CN112467395B - Miniaturized low-profile double-circular polarized antenna - Google Patents
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- CN112467395B CN112467395B CN202011192065.2A CN202011192065A CN112467395B CN 112467395 B CN112467395 B CN 112467395B CN 202011192065 A CN202011192065 A CN 202011192065A CN 112467395 B CN112467395 B CN 112467395B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniaturized low-profile double-circular polarized antenna, which comprises a pair of orthogonal annular dipoles, a coupling feeder line, a first supporting dielectric plate, a second supporting dielectric plate, a feeding coaxial line, a feeding network plate and a reflecting plate, wherein TLY plates are used as dielectric substrates for the dipoles and the coupling feeder layer, and the dipoles and the feeder line are printed on two sides of the dielectric substrates; the dipole is printed on the bottom surface, and the coupling feeder is printed on the top surface; one section of the feeder line is arranged on the top surface of the medium, and the other section of the feeder line is arranged on the bottom surface of the medium substrate and is connected through Kong Duanlu metal columns; the dipoles adopt two pairs of orthogonal square ring structures, 4 protruding branches are added to opposite angles of each pair of dipoles, a section of uneven coupling is introduced between the dipoles and the resonators, current distribution on the dipoles is changed, movement of modes is controlled, new resonance points are introduced, and bandwidth of the antenna is improved. The present invention solves the design and installation problems of miniaturized broadband antennas in compact multimode terminals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a miniaturized low-profile dual-circularly polarized antenna, and belongs to the technical field of satellite communication.
Background
The wide-band antenna can realize signal transmission or reception of a plurality of working frequency bands, effectively improves the caliber efficiency of the antenna, realizes multiplexing of the same caliber of the antenna in a narrow space, and is widely applied to satellite communication, navigation, data transmission and the like.
In the field of satellite communication, with the development of antenna satellite technology, satellite communication antennas are being developed towards miniaturization, low profile and broadband, and the antennas are required to work in a plurality of frequency bands, and meanwhile, in a limited caliber, the requirements on the size, the weight and the like of the antennas are generally strict. The dipole antenna has the advantages of wide working frequency band, good directional diagram stability and the like, and can realize miniaturization, low profile and double circular polarization work through reasonable structural design.
In the fields of communication, navigation and radar, many broadband circularly polarized antennas have emerged, such as microstrip antennas, array antennas, log periodic antennas, and the like. However, the antenna has a relatively narrow bandwidth and a relatively high antenna height in the same size, and is not suitable for a small, low-profile, wide-band transmission environment in satellite communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the utility model provides a solve the design and the installation problem of miniaturized broadband antenna in compact multimode terminal that overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, proposes a miniaturized low profile dual circular polarized antenna.
The solution of the invention is as follows:
A miniaturized low-profile dual circularly polarized antenna comprises a pair of orthogonal ring dipoles, a coupling feeder line, a first supporting dielectric plate, a second supporting dielectric plate, a feeding coaxial line, a feeding network plate and a reflecting plate,
The dipole and the coupling feed layer adopt TLY plates as medium substrates, and the dipole and the feed line are printed on two sides of the medium substrates; the dipole is printed on the bottom surface, and the coupling feeder is printed on the top surface; one section of the feeder line is arranged on the top surface of the medium, and the other section of the feeder line is arranged on the bottom surface of the medium substrate and is connected through Kong Duanlu metal columns;
The dipoles adopt two pairs of orthogonal square ring structures, 4 protruding branches are added to opposite angles of each pair of dipoles, a section of uneven coupling is introduced between the dipoles and the resonator, current distribution on the dipoles is changed, movement of modes is controlled, new resonance points are introduced, and bandwidth of the antenna is improved;
Two layers of medium supporting structures are added between the dipole layer and the feed network so as to reduce the height of the dipole antenna, wherein a first layer of supporting medium plate adopts rigid foam with a dielectric constant of 1.1 and a thickness of 8mm, and a second layer of supporting medium plate adopts a TP-2 medium plate with a dielectric constant of 6.15 and a thickness of 13 mm;
The feeding coaxial line adopts a three-section split SMP structure, the upper section adopts a label SMP connector (51), an outer conductor is connected with one annular arm of the dipole, and an inner conductor via hole is welded with a coupling feeding line on the top layer.
Further, the signal is input through a 50Ω standard coaxial line and then converted to a feed line, energy is coupled to the other arm of the ring dipole through the feed line to effect feeding, and impedance matching is adjusted by changing the size of the "key" type coupling feed line.
