CN114069216A - Circularly polarized antenna and positioning terminal - Google Patents
Circularly polarized antenna and positioning terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114069216A CN114069216A CN202111626785.XA CN202111626785A CN114069216A CN 114069216 A CN114069216 A CN 114069216A CN 202111626785 A CN202111626785 A CN 202111626785A CN 114069216 A CN114069216 A CN 114069216A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
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Abstract
The application relates to a circular polarized antenna and positioning terminal, circular polarized antenna includes: the antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component, at least two metal substrates which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings which are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, wherein one metal substrate corresponds to one choke ring; the choke ring positioned on the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the upper part, and the choke ring positioned on the outer ring surrounds the choke ring positioned on the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the lower part; the vertical height of the choke ring positioned at the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring positioned at the inner ring; the circularly polarized antenna assembly is arranged in a region surrounded by the choke ring positioned at the innermost circle and is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals. By adopting the circularly polarized antenna, multipath interference and out-of-band interference can be inhibited, and the beam width of the antenna can be widened.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna and a positioning terminal.
Background
With the development of global navigation satellite positioning system, circularly polarized antennas are continuously developed, improved and applied. In order to meet the requirement of a multi-Satellite System Positioning terminal, an antenna arranged in the Positioning terminal needs to cover the working frequency bands of a plurality of systems such as a Beidou, a Global Positioning System (GPS for short), a Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS for short) and the like, and the requirement of a broadband from 1GHz to 1.7GHz is met.
In a positioning terminal connected with a satellite positioning system, in order to meet the requirement of a wide frequency band, a circularly polarized antenna can adopt the forms of a microstrip patch antenna, a helical antenna and the like.
However, the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna is narrow, and the positioning requirement of the positioning terminal cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a circular polarized antenna and a positioning terminal for solving the above technical problems, and the circular polarized antenna can improve the beam width and meet the positioning requirement of the positioning terminal.
A circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component, at least two metal substrates which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings which are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, wherein one metal substrate corresponds to one choke ring;
the choke ring positioned on the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the upper part, and the choke ring positioned on the outer ring surrounds the choke ring positioned on the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the lower part; the vertical height of the choke ring positioned at the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring positioned at the inner ring;
the circularly polarized antenna assembly is arranged in a region surrounded by the choke ring positioned at the innermost circle and is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals.
In one embodiment, the at least two metal substrates fixedly arranged from top to bottom include: the choke ring comprises an outer layer choke ring and an inner layer choke ring;
the first metal substrate is fixed above the second metal substrate in a spaced mode, the inner-layer choke ring is electrically connected with the first metal substrate, and the outer-layer choke ring surrounds the inner-layer choke ring and is electrically connected with the second metal substrate.
In one embodiment, the outer choke ring and the inner choke ring are both saw-tooth-shaped choke rings;
the inner layer choke ring is connected with the outer edge of the first metal substrate, and the outer layer choke ring is connected with the outer edge of the second metal substrate.
In one embodiment, the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a high frequency point of the operating frequency band.
In one embodiment, the distance between the outer-layer choke ring and the inner-layer choke ring is one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna further includes a broadband power division phase shifter;
a circularly polarized antenna assembly comprising: the broadband power division phase shifter comprises a circularly polarized radiation component and a feed component coupled with the circularly polarized radiation component, wherein the circularly polarized radiation component is electrically connected with a signal output end of the broadband power division phase shifter through the feed component;
the broadband power division phase shifter is used for performing power division and phase shift on the feed source signal and converting the feed source signal into a signal meeting the circular polarization requirement;
the feed assembly couples the signal meeting the circular polarization requirement to the circular polarization radiation assembly and radiates the signal out through the circular polarization radiation assembly.
In one embodiment, the wideband power division phase shifter is disposed below the second metal substrate, and the wideband power division phase shifter includes multiple layers of dielectric substrates and multiple stages of coupled microstrip lines, where one layer of microstrip line is disposed between two adjacent layers of dielectric substrates, and the two adjacent layers of microstrip lines are coupled and connected.
In one embodiment, the broadband power division phase shifter includes a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, and a third dielectric substrate, which are disposed from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is a metal surface, a first microstrip line is laid between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a second microstrip line is laid between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is a metal surface; the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are coupled and connected at a plurality of preset positions.
In one embodiment, there are two feeding components in the circularly polarized antenna; the circularly polarized radiation module includes: the antenna comprises four antenna oscillators and four metal supporting components which are centrosymmetric, wherein one metal supporting component is electrically connected with one antenna oscillator, and the four metal supporting components are centrosymmetric; each feed component is coupled and connected with two antenna elements which are arranged oppositely.
