CN117791156A - Small circularly polarized antenna and aircraft wireless communication method - Google Patents
Small circularly polarized antenna and aircraft wireless communication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117791156A CN117791156A CN202410204966.0A CN202410204966A CN117791156A CN 117791156 A CN117791156 A CN 117791156A CN 202410204966 A CN202410204966 A CN 202410204966A CN 117791156 A CN117791156 A CN 117791156A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238633 Odonata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small circularly polarized antenna and an aircraft wireless communication method in the field of antennas, wherein the antenna comprises a medium circular ring, four metal arms fixed in the medium circular ring and arranged in a cross shape, and a coaxial feeder line; the metal arms are composed of a dielectric sheet and metal patches attached to the upper surface or the lower surface of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches of the two metal arms on the same straight line are attached to the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches on the same surface of the dielectric sheet are connected and conducted, and the central conductor and the peripheral conductor of the coaxial feeder are respectively connected with the metal patch feeds on the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet. The circularly polarized antenna adopts the serpentine metal patch, which is beneficial to reducing the length of the metal arm and realizing miniaturization and light weight of the antenna; in addition, the medium ring plays a role in fixing and supporting, and the damage of the metal arm can be avoided through rolling when the antenna is thrown to the ground; in addition, the antenna has the characteristics of stable posture and drifting, so that the antenna is particularly suitable for the scattering deployment of aircrafts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a small circularly polarized antenna and an aircraft wireless communication method.
Background
The small circularly polarized antenna is widely applied in wireless communication, particularly for the application of an outdoor wireless sensor network, the antenna is required to be basically miniaturized, lighter and convenient to arrange, and the current antenna design basically does not consider the application requirements. In addition, in the process of executing some tasks or experiments, the aerial needs to be thrown to meet the wireless communication requirement of specific conditions, however, the existing circularly polarized aerial has poor stability of the post-throwing posture, is unfavorable for signal transmission, and is lack of a protection structure due to landing impact, easy to impact and damage, so that the circularly polarized aerial cannot be used as a throwing aerial.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small circularly polarized antenna and an aircraft wireless communication method, which have the advantages of miniaturization and light weight of a medium substrate, and adopt an antenna radiation arm as a flying cantilever, so that the antenna has the characteristics of being capable of being thrown out to stabilize the posture and drifting.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a compact circularly polarized antenna, the antenna comprising: the device comprises a medium circular ring, four metal arms fixed in the medium circular ring and arranged in a cross shape, and a coaxial feeder;
the metal arms are composed of a dielectric sheet and metal patches attached to the upper surface or the lower surface of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches of the two metal arms on the same straight line are attached to the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches on the same surface of the dielectric sheet are connected and conducted, the coaxial feeder line is located at the axis position of the dielectric ring and is composed of a central conductor and a peripheral conductor which are mutually insulated, and the central conductor and the peripheral conductor are respectively connected with the metal patch feeds on the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet.
The further improvement is that the shape and the size of the metal patches on the four metal arms are the same, each of the four metal arms adopts a serpentine structure comprising a plurality of bends, and the serpentine structure is gradually widened from inside to outside at a certain opening angle.
The antenna is further improved in that the antenna further comprises a dielectric column positioned at the intersection position of the four metal arms, 90-degree phase-shifting rings are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric column, the 90-degree phase-shifting rings positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric column are used for connecting two metal patches which are communicated with the upper surface of the dielectric sheet, and the 90-degree phase-shifting rings positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric column are used for connecting two metal patches which are communicated with the lower surface of the dielectric sheet.
A further improvement consists in that,
the 90-degree phase shifting ring positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric column is integrally formed by a solid circular sheet and a 3/4 circular sheet, the outer side of the circular sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 circular sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet;
the 90-degree phase shifting ring positioned on the lower surface of the medium column is formed by integrally forming a ring-shaped sheet with holes and a 3/4 ring-shaped sheet, the outer side of the ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch on the lower surface of the medium sheet, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch on the lower surface of the medium sheet.
