CN109301489B - Low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication - Google Patents
Low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile high-isolation dual-frequency dual-polarization slot antenna based on AMC (advanced mezzanine card) applied to 5G communication, which comprises a reflection floor, a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are arranged above the center of the reflection floor, a third dielectric plate is arranged below the reflection floor, dipoles are pasted on the first dielectric plate, the antenna also comprises an artificial magnetic conductor structure, the artificial magnetic conductor structure consists of circular copper sheets, third media, square copper sheets and an air cavity, the circular copper sheets are periodically arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate, the third media, the square copper sheets are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate, the air cavity is arranged between the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate, the upper surface of the second dielectric plate is the surface of the artificial. The antenna designed by the invention realizes the broadband characteristic of the antenna, the two port bandwidths of the antenna respectively cover 3.28-5.31 GHz (47.3%) and 3.29-5.32GHz (47.2%), and the antenna can be applied to 5G microwave communication. Meanwhile, high isolation and low cross polarization performance are achieved, and a 1 x 4 high-gain antenna array is achieved through a differential feed network.
Description
[ technical field ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication and an array thereof.
[ background art ]
In modern mobile communication systems, dual polarized antennas are of great interest. On one hand, the antenna can widen the channel capacity by applying the dual polarization technology; on the other hand, the dual-polarized antenna can effectively reduce the multipath fading effect.
With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the wireless communication system has higher and higher requirements on antenna performance. In order to meet the requirements of wireless communication systems, researchers have put a lot of effort on the design and development of dual-polarized antennas. However, in the present stage, the development of dual-polarized antenna still faces many problems which need to be solved urgently. On the one hand, dual-polarized antennas face a number of challenges in terms of miniaturization; on the other hand, dual polarized antennas also face a number of difficulties in terms of port isolation.
Currently, dual polarized antennas mainly include three types, including patch antennas, electromagnetic dipole antennas, and dipole antennas. The patch antenna can realize a wide frequency band by using feed structures such as an F-shaped probe and a double L-shaped probe, but the antenna of the type has the problems of complicated structure, difficult reduction in height and unstable radiation. The electromagnetic dipole antenna has the characteristics of broadband and stable radiation performance, but the antenna has a complex structure and faces the problem of huge volume of the antenna. The dipole antenna can realize a broadband characteristic with a relatively simple structure, but still has a problem that the height of the antenna is difficult to be reduced. With Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC), the profile of a dipole antenna can be effectively reduced. However, low-profile antennas based on AMC technology are currently faced with the problems of narrow impedance bandwidth and unstable radiation.
The differential circuit has good anti-noise performance and plays an important role in a communication system. However, the conventional dual-polarized antenna has only one feeding port, cannot directly use a differential circuit, and can be connected to a communication system using the differential circuit by using a balun or other switching device. But this adds additional power loss and complicates the structure.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the defects, the invention redesigns the existing dual-polarized antenna and obviously improves the performance of the existing antenna, and provides the low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication and the antenna array thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a be applied to high isolation difference dual polarization slot antenna of low section of 5G communication, includes the reflection floor of constituteing by the square copper sheet of periodic arrangement and sets up first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate in reflection floor center top, reflection floor below still is equipped with the third dielectric plate, paste the dipole on the first dielectric plate, the dipole is through the coaxial line power supply, is equipped with the hole that supplies the coaxial line to pass on first dielectric plate, second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate, still includes artifical magnetic conductor structure, and the artifical magnetic conductor structure that this antenna was used comprises the ring shape copper sheet of periodic arrangement of second dielectric plate and second dielectric plate upper surface, the square copper sheet of periodic arrangement of third dielectric plate and third dielectric plate upper surface, and the air chamber that forms between second, the third dielectric plate.
Furthermore, the dipole is arranged on the first dielectric plate by taking a cross-shaped microstrip line as a feed structure and taking a circular copper sheet with a gap as a radiation patch;
furthermore, the cross-shaped microstrip line is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, and the tail ends of the cross-shaped microstrip line are respectively connected with the feed port through the coaxial line.
Furthermore, a circular copper sheet with a gap is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate as a radiation patch, the gap of the circular copper sheet is in a cross shape, and the tail ends of the cross-shaped gap are connected through a bent microstrip line.
