CN115663463A - Circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
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- CN115663463A CN115663463A CN202211567874.6A CN202211567874A CN115663463A CN 115663463 A CN115663463 A CN 115663463A CN 202211567874 A CN202211567874 A CN 202211567874A CN 115663463 A CN115663463 A CN 115663463A
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Abstract
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, which comprises: the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of open grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals; the coaxial assembly is connected with the bottom plate and comprises a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin; the plurality of vibrators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the coaxial assembly by taking the axis of the coaxial assembly as the center, part of the vibrators are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the rest vibrators are connected with the coaxial outer skin; all be equipped with the sheetmetal between every two adjacent oscillators, the sheetmetal is fixed in the bottom plate through the support column. The invention avoids the use of the traditional complex feed network and breaks through the technical problems of narrow bandwidth and poor wide-angle-domain axial ratio characteristic of the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna. Moreover, the anti-interference effect can be achieved by arranging the slots communicated with the cavity. Meanwhile, the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna can be widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna.
Background
In order to ensure circular polarization characteristics in a frequency band, a complex multi-port feed network is often required in a conventional broadband circular polarization antenna. The feed network increases the complexity of antenna design, and the introduction of the broadband phase shifter leads to the increase of the overall loss of the feed network and reduces the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Moreover, the traditional broadband circularly polarized antenna has the defects of low anti-interference performance and no expanded beam width.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, and aims to solve the technical problems of reducing the structural complexity of the circularly polarized antenna and improving the performance of the circularly polarized antenna.
The circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals;
a coaxial assembly connected to the base plate, the coaxial assembly including a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin;
the plurality of vibrators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the coaxial assembly by taking the axis of the coaxial assembly as a center, part of the vibrators are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the rest vibrators are connected with the coaxial outer skin;
the metal sheets are arranged between every two adjacent vibrators and fixed on the bottom plate through supporting columns.
According to the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the use of the traditional complex feed network is avoided, and the antenna feed is completed by adopting the antenna form that the coaxial component is vertically connected with the oscillator and the short-circuit grounded metal sheet is loaded. The technical problems of narrow bandwidth and poor wide-angle-domain axial ratio characteristic of the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna are solved. Moreover, the peripheral wall of the metal cover is provided with a plurality of slots communicated with the cavity at intervals, so that the high-resistance characteristic is locally realized, the interference of low-elevation multipath signals is inhibited, and the anti-interference effect can be realized. Meanwhile, the slotted cavity changes the current distribution between the oscillator and the cavity, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the width of the slot is no more than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna, and the depth of the slot is no more than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the slots is even, and the slots are uniformly spaced.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises: and the vibrators connected with the coaxial inner core and the vibrators connected between the coaxial outer skins are arranged at intervals through the dielectric gaskets.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between the vibrator connected to the coaxial inner core and the vibrator connected to the coaxial outer skin is 1 to 3mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dielectric washer is one of the following:
polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide and ceramics.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the vibrators is four, an included angle between two adjacent vibrators is 90 °, two vibrators located on an upper layer are connected to the coaxial inner core, and two vibrators located on a lower layer are connected to the coaxial outer skin.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises: the two vibrators positioned on the upper layer are connected to one of the bending bodies, and the two vibrators positioned on the lower layer are connected to the other bending body.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a difference between a distance from the upper-layer vibrator to the bottom plate and 1/4 of an operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna is not greater than a preset value, and a distance between the metal sheet and the bottom plate is smaller than a distance between the upper-layer vibrator and the bottom plate and is greater than a distance between the lower-layer vibrator and the bottom plate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the vibrator is triangular and the metal sheet is fan-shaped.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a circularly polarized antenna (100) having a circular polarization,
a metal cover 10, a bottom plate 110, a peripheral wall 120, a cavity V1, a slot G1,
the vibrator 30, the upper layer vibrator 301, the lower layer vibrator 302, the metal sheet 40, the dielectric washer 50, the bending body 60 and the support column 70.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the intended purpose, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The description of the method flow in the present specification and the steps of the flow chart in the drawings of the present specification are not necessarily strictly performed by the step numbers, and the execution order of the method steps may be changed. Moreover, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step execution, and/or a step may be broken down into multiple step executions.
At present, the broadband circular polarization antenna mainly has two forms:
one is that the antenna unit adopts forms such as air cavity formula microstrip antenna, cross dipole antenna, quadrifilar helix antenna, etc., need to utilize broadband phase shift network multi-feed point rotatory feed in proper order to realize antenna broadband circular polarization work, and the feed network needs to have better amplitude phase characteristic in the broadband, often designs the complexity height.