The further improvement is that the central conductor passes through the annular piece of the 90-degree phase shifting ring on the lower surface of the dielectric column and is connected and communicated with the circular piece of the 90-degree phase shifting ring on the upper surface of the dielectric column, and the peripheral conductor is directly connected and communicated with the annular piece of the 90-degree phase shifting ring on the lower surface of the dielectric column.
The four metal arms extend horizontally in the radial direction and extend obliquely in the circumferential direction, and the thickness of the medium column is larger than the height difference generated by the inclination of the metal arms.
The dielectric column is further improved in that four triangular plates are attached to the circumferential side face of the dielectric column and used for conducting connection between the 90-degree phase shifting ring and the metal patch.
The invention also provides an aircraft wireless communication method, which uses the small circularly polarized antenna, and particularly deploys the small circularly polarized antenna as a throwing antenna of an aircraft so as to realize wireless communication after throwing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the circularly polarized antenna adopts the serpentine metal patch, which is beneficial to reducing the length of the metal arm and realizing miniaturization and light weight of the antenna; in addition, the medium ring plays a role in fixing and supporting, and the damage of the metal arm can be avoided through rolling when the antenna is thrown to the ground; in addition, the antenna has the characteristics of stable posture and drifting, so that the antenna is particularly suitable for the scattering deployment of aircrafts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural perspective view of a small circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper surface metal arm of the small circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the lower surface metal arm of the compact circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a 90 phase shift loop on the upper surface of a small circularly polarized antenna;
fig. 5 is a top view of a 90 ° phase shift loop on the lower surface of a small circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a triangular patch attached to the circumferential side of a dielectric pillar in a small circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the structure of a dielectric patch and a dielectric ring in a small circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the S11 and axial ratio of a small circularly polarized antenna as a function of frequency;
FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized antenna in the XOZ plane at 2.4 GHz;
FIG. 10 is a radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized antenna in the YOZ plane at 2.4 GHz;
in the figure: 1. a metal arm of which the upper surface is provided with a metal patch; 2. a media sheet; 3. a metal arm with a metal patch on the lower surface; 4. a medium ring; 5. a center conductor; 6. a peripheral conductor; 7. a 90 DEG phase shifting ring on the upper surface of the dielectric column; 8. a 90 DEG phase shifting ring on the lower surface of the dielectric column; 9. a metal patch; 10. triangular plates; 11. a dielectric column.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a compact circularly polarized antenna, the antenna comprising: the medium circular ring 4, four metal arms which are fixed in the medium circular ring 4 and are arranged in a cross shape, and coaxial feeder lines, and the whole antenna forms a structure similar to a bamboo dragonfly;
the metal arms are composed of a dielectric sheet 2 and metal patches 9 attached to the upper surface or the lower surface of the dielectric sheet 2, the metal patches 9 of the two metal arms on the same straight line are attached to the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet 2, and the metal patches 9 on the same surface of the dielectric sheet 2 are connected and conducted, so that the metal arms 1 with the metal patches 9 on the two upper surfaces form 90-degree phase differences and are conducted, and the metal arms 3 with the metal patches 9 on the two lower surfaces also form 90-degree phase differences and are conducted to form circular polarization; the coaxial feed line is located at the axial position of the dielectric ring 4, the coaxial feed line is composed of a central conductor 5 and a peripheral conductor 6 which are insulated from each other, and the central conductor 5 and the peripheral conductor 6 are respectively in feed connection with a metal patch 9 located on the opposite surface of the dielectric sheet 2.
Preferably, the shape and the size of the metal patches 9 on the four metal arms are the same, a serpentine structure comprising a plurality of bends is adopted, and the serpentine structure is gradually widened from inside to outside at a certain opening angle, so that compared with the traditional linear structure, the length of the metal arms can be greatly reduced, and the overall size and the weight of the antenna can be reduced.