Furthermore, the centers of the cross-shaped microstrip line and the circular copper sheet are in the same vertical position, and the four directions of the extension of the cross-shaped slot on the cross-shaped microstrip line and the circular copper sheet are staggered at a central rotation interval of 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the second dielectric slab is an artificial magnetic conductor surface, and the artificial magnetic conductor surface is composed of 64 circular copper sheets which are periodically arranged.
Further, the dielectric plates are all F4B high-frequency dielectric plates.
The invention also provides a low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna array applied to 5G communication, which comprises the four antenna units which are linearly arranged, wherein the four antenna units are powered by a differential feed network, the differential feed network consists of two one-to-eight differential feed structures, and each differential feed structure consists of seven T-shaped power dividers and eight phase shifters.
Furthermore, the four antenna units share the reflecting floor and the artificial magnetic conductor structure.
The invention has the following advantages: the miniaturization of the broadband dual-polarized antenna is realized, the performances of high isolation and low cross polarization of the dual-polarized antenna are realized, meanwhile, the structure of the dual-polarized antenna is simplified, and the high-gain antenna array is increased.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of an antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top surface of a first dielectric plate of the antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom surface of the first dielectric plate of the antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an artificial magnetic conductor surface of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows an artificial magnetic conductor unit structure of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a partial structure of the artificial magnetic conductor unit of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array differential feed network according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional view of an antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows simulated standing wave ratio and gain of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows the port isolation of the antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a 3.5GHz pattern for port i of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a 4.9GHz pattern for port i of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a 3.5GHz pattern of port ii of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 14 shows the 4.9GHz pattern of port ii of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a diagram of the reflection phase of the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 16 shows the gain of the antenna array of the present invention.
The coaxial cable comprises a first dielectric plate 1, a second dielectric plate 2, a third dielectric plate 3, a square copper sheet 4, a cross-shaped microstrip line 11, a feed probe 12, a radiation patch 13, a cross-shaped gap 14, a circular copper sheet 21, a hole through which a coaxial cable passes 22, an artificial magnetic conductor unit 23 and an air cavity 24.
[ detailed description of the invention ]
In order to make the technical means by which the invention is implemented clear, the invention is further elucidated below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. It should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product is usually placed in use, it is only for convenience of describing and simplifying the present invention, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the low-profile high-isolation dual-frequency dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication and based on AMC comprises a reflection floor composed of periodically arranged square copper sheets 4, a first dielectric plate 1 and a second dielectric plate 2, wherein the first dielectric plate 1 and the second dielectric plate 2 are arranged above the center of the reflection floor, a third dielectric plate 3 is arranged below the reflection floor, dipoles are attached to the first dielectric plate 1 and are supplied with power through coaxial lines, and holes 22 for the coaxial lines to pass through are formed in the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate; the dipole on the first dielectric plate 1 is composed of a cross-shaped microstrip line 11 and a circular radiation patch 13 with a cross-shaped gap 14, and the tail end of the cross-shaped gap of the radiation patch 13 is connected by a bent slender microstrip line.
As shown in fig. 2, a cross-shaped microstrip line 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 1 of the antenna unit of the present invention, and the ends of the microstrip line are respectively connected to feed by coaxial feed probes 12, the number of the ports in the figure is four, the four ports are paired with each other, and the paired ports perform differential transmission on the same signal.
As shown in fig. 3, for the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 1 of the antenna unit of the present invention, a circular radiation patch 13 having a cross-shaped slot 14 is disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 1, the diameter of the circular radiation patch is 40mm, the width of the cross-shaped slot is 3.7mm, and the length of each microstrip line at the end of the slot is 8.0mm and the width is 0.8 mm. In order to simplify the structure of the antenna, keep the miniaturization characteristic of the antenna and enable the antenna to cover a wider frequency band, the invention uses a bent slender microstrip line at the tail end of a cross-shaped slot of an antenna radiation patch, and the bent slender microstrip line can be equivalent to an inductance device in a circuit. By doing so, the effective current length can be extended, so that the size of the radiating patch can be reduced, and meanwhile, a wider impedance bandwidth can be realized, and the characteristic of an antenna broadband can be realized.