In one embodiment, each of the feeding components includes a first feeding side arm, a connection feeding side wall and a second feeding side arm, and the first feeding side wall is connected with the second feeding side wall through the connection feeding side wall to form an ⊓ -type structure;
a first feeding side arm and a second feeding side arm in one feeding assembly are respectively coupled and connected with two antenna elements which are arranged oppositely.
In one embodiment, the metal supporting component is an L-shaped supporting component, a short arm of the L-shaped supporting component is fixed on the first metal substrate, and a long arm of the L-shaped supporting component supports the antenna element;
the connection feeding side arm of one feeding component is positioned above the connection feeding side arm of the other feeding component, and the first feeding side arm and the second feeding side arm of each feeding component are arranged in parallel to the long arm of the L-shaped supporting component.
In one embodiment, the vertical height of the first feeding side arm is smaller than a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the second feeding side arm is equal to the quarter wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point.
In one embodiment, the distance between the first feeding side arm and the second feeding side arm is one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point.
In one embodiment, the four antenna elements with central symmetry are right-hand circularly polarized rotating radiation elements, and one ends of the four antenna elements close to the center are connected through a metal fixing plate.
In a second aspect, a positioning terminal includes the circularly polarized antenna in the first aspect.
Above-mentioned circular polarization antenna and positioning terminal, circular polarization antenna includes: the antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component, at least two metal substrates which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings which are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, wherein one metal substrate corresponds to one choke ring; the choke ring positioned on the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the upper part, and the choke ring positioned on the outer ring surrounds the choke ring positioned on the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the lower part; the vertical height of the choke ring positioned at the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring positioned at the inner ring; the circularly polarized antenna assembly is arranged in a region surrounded by the choke ring positioned at the innermost circle and is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals. Because the circularly polarized antenna is provided with the at least two choke rings which are sleeved from outside to inside in sequence, electromagnetic wave signals entering the antenna from other paths can be shielded by the at least two choke rings, the multipath interference of the circularly polarized antenna can be inhibited, the out-of-band interference signals of the circularly polarized antenna can be inhibited, and the anti-interference effect is achieved; in addition, in the embodiment of the application, the vertical height of the choke ring positioned on the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring positioned on the inner ring, so that the gain loss caused by the excessively large distance between the choke ring and the radiator of the circularly polarized antenna assembly can be avoided; furthermore, the circularly polarized antenna is provided with at least two choke rings, which is equivalent to reducing the grounding range of the circularly polarized antenna, so that the gain of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the beam width of the antenna can be widened under the condition that the radiation power of the circularly polarized antenna is not changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized antenna element and a broadband power division phase shifter in an embodiment of a circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary wideband power divider phase shifter;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a wideband power division phase shifter in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary wideband power divider phase shifter;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave at a port of a broadband power divider phase shifter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic phase diagram of a wideband power divider phase shifter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating S-parameters of a wideband power divider phase shifter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a feeding assembly in one embodiment.
Description of the drawings:
10. a circularly polarized antenna assembly; 20. a metal substrate; 30. a choke ring;
21. a first metal substrate; 22. a second metal substrate; 31. an outer choke ring;
32. an inner choke ring; 11. a circularly polarized radiation assembly; 12. a feeding component;
40. a broadband power division phase shifter;
41. a first microstrip line; 42. a second microstrip line; 43. a first dielectric substrate;
44. a second dielectric substrate; 45. a third dielectric substrate;
411. one of the ports of the first microstrip line; 412. the other port of the first microstrip line;
421. one of the ports of the second microstrip line; 422. the other port of the second microstrip line;
111. an antenna element; 112. a metal support assembly;
121. a first feeding side arm; 122. connecting the feeding side wall; 123. a second feeding side arm.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The circularly polarized antenna 100 and the positioning terminal 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to the application environment shown in fig. 1. The positioning terminal 200 may receive a positioning signal of the satellite positioning system 300 through the circularly polarized antenna 100; the positioning terminal can be connected with one or more satellite positioning systems such as a GPS system, a Beidou positioning system, a GLONASS system and the like; the type of the satellite positioning system accessed by the positioning terminal is not limited herein. The positioning terminal 200 may be a handheld positioning device, a vehicle-mounted positioning device, or an airborne positioning device, and the type of the positioning terminal is not limited herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, there is provided a circularly polarized antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component 10, at least two metal substrates 20 fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings 30 sleeved from outside to inside in sequence, wherein one metal substrate 20 corresponds to one choke ring 30; wherein, the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate 20 located at the upper side, and the choke ring 30 located at the outer ring surrounds the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate 20 located at the lower side; the choke ring 30 at the outer race has a vertical height higher than that of the choke ring 30 at the inner race; the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 is disposed in a region surrounded by the choke ring 30 located at the innermost circumference for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals.
The circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may be configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals, and the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may receive the electromagnetic wave signals and transmit the received electromagnetic wave signals to a receiver; the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 described above can transmit the electromagnetic wave signal output by the transmitter to free space. The electromagnetic wave signal can be a positioning signal sent by a satellite positioning system, and the satellite positioning system can be one or more of a GPS system, a Beidou positioning system and a GLONASS system; for example, the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may receive signals from the GPS system, the beidou positioning system, and the GLONASS system simultaneously. The circular polarization antenna assembly 10 may support an operating frequency band covering a plurality of bands of the satellite positioning system, for example, the circular polarization antenna assembly 10 may support an operating frequency band of 1.0GHz to 1.7 GHz.
The polarization direction of the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may be left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization, which is not limited herein. The circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 can receive electromagnetic wave signals of any polarization, and the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 can also be received by a receiving antenna of any polarization.
The circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may be a patch antenna, a helical antenna, or a dipole antenna, and the specific form of the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 is not limited herein.
The circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 may be disposed in an area surrounded by the choke loops 30 located at the innermost circumference, and the number of the choke loops 30 disposed in the circularly polarized antenna may be 2, 3, or other values, which is not limited herein. The choke rings 30 are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, and the multi-path interference and the out-of-band interference can be suppressed by the sleeved choke rings 30. The multi-path interference is common-frequency interference of the circularly polarized antenna, and the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the satellite positioning system may reach the circularly polarized antenna through multiple paths, for example, a part of the electromagnetic wave signal reaches the circularly polarized antenna after being scattered by the atmosphere, reflected and refracted by the ionosphere, and reflected by surface objects such as mountains, buildings, and the like. Due to the fact that the time for electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by a plurality of paths to reach the circularly polarized antenna is different, intersymbol interference is generated in a communication system, and signal transmission quality is affected. The vertically arranged at least two choke rings 30 can inhibit part of the propagation path from reaching the electromagnetic wave signal of the circularly polarized antenna, and reduce the multipath interference.
The choke ring 30 may be vertically disposed on the corresponding metal substrate 20, and the choke ring 30 may have a ring-shaped structure with a uniform wall thickness; or an annular structure with non-uniform thickness of the annular wall, for example, the side tangent plane of the annular wall is conical or semi-conical. The bottom of the choke ring 30 may be electrically connected to the corresponding metal substrate 20, and the metal surface of the choke ring 30 may be electrically connected to the metal substrate 20, so that a ground signal may be conducted between the choke ring 30 and the metal substrate 20; the metal surface of the choke ring 30 may be attached to the surface of the metal substrate 20 so that the ground of the electromagnetic wave signal is continuous at the connection position of the choke ring 30 and the metal substrate 20. The top of the choke ring 30 may be a smooth circular ring or a saw-toothed shape, and the shape of the choke ring 30 is not limited herein. The metal substrate 20 shown in fig. 2 is the metal substrate 20 disposed at the bottom layer, and the rest of the metal substrate 20 is located inside the choke ring 30 of the outer ring, which is not shown in fig. 2. Taking two metal substrates 20 and two choke rings as an example, the electrical connection relationship between the metal substrate 20 and the corresponding choke ring 30 may be, as shown in the sectional view of fig. 2a, such that the choke ring 30 disposed at the inner ring is electrically connected to the metal substrate 20 at the upper layer, and the choke ring 30 disposed at the outer ring is electrically connected to the metal substrate 20 at the lower layer.
The at least two choke rings 30 are disposed on the metal substrate 20, wherein the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring is electrically connected to the metal substrate 20 located above, and the choke ring 30 located at the outer ring surrounds the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring and is electrically connected to the metal substrate 20 located below. When the choke ring 30 is electrically connected to the metal substrate 20, it may be disposed on the upper portion of the metal substrate 20, or may be disposed on the sidewall of the metal substrate 20, which is not limited herein. The plurality of choke rings 30 may be connected to the metal substrate 20 in the same manner or in different manners; for example, the choke ring 30 of the inner ring may be provided on the side wall of the upper metal substrate 20, and the choke ring 30 of the outer ring may be provided on the upper portion of the metal substrate 20.
At least two choke rings 30, the distance between two adjacent choke rings 30 may be the same or different.
The vertical height of the at least two choke loops 30 may be related to the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna. The vertical height of the choke ring 30 at the outer circle is higher than that of the choke ring 30 at the inner circle, and the height difference between the choke ring 30 at the outer circle and the choke ring 30 at the inner circle can be a preset value or related to the working bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna; for example, the larger the operating bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna, the larger the height difference; the smaller the operating bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna, the smaller the above-mentioned height difference. The height difference between two adjacent choke rings 30 may be the same or different.