In addition, the antenna further comprises a dielectric column 11 positioned at the intersection position of the four metal arms, 90-degree phase-shifting rings are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric column 11, the 90-degree phase-shifting ring 7 on the upper surface of the dielectric column is used for connecting the two metal patches 9 on the upper surface of the conducting dielectric sheet 2, and the 90-degree phase-shifting ring 8 on the lower surface of the dielectric column is used for connecting the two metal patches 9 on the lower surface of the conducting dielectric sheet 2.
And, two 90 phase shift ring structures are different. The 90-degree phase shifting ring 7 on the upper surface of the dielectric column is integrally formed by a solid circular sheet and a 3/4 circular sheet, the outer side of the circular sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch 9 on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet 2, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 circular sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch 9 on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet 2; the 90-degree phase shifting ring 8 on the lower surface of the medium column is formed by integrally forming a ring-shaped sheet with holes and a 3/4 ring-shaped sheet, the outer side of the ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch 9 on the lower surface of the medium sheet, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch 9 on the lower surface of the medium sheet 2.
In the feed structure, a central conductor 5 passes through an annular piece of a 90-degree phase shifting ring 8 on the lower surface of a dielectric column and a circular piece of the 90-degree phase shifting ring 7 on the upper surface of the dielectric column after passing through the dielectric column 11, and a peripheral conductor is directly connected with the annular piece of the 90-degree phase shifting ring 8 on the lower surface of the dielectric column without passing through the dielectric column 11.
Preferably, the four metal arms extend horizontally in the radial direction and extend obliquely in the circumferential direction, and the thickness of the dielectric column 11 is larger than the height difference generated by the inclination of the metal arms, so that the metal patches 9 on the upper surface and the lower surface are ensured to be non-conductive; in addition, in order to realize feeding, four triangular plates 10 are attached to the circumferential side of the dielectric pillar 11 for connection and conduction between the 90 ° phase shift ring and the corresponding metal patch 9, so that one of the metal patches 9 on the same surface of the dielectric sheet 2 is connected and conducted with the other metal patch 9 sequentially through the triangular plates 10, the 90 ° phase shift ring circular plate (annular plate), the 3/4 circular plate, and the triangular plate 10.
In terms of specific dimensions, the following embodiments may be employed:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the metal patch 9 has a radial length of 16.7mm, a first bending depth of 2.85mm and 2.98mm, a bending length of 3.22mm, a second bending depth of 4.12mm and 2.98mm, a bending length of 4.49mm, and a distance between the two bending depths of 6.13mm.
As shown in FIG. 4, the diameter of the metal circular plate of the 90 DEG phase shifting ring 7 on the upper surface of the dielectric column is 3.81mm, the outer diameter of the 3/4 circular ring is 6mm, and the ring width is 0.81mm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the outer diameter of the metal annular sheet of the 90 DEG phase shifting ring 8 on the lower surface of the dielectric column is 4mm, the inner diameter is 0.912mm, the outer diameter of the metal 3/4 annular sheet is 6mm, and the annular width is 0.81mm.
As shown in fig. 6, four metal triangular plates 10 having the same size and shape are provided on the side wall of the dielectric pillar 11, and the length of the hypotenuse is 1.56mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the dielectric post 11 has a height of 2mm and a radius of 3mm, a hole for the center conductor 5 to pass through is reserved at the center position, and a coaxial feeder having an inner diameter of 0.53mm is selected in this embodiment, and the diameter of the reserved hole should be slightly larger than the inner diameter of the coaxial feeder in consideration of processing. The height difference of the four metal arms is 1mm, the height of the ring medium 4 is 3.4mm, and the width is 1mm.
