the pair of vibrators 30 is 90 degrees, and the circularly polarized operation of the antenna is realized. The conventional circular arc-shaped delay structure has frequency dispersion characteristics in a wide frequency band, and the axial ratio characteristics of the antenna in the wide frequency band and the axial ratio characteristics of the antenna in a wide angular range are limited to a great extent. By utilizing the slow wave characteristic of the metal bending body 60, the frequency dispersion characteristic is improved, and the axial ratio characteristic of the antenna in a wide frequency band and a wide angle range is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the difference between the distance from the vibrator 30 located at the upper layer to the bottom plate 110 and 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100 is not greater than a preset value, and the distance between the metal sheet 40 and the bottom plate 110 is smaller than the distance between the upper layer vibrator 301 and the bottom plate 110 and is greater than the distance between the lower layer vibrator 302 and the bottom plate 110.
That is, the distance from the upper vibrator 301 to the base plate 110 is about 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100, and the height of the metal sheet 40 from the base plate 110 is located between the heights of the upper vibrator 301 and the lower vibrator 302.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, the vibrator 30 has a triangular shape and the metal sheet 40 has a fan shape. The metal sheet 40 may be triangular. Experiments prove that the antenna performance of the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 is slightly excellent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the circularly polarized antenna 100 of the invention can realize 180-degree phase difference feeding of the upper and lower pairs of metal vibrators 30 through the vertical interconnection structure of the coaxial assembly 20 on the premise of not using a complex broadband phase shift feeding network, realize 90-degree phase difference of the adjacent vibrators 30 through the slow wave structure of the annular metal bending body 60, load the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 with short circuit grounding, optimize the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna and realize broadband operation of the circularly polarized antenna 100 during single-point feeding.
The circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail below by taking the broadband circularly polarized antenna 100 based on a vertical interconnection structure as an example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the following description is exemplary only and is not to be taken as limiting the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the circularly polarized antenna 100 includes: the metal cover 10 of the partial uniform slotting G1, the metal coaxial assembly 20 (composed of an inner conductor and a metal sheath), four fan-shaped metal sheets 40, metal support columns 70 of the four fan-shaped metal sheets, four triangular metal vibrators 30, annular metal bending bodies 60 connecting two adjacent vibrators 30 and a medium gasket 50.
The metal cover 10 includes a base plate 110 and a peripheral wall 120 perpendicularly connected to the periphery of the base plate 110, and the base plate 110 and the peripheral wall 120 define a metal cavity V1, and the metal cavity V1 may have a cylindrical or square shape. The circumference of the peripheral wall 120 is evenly provided with grooves G1, and the number of the grooves G1 can be 4, 6 or 8. The depth and width dimensions of the groove G1 structure are designed to be related to the wavelength of the working frequency, and the principle of quarter-wavelength short circuit equivalent open circuit is utilized to locally realize the high resistance characteristic, inhibit the interference of low elevation multipath signals and play an anti-interference role. Meanwhile, the slotting G1 metal cavity V1 changes the current distribution between the oscillator 30 antenna and the cavity V1, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the four metal vibrators 30 with triangular structures are arranged in a cross shape in a pairwise orthogonal manner, and adjacent pairs of metal vibrators 30 are connected through annular metal bending bodies 60 to form a pair of '┍' -shaped vibrators 30, and the length of the annular technical bending bodies 60 is about three-quarter circular arcs. The two pairs of '┍' shaped vibrators 30 are vertically arranged at intervals and are vertically interconnected through a metal coaxial structure.
The lower pair of vibrators 30 are connected with the metal coaxial outer skin 220, the upper pair of vibrators 30 are connected with the metal coaxial inner core 210, the upper vibrator pair and the lower vibrator pair 30 are separated by a medium gasket 50, and the distance between the upper vibrator pair and the lower vibrator pair 30 is 1-3mm. The dielectric washer 50 may be made of non-conductive material such as polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy glass cloth, or high temperature resistant material (such as PI, ceramic, etc.).
The pair of upper layer metal vibrators 30 has a low height from the metal cavities of about one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency, and the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 has a low height from the metal cavities between the upper layer and the lower layer metal vibrators 30.
The four fan-shaped metal sheets 40 are in short circuit connection with the bottom of the metal cavity V1 through metal support columns 70 and are uniformly distributed in four quadrants of the cross-shaped vibrator 30 structure, and the positions of the metal support columns 70 are close to the center of the fan-shaped metal sheets 40.
When the invention is used, the working frequency and the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be adjusted by changing the opening angle and the side length of the triangular metal vibrator 30; the axial ratio characteristic in the operating band of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be adjusted by changing the radius and the opening angle of the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 and the arc length of the metal bent body 60.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that on the premise of not using a complex broadband phase-shifting feed network, 180-degree phase-difference feed of the upper and lower pairs of metal vibrators 30 can be realized through a metal coaxial vertical interconnection structure, 90-degree phase difference of the adjacent vibrators 30 is realized through a slow wave structure of the annular metal bending body 60, and the sector metal sheet 40 with short circuit grounding is loaded, so that the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is optimized, and broadband operation of the circular polarization antenna 100 during single-point feed is realized.
While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that these drawings are included in the spirit and scope of the invention, it is not to be limited thereto.
Claims (3)
1. A circularly polarized antenna, comprising:
the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals;
a coaxial assembly connected to the base plate, the coaxial assembly comprising a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin;
the four vibrators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the axis of the coaxial assembly, the two vibrators on the upper layer are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the two vibrators on the lower layer are connected with the coaxial outer skin;
the two vibrators on the upper layer are connected with one of the bending bodies, the two vibrators on the lower layer are connected with the other bending body, and the bending body adopts a wavy three-quarter circular arc slow wave structural member for improving the frequency dispersion characteristic of the bending body and improving the axial ratio characteristic of the antenna in the wide frequency band and the wide angle range of the circularly polarized antenna;
the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator are divided by the medium gasket, the medium gasket is polyimide or ceramic, and the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is 1-3mm;
the metal sheets are arranged between every two adjacent vibrators, the metal sheets are fixed on the bottom plate through metal support columns, the vibrators are triangular, the metal sheets are fan-shaped, and the side length of the side, adjacent to the metal sheets, of each vibrator is larger than the radius of the fan-shaped vibrator; the working frequency and bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna are adjusted by changing the opening angle and the side length of the triangular vibrator, and the axial ratio characteristic in the working frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna is adjusted by changing the radius and the opening angle of the fan-shaped metal sheet and the arc length of the bending body;
the distance between the metal sheet and the bottom plate is smaller than the distance between the vibrator on the upper layer and the bottom plate and is larger than the distance between the vibrator on the lower layer and the bottom plate, and the difference between the distance between the vibrator on the upper layer and the bottom plate and 1/4 of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna is not larger than a preset value;
the width of the slot is not more than 1/8 of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna, and the depth of the slot is not more than 1/4 of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 wherein said slots are an even number and a plurality of said slots are evenly spaced.
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 wherein the angle between two adjacent elements is 90 °.
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| CN202211567874.6A CN115663463B (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Circularly polarized antenna |
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| CN202211567874.6A CN115663463B (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Circularly polarized antenna |
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| CN115663463A (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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