The diameters of the at least two choke rings 30 can be determined according to the size requirement of the whole circular polarized antenna. In addition, the diameter of the choke ring 30 located at the outer ring may be larger than N wavelengths, where the wavelengths are wavelengths corresponding to the central frequency point of the working bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna; the above N is a preset value, for example, N is one of values 1 to 3.
The choke ring 30 may be a metal structure, and the choke ring 30 may be machined from copper or aluminum, but is not limited thereto. The choke ring 30 and the metal substrate 20 may be made of the same material or different materials. The choke ring 30 and the metal substrate 20 may be fixed by screwing or may be integrally formed, and is not limited herein.
The circularly polarized antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component 10, at least two metal substrates 20 fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings 30 sleeved from outside to inside in sequence, wherein one metal substrate 20 corresponds to one choke ring 30; wherein, the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate 20 located at the upper side, and the choke ring 30 located at the outer ring surrounds the choke ring 30 located at the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate 20 located at the lower side; the choke ring 30 at the outer race has a vertical height higher than that of the choke ring 30 at the inner race; the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 is disposed in a region surrounded by the choke ring 30 located at the innermost circumference for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals. Because the circularly polarized antenna is provided with the at least two choke rings 30 which are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, electromagnetic wave signals entering the antenna from other paths can be shielded by the at least two choke rings 30, the multipath interference of the circularly polarized antenna can be inhibited, the out-of-band interference signals of the circularly polarized antenna can be inhibited, and the anti-interference effect is achieved; in addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the vertical height of the choke ring 30 at the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring 30 at the inner ring, so that the gain loss caused by the excessively large distance between the choke ring 30 and the radiator of the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 can be avoided; further, the circularly polarized antenna is provided with at least two choke rings 30, which is equivalent to reducing the grounding range of the circularly polarized antenna, so that the gain of the circularly polarized antenna is reduced, and the beam width of the antenna can be widened under the condition that the radiation power of the circularly polarized antenna is not changed.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in the circular polarization antenna in this embodiment, at least two metal substrates fixedly disposed from top to bottom include: a first metal substrate 21 and a second metal substrate 22; the at least two choke rings sleeved in sequence from outside to inside comprise an outer layer choke ring 31 and an inner layer choke ring 32; the first metal substrate 21 is fixed above the second metal substrate 22 with a gap therebetween, the inner-layer choke ring 32 is electrically connected to the first metal substrate 21, and the outer-layer choke ring 31 surrounds the inner-layer choke ring 32 and is electrically connected to the second metal substrate 22.
The number of the choke loops in the circularly polarized antenna is 2, and the circularly polarized antenna comprises an outer layer choke loop 31 and an inner layer choke loop 32; the outer layer choke ring 31 and the inner layer choke ring 32 correspond to the first metal substrate 21 and the second metal substrate 22, respectively.
The inner-layer choke ring 32 is electrically connected to the first metal substrate 21, the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be disposed on the first metal substrate 21, for example, the inner-layer choke ring 32 is disposed in a limiting groove formed on the first metal substrate 21; alternatively, the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be connected to the outer edge of the first metal substrate 21, and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be fixed to the sidewall of the first metal substrate 21 by a fixing method such as screwing, and it can be regarded that the first metal substrate 21 is embedded in the space formed by the inner-layer choke ring 32.
The outer-layer choke ring 31 is electrically connected to the second metal substrate 22, the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be disposed on the upper portion of the second metal substrate 22, for example, the outer-layer choke ring 31 is disposed in a position-limiting groove formed on the second metal substrate 22; alternatively, the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be connected to the outer edge of the second metal substrate 22, and the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be fixed to the sidewall of the second metal substrate 22 by a fixing method such as screwing, and it can be regarded that the second metal substrate 22 is embedded in the space formed by the outer-layer choke ring 31.
The first metal substrate 21 is fixed above the second metal substrate 22 with a space therebetween, and the space means that an air cavity is present between the first metal substrate 21 and the second metal substrate 22, and the air cavity may be formed by a groove opened in the bottom of the first metal substrate 21, a groove opened in the top of the second metal substrate 22, or both a groove opened in the bottom of the first metal substrate 21 and a groove opened in the top of the second metal substrate 22. The bottom surface of the first metal substrate 21 is bonded to the top surface of the second metal substrate 22, so that the ground of the electromagnetic wave signal is continuous at the connection position between the first metal substrate 21 and the second metal substrate 22.
The outer-layer choke ring 31 and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may have highly uniform annular structures; alternatively, the outer-layer choke ring 31 and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be both zigzag-shaped choke rings. The sawtooth shape corresponding to the sawtooth-shaped choke ring can be triangular sawtooth, rectangular sawtooth or sawtooth with other shapes, and is not limited herein.