Further, the lower section adopts a patch SMP connector, an outer conductor is welded with the ground of the feed network, and an inner conductor is welded with the signal input end of the feed network.
Furthermore, the middle section adopts standard SMP-KK switching to realize up-down opposite insertion fixation.
Furthermore, the feed network board adopts a 3dB directional coupling bridge with a gap coupling structure, multiple layers of dielectric plates are stacked together, a stacked public surface is used as a grounding plate, a certain shape is formed on the grounding plate for slotting, an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate which are positioned at two sides of the gap are respectively provided with a patch structure, and the upper patch and the lower patch generate a gap coupling effect through the middle gap.
Further, the first port of the slot-coupled 3dB bridge as input is matched, while the fourth port is isolated, the second port is a pass-through port, and the third port is a coupled port; the coupling bridge has even and odd mode input impedances at the first port represented as:
wherein Z 0e and Z 0o are even mode and odd mode characteristic impedances, Z 0 is termination load impedance, and C is a voltage coupling coefficient.
Further, the dipole layer, the first supporting dielectric plate, the second supporting dielectric plate, the feed network plate and the reflecting plate adopt an up-down laminated structure, so that the opposite-plug SMP connector is not stressed.
Furthermore, 4 support columns are arranged at four corners of the antenna, and the dipole patch, the support dielectric plate and the feed network plate are fixed on the reflecting plate through embedded screws of the support columns.
Further, the working bandwidth of the antenna is 44%, and the coverage frequency band is 1.6 GHz-2.5 GHz; the size of the antenna array element is 0.4λ×0.4λ×0.25λ, and λ is the central frequency point wavelength.
Further, in the working frequency band, the standing wave of the antenna is smaller than 2.0, the maximum gain of the array element is larger than 5.0dB, and the array gain is larger than 12.0dB.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention adopts 6 array elements rotating in sequence to form a circular array, the circular array has good symmetry and high caliber utilization rate. By utilizing the secondary circular polarization principle, the axial ratio bandwidth can be improved, and the circular polarization characteristic during antenna line width angle scanning can be improved;
(2) The array element adopts a planar dipole structure, the dipoles adopt an asymmetric square ring structure, 4 protruding branches are added to each pair of dipole diagonals, uneven coupling feed is introduced, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively increased. Meanwhile, the coupling feeder adopts a key-type structure, so that impedance matching is further improved, and broadband matching in resonance bandwidth is realized;
(3) According to the invention, two supporting medium layers are added on the basis of a planar dipole, the height of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization and low profile (60 mm multiplied by 25 mm) of the antenna are realized while the relative bandwidth of the antenna is ensured to be more than 44% through the selection of the supporting plates with high and low dielectric constants and different thicknesses;
(4) The feed network adopts a tightly coupled strip line 90-degree bridge, a split SMP (symmetric multi-processor) opposite-inserting structure is adopted between the feed network and a coupling feeder, the feed network and the coupling feeder are welded up and down, and the feed network and the coupling feeder are embedded in a supporting plate, so that the problem of circular polarization feed of a dipole antenna is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a planar dipole;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dipole feeding;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stripline coupling bridge;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial feeder;
fig. 6 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the antenna array of the present invention is a sequential rotation circular polarized array, and the circularly polarized wave with higher polarization purity can be synthesized by two multi-line polarized waves or circularly polarized waves. The 6 antenna array elements rotate 60 degrees around the center of the circular ring array sequentially, and the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is further improved through secondary circular polarization formed by rotation of the units, so that the low-elevation circular polarization performance of the antenna is improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the array element structure of the present invention. Comprises a pair of orthogonal ring dipoles 11, a pair of key-shaped coupling feed lines 12, a first supporting dielectric plate 21, a second supporting dielectric plate 22, a feed coaxial line 5, a feed network plate 3 and a reflecting plate 4.
The dipole and the coupling feed layer are printed on two sides of the medium substrate by using TLY plates as the medium substrate. The dipole patch 11 is printed on the bottom surface, and the coupling feeder 12 is printed on the top surface. To prevent the intersection of two pairs of orthogonal feed lines, one section of the feed line is on the top surface of the dielectric and one section is on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, connected by Kong Duanlu metal posts.