By combining the perspective view of fig. 1 and the first dielectric plate structures of fig. 2 and 3, the cross-shaped microstrip line and the center of the circular copper sheet 13 with the cross-shaped gap 14 are in the same vertical position, the four directions in which the cross-shaped microstrip line and the cross-shaped gap on the circular copper sheet extend are staggered at 45-degree intervals by rotating the center, and the structure is ingenious.
As shown in fig. 4, the surface of the artificial magnetic conductor of the antenna unit of the present invention is a part of the artificial magnetic conductor, and only the second dielectric plate 2 and the circular copper sheets 21 arranged periodically are shown, wherein the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 2 is the surface of the artificial magnetic conductor, the surface of the artificial magnetic conductor is composed of the circular copper sheets 21 arranged periodically, the circular copper sheets 21 have 64 sheets in total, the corresponding reflective floor is also composed of 64 square copper sheets 4 arranged periodically, the number of the circular copper sheets 21 corresponds to that of the square copper sheets 4 one by one, and the middle of the circular copper sheets is hollow.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific artificial magnetic conductor structure 23, which is composed of circular copper sheets 21 periodically arranged on the second dielectric plate 2 and the upper surface thereof, a third dielectric plate 3 and square copper sheets 4 periodically arranged on the upper surface thereof, and an air cavity 24 between the second dielectric plate 2 and the third dielectric plate 3. The size of the circular copper sheet on the surface is as follows: the diameter of the large circle is 11mm, and the diameter of the hollow circle inside is 2.2 mm. When the reflection floor is used, the artificial magnetic conductor structure units are arranged periodically, the square copper sheets 4 are connected together to form the reflection floor shown in the figure 1, and due to the existence of the mirror image theorem, the incident wave and the reflected wave on the surface of an ideal electric conductor have a phase difference of 180 degrees, so that the distance between the reflection floor and an antenna must be lambda/4. If the distance is too close, the image current formed by the metal surface is opposite to the dipole, which will seriously affect the radiation of the antenna, so the use of the metal reflecting surface is not favorable for the reduction of the longitudinal dimension of the antenna. The artificial magnetic conductor structure (AMC) adopted by the invention has the same-phase reflection characteristic, namely, the phases of the incident wave and the reflected wave on the surface of the artificial magnetic conductor structure are consistent, so that the distance between the artificial magnetic conductor structure and the antenna can be very close, the wave path is effectively shortened, and the longitudinal size of the antenna is reduced.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna array, as shown in fig. 8, including the four antenna units, which are arranged in a straight line, where the four antenna units are powered by a differential feed network, as shown in fig. 7, the differential feed network is composed of two one-to-eight differential feed structures, each differential feed structure is composed of seven T-type power dividers and eight phase shifters, and the four antenna units share a reflective floor and an artificial magnetic conductor structure.
The ports i and ii in fig. 7 are feed ports of an antenna array composed of four antenna units, the antenna array of the structure has only two input ports, each input signal generates four differential signals with a phase difference of 180 degrees after passing through the feed network, and the four differential signals are respectively transmitted to four antennas in the array, and the input signals to the four antennas are the same. As shown in fig. 2, a single antenna has 4 ports, four ports are paired with each other, and the paired ports perform differential transmission on the same signal.
In order to meet the requirement of modern mobile communication on the isolation degree of the antenna, the invention applies a differential feed technology and directly uses a differential feed structure, thereby greatly improving the isolation degree of the antenna and simultaneously reducing the cross polarization of the antenna, and simultaneously avoiding the power loss caused by using a balance-unbalance converter or other conversion devices when the common dual-polarized antenna uses the differential feed technology. Thereby achieving high isolation and low cross polarization.
Fig. 11 is a 3.5GHz pattern for port i of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a 4.9GHz pattern for port i of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a 3.5GHz pattern of port ii of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 14 shows the 4.9GHz pattern of the antenna array port ii of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 11-14, the cross polarization of the antenna array of the present invention is less than-32 dB in the 5G communication band, and the front-to-back ratio is greater than 15 dB.
Fig. 15 is a diagram of the reflection phase of the AMC antenna array of the present invention. Generally, a frequency range in which the reflection phase of the artificial magnetic conductor is within ± 90 degrees is considered as an in-phase reflection region, that is, a reflection phase band gap of the artificial magnetic conductor. The artificial magnetic conductor has the characteristic that the phases of an incident wave and a reflected wave on the surface of the artificial magnetic conductor are consistent, so that the longitudinal size of the antenna is greatly reduced. Fig. 15 illustrates that the reflection phase band gap of the artificial magnetic conductor is 2.96-5.13GHz, and the artificial magnetic conductor covers a 5G communication frequency band.