Alternatively, when the saw-tooth shape corresponding to the saw-tooth-shaped choke ring is rectangular saw teeth, the saw teeth of the inner-layer choke ring 32 and the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be staggered. Under the condition that the inner-layer choke ring 32 and the outer-layer choke ring 31 are both saw-tooth-shaped choke rings, the requirements of multi-path interference suppression and out-of-band interference resistance can be met through staggered arrangement, the weight of the circularly polarized antenna can be reduced, and the light weight of the antenna is favorably realized.
The vertical heights of the outer-layer choke ring 31 and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be set according to the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and then the vertical height of the other choke ring may be set according to a preset height difference. For example, the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring 31 minus a preset height difference; alternatively, the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring 32 plus a preset height difference.
In another implementation, the vertical heights of the outer and inner chokes 31 and 32 may be determined by the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna. Specifically, the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a low frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of the operating frequency band. Optionally, the vertical height of the outer-layer choke ring 31 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to a high frequency point of the operating frequency band. The low frequency point is the minimum frequency point in the working frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the high frequency point is the maximum frequency point in the working frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna.
The distance between the outer-layer choke ring 31 and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be a preset distance, or may be determined based on the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna. Alternatively, the distance between the outer-layer choke ring 31 and the inner-layer choke ring 32 may be one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna.
The circularly polarized antenna comprises two choke rings, and can realize the functions of resisting interference, inhibiting multipath interference, widening beam width and the like in a limited antenna structure space; under the condition that the two choke rings are the sawtooth-shaped choke rings, the weight of the circularly polarized antenna can be reduced, and the light weight of the antenna is realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the circularly polarized antenna further includes a broadband power division phase shifter 40. The circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 includes a circularly polarized radiating assembly 11 and a feeding assembly 12 coupled to the circularly polarized radiating assembly 11. The circularly polarized radiation element 11 is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the broadband power dividing phase shifter 40 through the feeding element 12. The broadband power division phase shifter 40 is configured to perform power division and phase shift on the feed source signal to convert the feed source signal into a signal meeting a circular polarization requirement; the feeding element 12 couples a signal satisfying a circular polarization requirement to the circular polarization radiating element 11, and radiates the signal through the circular polarization radiating element 11.
In the transmitting process, the broadband power division phase shifter 40 may perform power division phase shifting on the feed source signal output by the transmitter, and convert the feed source signal into a signal meeting the circular polarization requirement. For example, the broadband power division phase shifter 40 may divide the feed signal into two signals, where the amplitudes of the two signals may be the same and the phases may differ by 90 degrees. The output end of the wideband power division phase shifter 40 may be electrically connected to the feed component 12, and the feed end of the feed component 12 may be connected to the wideband power division phase shifter 40 through an equal length radio frequency cable, or may be connected to the wideband power division phase shifter 40 through a radio frequency connector, which is not limited herein. The feeding component 12 can couple signals satisfying the circular polarization requirement to the circular polarization radiating component 11, and radiate the signals through the circular polarization radiating component 11.
During the receiving process, the circularly polarized radiation component 11 may transmit the received signal to the broadband power dividing phase shifter 40 through the feeding component 12. The broadband power division phase shifter 40 may perform phase shifting and combining on the signal received by the circular polarization radiation component 11, and transmit the combined signal to a receiver.
The coupling manner between the feeding element 12 and the circularly polarized radiating element 11 may be electric coupling or magnetic coupling, and is not limited herein.
The operating bandwidth of the broadband power division phase shifter 40 may be greater than or equal to the operating bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna, so that the phase differences corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signals within the entire operating bandwidth are consistent.
The broadband power division phase shifter 40 may be a power division phase shift network formed by microstrip lines, or may be formed by element modules such as bridges and couplers, which is not limited herein.
The circularly polarized antenna is provided with the broadband power division phase shifter 40, so that the phase difference and the power division amplitude corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signals in the whole working bandwidth are consistent, and the circularly polarized requirement is better met.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the broadband power division phase shifter 40 includes multiple layers of dielectric substrates, and multiple stages of coupled microstrip lines, where one layer of microstrip line is disposed adjacent to two layers of dielectric substrates, and two adjacent layers of microstrip lines are coupled and connected.
The broadband power division phase shifter 40 is a power division phase shift network formed by microstrip lines, and the broadband power division phase shifter 40 is a multilayer printed circuit board, which includes a multilayer dielectric substrate and a plurality of conducting layers separated by the multilayer dielectric substrate. The dielectric constants of the plates of the multilayer dielectric plate may be the same or different. And a layer of microstrip line is arranged between two adjacent layers of dielectric substrates, and the two adjacent layers of microstrip lines can be coupled and connected to form multistage coupling.