The dipole patch 11 adopts two pairs of orthogonal square ring structures, and the asymmetric square ring structures can reduce the size of the dipoles, and 4 protruding branches are added to the diagonal angles of each pair of dipoles. One dipole acts as a ring resonator and the movement of the second mode can be controlled by controlling the coupling between the dipole and the resonator. The introduction of the edge protruding branches introduces a section of uneven coupling between the dipole and the resonator, and changes the current distribution on the dipole, so that the moving surface of the control mode also changes the current distribution on the dipole, thereby controlling the movement of the mode, introducing new resonance points and improving the bandwidth of the antenna.
The dipole antenna is generally about 1/4 wavelength in height, and in order to reduce the height of the antenna, a two-layer dielectric support structure is added between the dipole layer and the feed network, wherein the first layer of support dielectric plate 21 adopts rigid foam with a dielectric constant of 1.1 and a thickness of 8mm, and the second layer of support dielectric plate 22 adopts TP-2 dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 6.15 and a thickness of 13 mm. Through the supporting structures with two layers of different dielectric constants and thicknesses, the bandwidth can be ensured, the height of the antenna can be reduced, and a lower profile can be realized.
The coaxial feeder adopts a three-section split SMP structure, the upper section adopts a label SMP connector 51, an outer conductor is connected with one annular arm of the dipole, and an inner conductor via hole is welded with a coupling feeder line on the top layer. The signal is input through a 50 omega standard coaxial line and then converted to a feed line, energy is coupled through the feed line to the other arm of the ring dipole to effect feeding, and impedance matching is adjusted by changing the size of the "key" type coupling feed line. The lower section adopts a patch SMP connector 52, the outer conductor is welded to the feed network ground, and the inner conductor is welded to the feed network signal input. The middle section adopts a standard SMP-KK switching 53 to realize the up-down opposite insertion fixation.
The feed network board 3 adopts a slot coupling structure 3dB directional coupling bridge, adopts a multi-layer dielectric board slot coupling technology, stacks the multi-layer dielectric boards together, uses a stacked public surface as a grounding board, digs out a certain shape on the grounding board to carry out slotting, and the upper dielectric board and the lower dielectric board which are positioned at two sides of the slot are respectively provided with a patch structure, and can generate a slot coupling effect through the middle slot. The feed network has the advantages of strong coupling, compact structure, good consistency of wide bandwidth and the like.
The slot-coupled 3dB bridge schematic is shown in fig. 2-4, where the first port as input is matched and the fourth port is isolated, the second port is a pass-through port, and the third port is a coupled port. The coupling bridge's even and odd mode input impedance at the first port can be expressed as:
Wherein Z 0e and Z 0o are even mode and odd mode characteristic impedances, Z 0 is termination load impedance, and C is a voltage coupling coefficient. When the terminal characteristic impedance Z 0 =50Ω and the voltage coupling coefficient c=3 dB, the even mode characteristic impedance Z 0e =120.5Ω and the odd mode characteristic impedance Z 0o =20.7Ω required for the design can be derived from the above equation.
The dipole layer 1, the first supporting dielectric plate 21, the second supporting dielectric plate 22, the feeding network plate 3 and the reflecting plate 4 adopt an up-down stacked structure. The antenna is characterized in that 4 support columns 51 are arranged at four corners of the antenna, and a dipole patch, a support medium plate and a feed network plate are fixed on a reflecting plate through embedded screws of the support columns.
The antenna has an operating bandwidth of 44%, a coverage frequency band of 1.6 GHz-2.5 GHz, an array element size of 60mm multiplied by 25mm (0.4lambda multiplied by 0.25lambda, lambda is the wavelength of a central frequency point), an array size phi 220mm multiplied by 25mm, and the weight of the array is less than 1Kg. In the working frequency band, the standing wave of the antenna is smaller than 2.0, the maximum gain of the array element is larger than 5.0dB, and the array gain is larger than 12.0dB, so that beam scanning can be realized according to the use requirement.
Specifically, the antenna is formed by 6 sequentially rotating antenna units to form an annular array, and each antenna array element comprises a pair of orthogonal annular dipoles 11, a pair of key-shaped coupling feed lines 12, a first supporting dielectric plate 21, a second supporting dielectric plate 22, a feed coaxial line 5, a feed network plate 3 and a reflecting plate 4. The dipole 1, the support plate 2 and the feeding network layer 3 are stacked and fixed to the reflecting plate 4 by lamination screws 41.
The annular array consists of 6 identical antenna array elements, each antenna array element sequentially rotates around the center of the annular ring by 60 degrees, and the spacing between the antenna array elements is 68mm.