As shown in FIG. 8, the S11 curve of the small circularly polarized antenna is less than-10 dB in the 2.29-2.65GHz band, and the axial ratio is less than 3dB in the 2.33-2.46GHz band.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of the small circular polarized antenna in the XOZ plane of 2.4GHz, and fig. 10 is a radiation pattern of the small circular polarized antenna in the YOZ plane of 2.4GHz, and it can be seen from the figures that the circular polarized antenna has good radiation performance.
In addition, the invention also provides an aircraft wireless communication method, which applies the small circularly polarized antenna, and particularly deploys the small circularly polarized antenna as a throwing antenna of an aircraft so as to realize wireless communication after throwing. The antenna adopts the special serpentine metal patch, so that the size of the antenna is reduced to a great extent, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. And the four metal arms have a certain inclination angle in the circumferential direction, so that the antenna has the characteristic of being capable of being thrown, and has application value in the sensor fields of aircraft deployment and the like.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A compact circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the device comprises a medium circular ring, four metal arms fixed in the medium circular ring and arranged in a cross shape, and a coaxial feeder;
the metal arms are composed of a dielectric sheet and metal patches attached to the upper surface or the lower surface of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches of the two metal arms on the same straight line are attached to the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet, the metal patches on the same surface of the dielectric sheet are connected and conducted, the coaxial feeder line is located at the axis position of the dielectric ring and is composed of a central conductor and a peripheral conductor which are mutually insulated, and the central conductor and the peripheral conductor are respectively connected with the metal patch feeds on the opposite surfaces of the dielectric sheet.
2. The small circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal patches on the four metal arms are identical in shape and size, each of the four metal arms adopts a serpentine structure comprising a plurality of bends, and the serpentine structure is gradually widened from inside to outside at a certain opening angle.
3. The small circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 further comprising a dielectric post at the intersection of the four metal arms, wherein the dielectric post has a 90 ° phase shift ring on the upper surface and the lower surface, the 90 ° phase shift ring on the upper surface of the dielectric post is used for connecting two metal patches on the upper surface of the conductive dielectric sheet, and the 90 ° phase shift ring on the lower surface of the dielectric post is used for connecting two metal patches on the lower surface of the conductive dielectric sheet.
4. A compact circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the 90-degree phase shifting ring positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric column is integrally formed by a solid circular sheet and a 3/4 circular sheet, the outer side of the circular sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 circular sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric sheet;
the 90-degree phase shifting ring positioned on the lower surface of the medium column is formed by integrally forming a ring-shaped sheet with holes and a 3/4 ring-shaped sheet, the outer side of the ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with one metal patch on the lower surface of the medium sheet, and the extending tail end of the 3/4 ring-shaped sheet is connected and communicated with the other metal patch on the lower surface of the medium sheet.
5. The small circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the central conductor is connected to the circular plate of the 90 ° phase shift ring on the upper surface of the dielectric post after passing through the annular plate of the 90 ° phase shift ring on the lower surface of the dielectric post, and the peripheral conductor is directly connected to the annular plate of the 90 ° phase shift ring on the lower surface of the dielectric post.
6. The small sized and circular polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein the four metal arms extend horizontally in a radial direction and extend obliquely in a circumferential direction, and the thickness of the dielectric pillar is larger than a height difference generated by the inclination of the metal arms.
7. The small-sized circular polarized antenna according to claim 6, wherein four triangular plates are attached to the circumferential side of the dielectric pillar for connection and conduction between the 90 ° phase shift ring and the metal patch.
8. A method of wireless communication for an aircraft, characterized in that the method employs a small circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, and in particular the small circularly polarized antenna is deployed as a cast antenna for an aircraft to achieve post-cast wireless communication.
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| CN202410204966.0A CN117791156B (en) | 2024-02-26 | 2024-02-26 | Small circularly polarized antenna and aircraft wireless communication method |
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| CN202410204966.0A CN117791156B (en) | 2024-02-26 | 2024-02-26 | Small circularly polarized antenna and aircraft wireless communication method |
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