The number of layers of the printed circuit board may be 4, 6, or other number of layers, which is not limited herein. Alternatively, the number of layers of the printed circuit board may be 4. The broadband power division phase shifter 40 may include a first microstrip line 41, a second microstrip line 42, a first dielectric substrate 43, a second dielectric substrate 44, and a third dielectric substrate 45 disposed from top to bottom. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 43 is a metal surface, a first microstrip line is laid between the first dielectric substrate 43 and the second dielectric substrate 44, a second microstrip line is laid between the second dielectric substrate 44 and the third dielectric substrate 45, and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 45 is a metal surface; the first microstrip line 41 and the second microstrip line 42 are coupled at a plurality of predetermined positions.
As shown in fig. 6, one port 411 of the first microstrip line is connected to a feed signal, and the other port 412 of the first microstrip line is connected to the feeding component 12. One of the ports 421 of the second microstrip line is grounded through a resistor, which may be a 50 ohm resistor; the other port 422 of the second microstrip line can be connected to the feeding component 12. The signal output from the other port 422 of the second microstrip line and the signal output from the other port 412 of the first microstrip line may be two signals with the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees. The first microstrip line 41 and the second microstrip line 42 are coupled at a plurality of preset positions, and at the preset positions, the distance between the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line is the thickness of the dielectric plate, so that a strong signal can be coupled at the positions. Coupling technology can be added by coupling and connecting at a plurality of preset positions, and the working bandwidth of the power division phase-shifting network is increased.
The first microstrip line 41 and the second microstrip line 42 may be stacked as shown in fig. 7, and the plurality of preset positions may include two positions shown by a dashed line box in fig. 7. Taking the working frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna as 1GHz to 1.7GHz as an example, the port standing wave of the broadband power division phase shifter 40 may be as shown in fig. 8; the phases of the two ports of the wideband power division phase shifter 40 can be shown in fig. 9, where the horizontal axis is frequency, the vertical axis is phase, deg (S (1,3)) is the S-parameter phase change of one port 411 of the first microstrip line and the other port 412 of the first microstrip line, and deg (S (1,4)) is the S-parameter phase change of one port 411 of the first microstrip line and the other port 422 of the second microstrip line, and it can be seen that the phase difference between the two ports connected to the feeding component is stable; fig. 10 shows the S-parameter amplitude variation between the ports of the wideband power division phase shifter 40, with frequency on the horizontal axis and S-parameter amplitude on the vertical axis; it can be seen that the insertion loss dB (S (1,3)) of one of the ports 411 of the first microstrip line and the other port 412 of the first microstrip line, and the insertion loss dB (S (1,4)) of one of the ports 411 of the first microstrip line and the other port 422 of the second microstrip line are lower and have smaller variation amplitude in a wider frequency band range; the insertion loss dB (S (1,2)) between one of the ports 411 of the first microstrip line and one of the ports 421 of the second microstrip line is large, i.e. the isolation of these two ports is high.
The broadband power division phase shifter 40 is disposed below the second metal substrate 22, and may be disposed at a position spaced apart from the first metal substrate 21 by the second metal substrate 22, that is, in an air cavity in the first metal substrate 21 and the second metal substrate 22. By disposing the broadband power division phase shifter 40 below the second metal substrate 22, the upper surface of the second metal substrate 22 is a complete grounding region for the circularly polarized radiation component 11, and the lower surface of the first metal substrate 21 isolates the broadband power division phase shifter 40 from the external space, so that the broadband power division phase shifter 40 can be prevented from receiving external interference signals, and the isolation of the broadband power division phase shifter 40 is improved.
In the circular polarized antenna, the power division phase shift network is formed by the multi-stage coupled microstrip lines, so that the bandwidth of the power division phase shifter can be increased, and the working bandwidth of the broadband power division phase shifter 40 can meet the power division phase shift requirement of the circular polarized antenna; in addition, by arranging the broadband power division phase shifter 40 below the second metal substrate 22, the feeding component 12 and the broadband power division phase shifter 40 can be directly connected, thereby avoiding phase difference caused by long-distance connection and improving phase shifting precision.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the present embodiment is directed to a circularly polarized antenna assembly 10. The number of the feed assemblies 12 in the circularly polarized antenna assembly 10 is two; the circularly polarized radiation module 11 includes: four antenna elements 111 and four metal supporting components 112 which are centrosymmetric, wherein one metal supporting component 112 is electrically connected with one antenna element 111, and the four metal supporting components 112 are centrosymmetric; each feed component 12 couples two oppositely disposed antenna elements 111.