The planar dipole adopts a laminated structure, and comprises a dipole, a feeder line 1, a first supporting medium plate 21, a second supporting medium plate 22, a feed network 4 and a reflecting plate 5 from top to bottom.
The dipoles and the feeder lines are printed on two sides of the dielectric substrate. The dipole patch 11 is printed on the bottom surface, and the coupling feeder 12 is printed on the top surface; the dipole patch adopts an asymmetric square ring form, and each pair of dipole opposite angles has 4 protruding branches.
The coupling feeder 12 adopts a key-type asymmetric square ring structure, and one section of the feeder is arranged on the top surface of the medium and the other section of the feeder is arranged on the bottom surface of the medium substrate and is connected through Kong Duanlu metal columns.
The support plate adopts two layers of dielectric plates with different dielectric constants, the dielectric constant of the first support plate 21 is 1.1, the dielectric constant of the second support plate 22 is 6.15, the thickness of the first support plate is 8mm, and the thickness of the first support plate is 8mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the feeding coaxial line 5 in the present invention has a split structure, the upper and lower ends are respectively welded with the coupling feeder and the feeding network input end by using the label SMP connectors 51 and 52, and the middle is inserted by using the standard SMP-KK adapter 53, so that the feeding network and the coupling feeder are welded together, and respectively feed to a pair of orthogonal dipoles.
6 Antenna units form a circular ring-shaped sequential rotary plane array, and the antenna array elements sequentially rotate around the center of the circular ring by 60 degrees with a spacing of 68mm.
The planar dipole array element adopts a laminated structure, and is sequentially provided with a dipole, feed lines 11 and 12, a first supporting dielectric plate 21, a second supporting dielectric plate 22, a feed network 3 and a reflecting plate 4 from top to bottom.
The dipole patch 11 and the feeder line 12 are printed on two sides of the dielectric substrate. The dipole is printed on the bottom surface, and the coupling feeder is printed on the top surface.
The coupling feeder 12 adopts a key-type asymmetric square ring structure, and one section of the feeder is arranged on the top surface of the medium and the other section of the feeder is arranged on the bottom surface of the medium substrate and is connected through Kong Duanlu metal columns.
The dipole patch 11 takes the form of an asymmetric square ring with 4 protruding branches at each pair of opposite corners.
The outer conductor of the feed dipole coaxial line 5 is connected with one annular arm of the dipole, and the inner conductor via hole is welded with the coupling feeder 12 on the top layer.
The feeding coaxial line 5 is of a split structure, the upper end and the lower end of the feeding coaxial line are respectively welded with the coupling feeder line 12 and the input end of the feeding network by adopting label SMP connectors 51 and 52, and the middle of the feeding coaxial line is inserted by adopting a standard SMP-KK 53.
The support plate adopts two layers of dielectric plates with different dielectric constants, the electricity-saving constant of the first support plate 21 is smaller by 1-3, the electricity-saving constant of the second support plate 22 is larger by 5-10, and the thickness of the first support plate is smaller than that of the second support plate.
The invention adopts 6 array elements rotating in sequence to form a circular array, the circular array has good symmetry and high caliber utilization rate. By utilizing the secondary circular polarization principle, the axial ratio bandwidth can be improved, and the circular polarization characteristic during antenna line width angle scanning can be improved;
The array element adopts a planar dipole structure, the dipoles adopt an asymmetric square ring structure, 4 protruding branches are added to each pair of dipole diagonals, uneven coupling feed is introduced, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively increased. Meanwhile, the coupling feeder adopts a key-type structure, so that impedance matching is further improved, and broadband matching in resonance bandwidth is realized;
according to the invention, two supporting medium layers are added on the basis of a planar dipole, the height of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization and low profile (60 mm multiplied by 25 mm) of the antenna are realized while the relative bandwidth of the antenna is ensured to be more than 44% through the selection of the supporting plates with high and low dielectric constants and different thicknesses;
The feed network adopts a tightly coupled strip line 90-degree bridge, a split SMP (symmetric multi-processor) opposite-inserting structure is adopted between the feed network and a coupling feeder, the feed network and the coupling feeder are welded up and down, and the feed network and the coupling feeder are embedded in a supporting plate, so that the problem of circular polarization feed of a dipole antenna is solved.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The miniaturized low-profile double-circular polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a pair of orthogonal annular dipoles (11), a pair of orthogonal key-shaped annular coupling feed lines (12), a first supporting dielectric plate (21), a second supporting dielectric plate (22), a feed coaxial line (5), a feed network plate (3) and a reflecting plate (4),