The other is a coupling type circularly polarized antenna fed by a single feed point, which has a wider impedance bandwidth, but the axial ratio bandwidth and the axial ratio characteristic of a wide angular region are difficult to guarantee.
The broadband circularly polarized antenna adopts a multi-feed-point feed network, and has the defects of high design complexity, high development cost and low antenna radiation efficiency caused by loss brought by the feed network; the single-feed-point coupling mode has the defects of narrow axial ratio bandwidth, inconsistent axial ratio coverage frequency and impedance coverage frequency and poor wide-angle-domain axial ratio characteristic. Moreover, the traditional broadband circularly polarized antenna has the defects of low anti-interference performance and no expanded beam width.
In view of the above problems of the conventional circularly polarized antenna, the present invention provides a circularly polarized antenna 100.
As shown in fig. 1, a circular polarization antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: metal cover 10, coaxial module 20, plurality of vibrators 30 and plurality of metal sheets 40.
As shown in fig. 1, the metal cover 10 includes a bottom plate 110 and a peripheral wall 120 vertically connected to an outer edge of the bottom plate 110, the bottom plate 110 and the peripheral wall 120 define a cavity V1, and the peripheral wall 120 is provided with a plurality of slots G1 at intervals to communicate with the cavity V1.
As shown in connection with fig. 1-4, coaxial assembly 20 is coupled to base plate 110, and coaxial assembly 20 includes a coaxial inner core 210 and a coaxial outer skin 220. The plurality of vibrators 30 are arranged around the coaxial assembly 20 at intervals in the cavity V1 by taking the axis of the coaxial assembly 20 as the center, part of the vibrators 30 are connected with the coaxial inner core 210, the rest vibrators 30 are connected with the coaxial outer skin 220, a metal sheet 40 is arranged between every two adjacent vibrators 30, and the metal sheet 40 is fixed on the bottom plate 110 through the supporting column 70.
According to the circularly polarized antenna 100 of the embodiment of the invention, the use of a traditional complex feed network is avoided, and the antenna feed is completed in the form of the antenna in which the coaxial component 20 is vertically connected with the oscillator 30 and the short-circuit grounded metal sheet 40 is loaded. The technical problems of narrow bandwidth and poor wide-angle-domain axial ratio characteristic of the single-point feed circularly polarized antenna 100 are solved. Moreover, the plurality of slots G1 communicating with the cavity V1 are formed at intervals on the circumferential wall 120 of the metal cover 10, so that the high-impedance characteristic is locally realized, the interference of low-elevation multipath signals is suppressed, and the anti-interference effect can be achieved. Meanwhile, the cavity V1 of the slot G1 changes the current distribution between the oscillator 30 and the cavity V1, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the width of the slot G1 is no more than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100, and the depth of the slot G1 is no more than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100. It should be noted that the width of the slot G1 may be slightly less than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100, and the depth of the slot G1 may be slightly less than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the slots G1 is even, and the plurality of slots G1 are uniformly spaced. For example, the number of the slots G1 may be set to 4, 6, 8, or other numbers according to actual needs, and a plurality of the slots G1 are uniformly spaced along the peripheral wall 120. Accordingly, the stability and reliability of the operation of the circular polarized antenna 100 can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the circularly polarized antenna 100 further includes: the dielectric washer 50 is arranged between the vibrator 30 connected with the coaxial inner core 210 and the vibrator 30 connected with the coaxial outer skin 220 at intervals through the dielectric washer 50.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two upper layer vibrators 301 are connected to the coaxial inner core 210, two lower layer vibrators 302 are connected to the coaxial outer skin 220, and the two upper layer vibrators 301 and the two lower layer vibrators 302 are spaced from each other by a dielectric washer 50. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna 100 does not need to be provided with other components such as a dielectric plate, and the material of the circularly polarized antenna 100 are simplified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the spacing between the upper layer element 301 connected to the coaxial core 210 and the lower layer element 302 connected to the coaxial sheath 220 is 1 to 3mm. That is, the distance range between the upper layer vibrator 301 and the lower layer vibrator 302 satisfies: 1-3mm. Through experimental verification, the working performance of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be improved by adopting the parameter setting.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric washer 50 is one of the following: polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide and ceramics. For example, the dielectric washer 50 may be made of teflon, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide, or ceramic.