The circular polarization radiation assembly 11 includes four antenna elements 111 with central symmetry, so that the four antenna elements 111 with symmetric structure can form a circular polarization antenna. Each antenna element 111 is connected to one of the metal support members 112, and the metal support members 112 may be used to fix the antenna element 111.
The metal supporting component 112 may be a straight component disposed perpendicular to the metal substrate 20, a broken line component forming a certain angle with the metal substrate 20, or a C-shaped component, and the shape of the metal supporting component 112 is not limited herein. Alternatively, the metal supporting component 112 is an L-shaped supporting component, a short arm of the L-shaped supporting component is fixed on the first metal substrate 21, and a long arm of the L-shaped supporting component supports the antenna element.
The circularly polarized antenna assembly 11 includes two feeding assemblies 12, each feeding assembly 12 is coupled to two antenna elements 111 disposed opposite to each other, and the feeding assemblies 12 can couple a feed signal to the antenna elements 111 and radiate the feed signal through the antenna elements 111.
In the case that each feeding component 12 couples an electromagnetic wave signal to two antenna elements 11, the feeding component 12 may be a Y-shaped structure perpendicular to the metal substrate 20, and after a signal word is obtained from the broadband power division phase shifter 40 through one port, the feeding component 12 may be divided into two parts, and the signals are coupled to the antenna elements 11 through two branches; the shape of the feeding member 12 is not limited herein.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 12, each of the feeding components 12 includes a first feeding side arm 121, a connection feeding side wall 122 and a second feeding side arm 123, and the first feeding side arm 121 is connected to the second feeding side wall 123 through the connection feeding side wall 122 to form an ⊓ -type structure; the first feeding side arm 121 and the second feeding side arm 123 of one feeding component 12 are respectively coupled and connected with two antenna elements 111 arranged oppositely.
In one implementation, the connection feeding side arm 122 of one feeding component 12 is located above the connection feeding side arm 122 of another feeding component 12, and the first feeding side arm 121 and the second feeding side arm 123 of each feeding component 12 are disposed parallel to the long arm of the L-shaped supporting component, so that the long arm of the L-shaped metal supporting component can be coupled to the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted in the first feeding side arm 121, and the electromagnetic wave signal is conducted to the antenna element through the long arm of the L-shaped metal supporting component.
For one of the feeding components 12, the vertical height of the first feeding sidewall 121 and the second feeding sidewall 123 may be determined according to the working frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the first feeding sidewall 121 may be equal to a quarter wavelength corresponding to one frequency point in the working frequency band, or the vertical height of the second feeding sidewall 123 may be equal to a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of the working frequency band. One frequency point in the working frequency band can be a central frequency point, a high frequency point and other frequency points, such as the central frequency point of the Beidou frequency band or the central frequency point of the GPS frequency band. Optionally, the vertical height of the first feeding side arm 121 is smaller than a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the second feeding side arm 123 is equal to the quarter wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point. The vertical height difference of the first feeding side walls 121 corresponding to the two feeding components 12, that is, the distance between the connecting feeding side arms 122 of the two feeding components 12, may be a preset threshold, for example, 2 mm or 5 mm.
For one of the feeding components 12, the distance between the first feeding sidewall 121 and the second feeding sidewall 123, that is, the length of the connection feeding sidewall 122, may be set according to the coupling degree between the feeding component 12 and the antenna element 111, may be obtained by subtracting two coupling distances from the distance between two opposite metal supporting components 112, or may be determined according to the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, which is not limited herein. Alternatively, the distance between the first feeding side arm 121 and the second feeding side arm 123 may be one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of the operating frequency band.
The four antenna elements 111 having central symmetry may be rectangular elements or sector elements, and the shape of the antenna elements 111 is not limited herein. Optionally, the four antenna elements 111 with central symmetry are right-hand circularly polarized rotating radiation elements. The ends of the four antenna elements near the center can be respectively fixed on the corresponding metal supporting components 112, and then connected through a metal fixing plate, so that the distance between the antenna elements is kept stable.
The shape of the rotary radiation oscillator may be a fan shape. The four rotational radiation oscillators with the symmetrical centers can further improve the circular polarization effect by adjusting the physical shapes on the basis of the symmetry of the radiation arrays.
In the circularly polarized antenna, the four antenna elements 111 with central symmetry can realize circular polarization, and the circular polarization effect can be further improved under the condition that the antenna elements 111 are rotating radiation elements; furthermore, the metal supporting component is coupled with the signal of the feed component 12 to realize magnetic coupling, so that the working bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna is improved; in addition, the circular polarization radiating element 11 in the circular polarization antenna is an antenna element and a metal supporting element, and the circular polarization radiating element 11 formed by the metal structure can improve the power endurance of the circular polarization antenna.
In one embodiment, a positioning terminal is provided, which may include the circularly polarized antenna of the above embodiment.