The dipole and the key-type coupling feeder form a dipole layer, the dipole and the key-type coupling feeder are printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate is a TLY plate; the dipole (11) is printed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, and the key-type coupling feeder is printed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate; the key-type coupling feeder is formed by connecting two parts, wherein one part is a ring-shaped coupling section, the other part is a strip-shaped feeding section, one part of the feeding section of the key-type coupling feeder is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, and the part is connected with the other parts of the feeding section through a short-circuit metal column so as to prevent the two orthogonal key-type coupling feeders from crossing;
each pair of dipoles comprises two symmetrical square ring structures, each square ring structure is provided with 1 protruding branch on the opposite angle, and the current distribution on the dipoles is changed, so that the movement of a mode is controlled, a new resonance point is introduced, and the bandwidth of the antenna is improved;
Two layers of medium supporting structures are arranged between the dipole layer and the feed network plate so as to reduce the height of the dipole antenna, a first supporting medium plate (21) adopts rigid foam with a dielectric constant of 1.1 and a thickness of 8mm, and a second supporting medium plate (22) adopts a TP-2 medium plate with a dielectric constant of 6.15 and a thickness of 13 mm;
The feed coaxial line (5) adopts a three-section split SMP structure, the upper section adopts a label SMP connector (51), an outer conductor is connected with a square ring structure of a dipole, and an inner conductor is connected with a key-type coupling feeder;
The signal is input through a 50 omega standard coaxial line and then is converted to a key-type coupling feed line, and is further coupled to another square ring structure of the annular dipole so as to realize feed, and the impedance matching is adjusted by changing the size of the key-type coupling feed line;
The feed network board (3) adopts a 3dB directional coupling bridge with a gap coupling structure, a plurality of layers of dielectric boards are stacked together, a stacked public surface is used as a grounding board, a gap with a specific shape is formed on the grounding board, an upper dielectric board and a lower dielectric board which are positioned at two sides of the gap are respectively provided with a patch structure, and a gap coupling effect is generated by the upper patch and the lower patch through the middle gap;
The first port of the 3dB bridge of the slot coupling structure is an input port, the fourth port is an isolation port, the second port is a through port, and the third port is a coupling port; the coupling bridge has even and odd mode input impedances at the first port represented as:
wherein Z 0e and Z 0o are even mode and odd mode characteristic impedances, Z 0 is terminal load impedance, and C is a voltage coupling coefficient;
The working bandwidth of the antenna is 44%, and the coverage frequency band is 1.6 GHz-2.5 GHz; the size of the antenna array element is 0.4λ×0.4λ×0.25λ, and λ is the central frequency point wavelength.
2. A miniaturized low profile dual circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lower section of the feed coaxial line is a patch SMP connector, the outer conductor is soldered to the ground of the feed network board, and the inner conductor is soldered to the signal input of the feed network board.
3. A miniaturized low profile dual circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the middle section is adapted to be secured in an up-down orientation by a standard SMP-KK switch (53).
4. A miniaturized low-profile dual circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the dipole layer, the first supporting dielectric plate (21), the second supporting dielectric plate (22), the feeding network plate (3) and the reflecting plate (4) are of a stacked structure up and down, so that the opposite SMP joint is not stressed.
5. A miniaturized low-profile dual circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that 4 support columns (51) are arranged at the four corners of the antenna, by means of which support columns the dipole layer, the two support dielectric plates and the feed network plate are fixed to the reflecting plate.
6. The miniaturized low-profile dual circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the standing wave of the antenna is less than 2.0, the maximum gain of the array element is greater than 5.0dB, and the array gain is greater than 12.0dB in the operating frequency band.
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| CN202011192065.2A CN112467395B (en) | 2020-10-30 | Miniaturized low-profile double-circular polarized antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011192065.2A CN112467395B (en) | 2020-10-30 | Miniaturized low-profile double-circular polarized antenna |
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| CN112467395B true CN112467395B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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| CN202352833U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-07-25 | 广西工学院 | Miniaturized planar ultra wide band antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002111328A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | Power branch and combination device |
| CN202352833U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-07-25 | 广西工学院 | Miniaturized planar ultra wide band antenna |
| CN106785405A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of low section dual polarization dipole subbase station antenna of loading AMC reflecting plates |
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