It should be noted that, the dielectric washer 50 made of a material with good high temperature resistance, such as PI (polyimide), ceramic, etc., is applicable to special occasions, such as high power resistance, high temperature resistance, aerospace environment, etc., and has better environmental adaptability than the existing dielectric plate antenna.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, there are four vibrators 30, an included angle between two adjacent vibrators 30 is 90 °, two upper vibrators 301 located on the upper layer are connected to the coaxial inner core 210, and two lower vibrators 302 located on the lower layer are connected to the coaxial outer skin 220.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the circularly polarized antenna 100 further includes: two bending bodies 60, two upper layer vibrators 301 positioned on the upper layer are connected to one bending body 60, and two lower layer vibrators 302 positioned on the lower layer are connected to the other bending body 60. Therefore, the connection of the two upper-layer vibrators 301 and the two lower-layer vibrators 302 is facilitated, the structure is simple, and the processing is convenient.
It should be noted that the metal bent body 60 connecting the pair of oscillators 30 plays a role of phase delay, so that the phase difference of the pair of oscillators 30 is 90 °, thereby realizing circular polarization operation of the antenna. The conventional circular-arc delay structure has frequency dispersion characteristics in a wide frequency band, and the axial ratio characteristics of the antenna in the wide frequency band and the axial ratio characteristics of the antenna in a wide angle range are limited to a great extent. By utilizing the slow wave characteristic of the metal bent body 60, the frequency dispersion characteristic thereof is improved, and the axial ratio characteristic of the antenna in a wide frequency band and a wide angular range is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a difference between a distance from the upper-layer element 30 to the bottom plate 110 and 1/4 of an operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna 100 is not greater than a predetermined value, and a distance between the metal sheet 40 and the bottom plate 110 is smaller than a distance between the upper-layer element 301 and the bottom plate 110 and is greater than a distance between the lower-layer element 302 and the bottom plate 110.
That is, the distance from the upper layer element 301 to the bottom plate 110 is about 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circular polarized antenna 100, and the height of the metal sheet 40 from the bottom plate 110 is between the heights of the upper layer element 301 and the lower layer element 302.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, the vibrator 30 has a triangular shape and the metal sheet 40 has a fan shape. The metal sheet 40 may be triangular. Experiments prove that the antenna performance of the metal sheet 40 with the sector shape is slightly excellent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the circularly polarized antenna 100 of the invention can realize 180-degree phase difference feeding of upper and lower two pairs of metal oscillators 30 through the vertical interconnection structure of the coaxial assembly 20 on the premise of not using a complex broadband phase shift feeding network, realize 90-degree phase difference of adjacent oscillators 30 by adopting the slow wave structure of the annular metal bent body 60, load the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 which is in short circuit grounding, optimize the circularly polarized characteristic of the antenna, and realize broadband work of the circularly polarized antenna 100 during single-point feeding.
The following describes the circular polarization antenna 100 according to the present invention in detail, taking the broadband circular polarization antenna 100 based on the vertical interconnection structure as an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the following description is only exemplary in nature and should not be taken as a specific limitation on the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the circularly polarized antenna 100 includes: the resonator comprises a metal cover 10 with a groove G1 uniformly formed locally, a metal coaxial assembly 20 (comprising an inner conductor and a metal sheath), four fan-shaped metal sheets 40 and metal support columns 70 thereof, four triangular metal vibrators 30, an annular metal bent body 60 for connecting two adjacent vibrators 30 and a dielectric gasket 50.
The metal cover 10 includes a bottom plate 110 and a peripheral wall 120 vertically connected to a periphery of the bottom plate 110, the bottom plate 110 and the peripheral wall 120 define a metal cavity V1, and an outer shape of the metal cavity V1 may be a cylinder or a square. Grooves G1 are uniformly formed in the peripheral wall 120 around the periphery, and the number of the grooves G1 can be 4, 6 or 8. The depth and width of the groove G1 structure are designed to be related to the wavelength of the working frequency, the high-resistance characteristic is locally realized by utilizing the principle of a quarter-wavelength short circuit equivalent open circuit, the interference of low-elevation multipath signals is inhibited, and the anti-interference effect can be realized. Meanwhile, the slotted G1 metal cavity V1 changes the current distribution between the oscillator 30 antenna and the cavity V1, increases the current distribution in the horizontal direction, and can play a role in widening the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna 100.