In general, the antenna of the present invention has the following features:
1. the artificial magnetic conductor structure is utilized to shorten the wave path difference, so that the height of the antenna is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the edges of the gaps of the radiation patches are connected by curved microstrip lines, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is realized, and the miniaturization size of the antenna is 40mm x 9.5mm and is about 0.56 lambdaC*0.56λC*0.13λC。
2. The invention realizes the broadband characteristic of the antenna by connecting the edges of the antenna radiation patch gaps by curved microstrip lines, as shown in figure 9, the differential dual-polarized slot antenna simulates the standing wave ratio and the gain, the bandwidths of two ports of the antenna array respectively cover 3.28-5.31 GHz (47.3%) and 3.29-5.32GHz (47.2%), and the antenna array can be applied to 5G microwave communication.
3. The invention uses the differential feed technology, realizes high isolation and low cross polarization of the antenna, avoids power loss caused by using a balance-unbalance converter or other conversion devices, and simplifies the structure of the antenna. As shown in fig. 10, the isolation of the antenna array of the present invention is lower than-37 dB, and the cross polarization is lower than-32 dB, so that the high isolation and low cross polarization performance of the antenna are realized.
4. As shown in fig. 16, the antenna array gain of the present invention realizes the high gain characteristic of the antenna by designing 1 × 4 antenna array using the differential feed network, the average gain of the low frequency part of the antenna array of the present invention is 21dBi, and the average gain of the high frequency part of the antenna array is 19 dBi.
All technical schemes belonging to the principle of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. Modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna applied to 5G communication is characterized by comprising a reflection floor, a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the reflection floor is composed of square copper sheets which are arranged periodically, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are arranged above the center of the reflection floor, a third dielectric plate is arranged below the reflection floor, dipoles are pasted on the first dielectric plate and are powered through coaxial lines, holes for the coaxial lines to pass through are formed in the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate, and an artificial magnetic conductor structure is further included and consists of circular copper sheets which are arranged periodically on the upper surfaces of the second dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, square copper sheets which are arranged periodically on the upper surfaces of the third dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate, and an air cavity formed between the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate;
the dipole is composed of a cross-shaped microstrip line serving as a feed structure and a circular copper sheet with a gap serving as a radiation patch, and is arranged on the first dielectric plate; the cross-shaped microstrip line is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, and the tail ends of the cross-shaped microstrip line are respectively connected with the feed port through coaxial lines; the circular copper sheet with the gap is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate as a radiation patch, the gap of the circular copper sheet is in a cross shape, and the tail ends of the cross-shaped gap are connected by a bent microstrip line; the cross-shaped microstrip line and the center of the circular copper sheet are in the same vertical position, and the four directions in which the cross-shaped microstrip line and the cross-shaped gap on the circular copper sheet extend are staggered at 45-degree intervals by rotating the centers.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the second dielectric board is an artificial magnetic conductor surface, and the artificial magnetic conductor surface is 64 circular copper sheets arranged periodically.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third dielectric plates are F4B high frequency dielectric plates.
4. A low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna array, comprising four antenna elements according to claim 1, wherein the four antenna elements are arranged in a straight line, the four antenna elements are powered by a differential feed network, the differential feed network is composed of two one-to-eight differential feed structures, and each differential feed structure is composed of seven T-type power dividers and eight phase shifters.
5. The low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized slot antenna array according to claim 4, wherein the four antenna elements share a reflective floor and an artificial magnetic conductor structure.
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| CN110504535B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | Yagi end-fire array antenna with dual-polarized cylindrical conformal microstrip magnetic oscillator |
| CN110534890B (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2020-11-27 | 电子科技大学 | Low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna |
| CN112701497B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-09-17 | 北京邮电大学 | Low-profile shared-aperture dual-circular-polarization orbital angular momentum state multiplexing antenna |
| CN114374092B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-12-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-profile miniaturized AMC cavity monopole antenna |
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| 波导缝隙阵列天线与印刷缝隙单元天线研究;胡伟;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）》;20140131;全文 * |
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