The circularly polarized antenna in the positioning terminal may be a broadband, wide-beam, and anti-multipath interference antenna, and the implementation principle and technical effect thereof are described in the above embodiments and will not be described herein.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna component, at least two metal substrates which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom and at least two choke rings which are sequentially sleeved from outside to inside, wherein one metal substrate corresponds to one choke ring;
the choke ring positioned on the inner ring is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the upper part, and the choke ring positioned on the outer ring surrounds the choke ring positioned on the inner ring and is electrically connected with the metal substrate positioned on the lower part; the vertical height of the choke ring positioned at the outer ring is higher than that of the choke ring positioned at the inner ring;
the circularly polarized antenna assembly is arranged in a region surrounded by the choke ring positioned at the innermost circle and used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the at least two metal substrates fixedly arranged from top to bottom comprise: the choke ring comprises an outer layer choke ring and an inner layer choke ring;
the first metal substrate is fixed above the second metal substrate in a spaced mode, the inner-layer choke ring is electrically connected with the first metal substrate, and the outer-layer choke ring surrounds the inner-layer choke ring and is electrically connected with the second metal substrate.
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein the outer and inner choke loops are each saw-tooth shaped choke loops;
the inner-layer choke ring is connected with the outer edge of the first metal substrate, and the outer-layer choke ring is connected with the outer edge of the second metal substrate.
4. The circular polarized antenna of claim 3, wherein the vertical height of the outer layer choke loop is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circular polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the inner layer choke loop is a quarter wavelength corresponding to a high frequency point of the operating frequency band.
5. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein a loop spacing between the outer and inner chokes is one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point.
6. A circularly polarized antenna according to any of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a broadband power division phase shifter;
the circularly polarized antenna assembly comprises: the broadband power division phase shifter comprises a circularly polarized radiation component and a feed component coupled with the circularly polarized radiation component, wherein the circularly polarized radiation component is electrically connected with a signal output end of the broadband power division phase shifter through the feed component;
the broadband power division phase shifter is used for performing power division and phase shift on the feed source signal and converting the feed source signal into a signal meeting the circular polarization requirement;
the feed assembly couples the signal meeting the circular polarization requirement to the circular polarization radiation assembly and radiates the signal out through the circular polarization radiation assembly.
7. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein the broadband power division phase shifter is disposed below the second metal substrate, and the broadband power division phase shifter comprises a plurality of dielectric substrates and a plurality of stages of coupled microstrip lines, one microstrip line is disposed between two adjacent dielectric substrates, and two adjacent microstrip lines are coupled.
8. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 7, wherein the broadband power division phase shifter comprises a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate arranged from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is a metal surface, the first microstrip line is laid between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the second microstrip line is laid between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is a metal surface; the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are coupled and connected at a plurality of preset positions.
9. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein there are two feed components in the circularly polarized antenna; the circularly polarized radiation assembly includes: the antenna comprises four antenna oscillators and four metal supporting components which are centrosymmetric, wherein one metal supporting component is electrically connected with one antenna oscillator, and the four metal supporting components are centrosymmetric; each feed component is coupled and connected with two antenna elements which are arranged oppositely.
10. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein each of the feeding components comprises a first feeding side arm, a connecting feeding side wall and a second feeding side arm, the first feeding side wall is connected to the second feeding side wall through the connecting feeding side wall to form an ⊓ -type structure;
the first feeding side arm and the second feeding side arm in one feeding assembly are respectively coupled and connected with two antenna elements which are arranged oppositely.
11. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 10, wherein the metal supporting component is an L-shaped supporting component, the short arm of the L-shaped supporting component is fixed on the first metal substrate, and the long arm of the L-shaped supporting component supports the antenna element;
the connection feeding side arm of one feeding component is positioned above the connection feeding side arm of the other feeding component, and the first feeding side arm and the second feeding side arm of each feeding component are arranged in parallel to the long arm of the L-shaped supporting component.
12. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 11, wherein the vertical height of the first feeding side arm is smaller than a quarter wavelength corresponding to a central frequency point of an operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna, and the vertical height of the second feeding side arm is equal to the quarter wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point.
13. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 12, wherein the distance between the first feeding side arm and the second feeding side arm is one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point.
14. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein the four antenna elements with central symmetry are right-hand circularly polarized rotating radiating elements, and ends of the four antenna elements near the center are connected through a metal fixing plate.
15. A positioning terminal, characterized in that it comprises a circularly polarized antenna according to any of claims 1 to 14.
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| CN202111626785.XA CN114069216A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Circularly polarized antenna and positioning terminal |
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| CN202111626785.XA CN114069216A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Circularly polarized antenna and positioning terminal |
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