As shown in fig. 2-4, four metal vibrators 30 with triangular structures are orthogonally arranged in pairs to form a cross shape, a pair of adjacent metal vibrators 30 are connected through a ring-shaped metal bending body 60 to form a pair of ┍ -shaped vibrators 30, and the length of the ring-shaped metal bending body 60 is about three-quarter circular arc. The two pairs of ┍ -shaped vibrators 30 are arranged at intervals up and down and vertically interconnected through a metal coaxial structure.
The lower pair of vibrators 30 is connected with the metal coaxial sheath 220, the upper pair of vibrators 30 is connected with the metal coaxial inner core 210, the upper and lower pairs of vibrators 30 are separated by a dielectric gasket 50, and the distance between the upper and lower pairs of vibrators 30 is 1-3mm. The material of the dielectric washer 50 may be non-conductive material such as teflon or epoxy glass cloth, or high temperature resistant material (such as PI, ceramic, etc.).
The height of the upper layer of the pair of metal vibrators 30 from the metal cavity is about one fourth of the corresponding wavelength of the central working frequency, and the height of the fan-shaped metal sheet 40 from the metal cavity is between the upper layer of the metal vibrators 30 and the lower layer of the metal vibrators 30.
The four fan-shaped metal sheets 40 are connected with the bottom of the metal cavity V1 in a short circuit mode through metal supporting columns 70, and are evenly distributed in four quadrants of the cross-shaped vibrator 30 structure, and the metal supporting columns 70 are located at the positions close to the circle centers of the fan-shaped metal sheets 40.
When the circularly polarized antenna is used, the working frequency and the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna 100 can be adjusted by changing the field angle and the side length of the triangular metal oscillator 30; the axial ratio characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna 100 in the operating frequency band can be adjusted by changing the radius and the opening angle of the metal segment 40 and the arc length of the metal bent body 60.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that on the premise of not using a complex broadband phase shift feed network, through a metal coaxial vertical interconnection structure, 180 ° phase difference feed to two pairs of upper and lower metal oscillators 30 is realized, a slow wave structure of an annular metal bending body 60 is used to realize 90 ° phase difference of adjacent oscillators 30, and a short-circuit grounded fan-shaped metal sheet 40 is loaded, so as to optimize the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, and realize broadband operation of the circular polarization antenna 100 during single-point feed.
While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that it is intended by the appended drawings and description that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A circularly polarized antenna, comprising:
the metal cover comprises a bottom plate and a peripheral wall vertically connected to the outer edge of the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the peripheral wall define a cavity, and a plurality of grooves communicated with the cavity are formed in the peripheral wall at intervals;
a coaxial assembly connected to the base plate, the coaxial assembly including a coaxial inner core and a coaxial outer skin;
the plurality of vibrators are arranged in the cavity at intervals around the coaxial assembly by taking the axis of the coaxial assembly as a center, part of the vibrators are connected with the coaxial inner core, and the rest vibrators are connected with the coaxial outer skin;
the metal sheets are arranged between every two adjacent vibrators and fixed on the bottom plate through supporting columns.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot has a width of no more than 1/8 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna and a depth of no more than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized antenna.
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the slots are an even number and the slots are evenly spaced.
4. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, further comprising: and the vibrators connected with the coaxial inner core and the vibrators connected between the coaxial outer skins are arranged at intervals through the dielectric gaskets.
5. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein the spacing between the element connected to the inner coaxial core and the element connected to the outer coaxial sheath is 1 to 3mm.
6. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein the dielectric washer is made of one of the following materials:
polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy glass cloth, polyimide and ceramics.
7. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of the oscillators is four, an included angle between two adjacent oscillators is 90 °, two oscillators on the upper layer are connected to the coaxial inner core, and two oscillators on the lower layer are connected to the coaxial outer skin.
8. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 7, further comprising: the two vibrators positioned on the upper layer are connected to one of the bending bodies, and the two vibrators positioned on the lower layer are connected to the other bending body.
9. The circular polarized antenna of claim 7, wherein the difference between the distance from the upper layer of the vibrator to the bottom plate and 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the circular polarized antenna is not greater than a predetermined value, and the distance between the metal sheet and the bottom plate is smaller than the distance between the upper layer of the vibrator and the bottom plate and larger than the distance between the lower layer of the vibrator and the bottom plate.
10. The circularly polarized antenna of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the element is triangular and the metal plate is sector-shaped.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117791156A (en) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-03-29 | 安徽大学 | Small circularly polarized antenna and aircraft wireless communication method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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|---|---|
| CN115663463B (en) | 2023-08-11 |
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