CN218300238U - Millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna - Google Patents
Millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN218300238U CN218300238U CN202222247185.9U CN202222247185U CN218300238U CN 218300238 U CN218300238 U CN 218300238U CN 202222247185 U CN202222247185 U CN 202222247185U CN 218300238 U CN218300238 U CN 218300238U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave relates to the antenna technology field for communication. The antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, each antenna unit comprises a dielectric layer, a first metal layer is formed on the upper surface of each dielectric layer, a second metal layer is formed on the lower surface of each dielectric layer, and the first metal layers and the second metal layers are interconnected through metallized through holes in a dielectric plate; the first metal layer comprises a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure, the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure comprises four fan-shaped electric dipole patches arranged in a circumferential mode, and a fishbone-shaped patch structure is formed at the end of each electric dipole patch. The antenna has low loss and small volume, and can realize 360-degree phase full coverage.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna technical field for the communication especially relates to a miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave.
Background
Reflectarray antennas, which are representative of the family of spatially fed antennas, have received extensive research attention and extensive research in the past few decades. The fact that the spatially fed antenna no longer requires a complex feed network associated with a phased array makes the design and implementation of a reflect array much easier and less time consuming. Furthermore, the use of printed circuit board technology and the utility model of microstrip phasing elements makes the designed reflectarray antenna more cost effective and easy to manufacture. Based on the advantages, the reflective array antenna has wide research value and application value.
Circularly polarized antennas can be used to achieve polarization diversity and to prevent signal loss due to possible misalignment between two linearly polarized transmit and receive antennas. Methods for generating far-field circularly polarized radiation by a reflectarray antenna can be divided into two broad categories. The first method uses variable size cells or cells with variable length delay lines to adjust the phase of the reflected circularly polarized wave. Another approach is the cell rotation approach, which is relatively simple and is the most practical approach to designing circularly polarized reflectarrays. The development of microfabrication technology has greatly reduced the size of various components in wireless communication systems, but miniaturization of antenna size is still challenging. Common wireless communication standards such as Wi-Fi, wiMAX, etc. often have a frequency range between 700MHz and 6GHz, and conventional antenna sizes are one-half wavelength, so that the antenna sizes for lower band operation in these communication standards are relatively large. In addition, the miniaturization of the antenna can effectively reduce the cost of production raw materials for manufacturers. Therefore, the research on the miniaturized antenna has very important significance for the development of wireless communication.
Currently, with the increasing shortage of microwave spectrum resources in the frequency band below 6GHz, millimeter wave spectrum resources in the range from 30GHz to 300GHz have attracted more and more attention in the global range. The rich spectrum resources contained in the millimeter wave frequency band not only can effectively solve the problem of the shortage of spectrum resources in the current wireless communication system, but also can enable the wireless communication technology with ultrahigh speed to become possible. In view of practical application scenarios, the design of millimeter wave array antennas with broadband characteristics, circular polarization characteristics, and miniaturization characteristics is becoming a difficult point to be solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem how to provide a miniaturized circular polarized reflective array antenna of millimeter wave that the loss is low, small, can realize 360 phase place full coverages.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is: the utility model provides a miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a dielectric layer, a first metal layer is formed on the upper surface of each dielectric layer, a second metal layer is formed on the lower surface of each dielectric layer, and the first metal layers and the second metal layers are interconnected through metallized through holes in the dielectric layers; the first metal layer comprises a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure, the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure comprises four fan-shaped electric dipole patches arranged in the circumferential direction, a fishbone-shaped patch structure is formed at the end of each electric dipole patch, the fishbone-shaped patch structure comprises a first metal strip and a plurality of second metal strips, one end of the first metal strip is connected with the inner side end of the corresponding fan-shaped electric dipole patch, the other end of the first metal strip is connected with a square patch at the center of the circle of the first metal layer, and the length of each second metal strip is gradually reduced from outside to inside and is vertically connected with the first metal strip; adding a square patch at the center of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure for reducing the variation of mutual coupling and maintaining stable unit performance when the unit rotates; the metal holes are 4 groups of cylindrical metal connecting rods and are used for connecting the first metal layer and the second metal layer, so that the reflection amplitude is improved, and the phase shift range of the reflection array unit is expanded.
Preferably, the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure is formed by an etching process.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the fan-shaped electric dipole patches are arranged in an asymmetric cross shape.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the square grooves are respectively etched on the arm lengths in the x direction and the y direction of the cross-shaped fan-shaped electric dipole structure to construct a fishbone-shaped structure, so that the current path on the surface of the electric dipole structure is changed, and the miniaturization is realized.
Preferably, the dielectric constant epsilon of 0.50 mm is used as the thickness of the dielectric layer r F4B220 of 2.2.
Preferably, the size of the antenna unit is 0.3 lambda 0 ×0.3λ 0 ×0.15λ 0 。
The further technical scheme is as follows: the X-direction arm length and the Y-direction arm length of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure are adjusted to control the reflection phase of two orthogonal linear polarization incidence, a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated and does not change along with the frequency, and the central angles of the fan-shaped electric dipole patches in the X direction and the Y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure are 67 degrees.
Preferably, the frequency band range of the-1 dB return loss of the antenna unit is 86.6GHz-110.0GHz, and the maximum loss of the reflection amplitude of the antenna unit is-0.84 dB.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the antenna unit in the array antenna of the utility model adopts an asymmetrical cross fan-shaped dual-polarized electric dipole structure to control the reflection phase of two orthogonal linear polarizations, generates a phase difference of 180 degrees, realizes circular polarization radiation which does not change along with frequency in a millimeter wave frequency band, and has a non-variable frequency characteristic; the metal hole is adopted to connect the upper layer metal sheet and the lower layer metal sheet, so that the reflection amplitude is increased, the loss is reduced, and the characteristic of low loss is realized; the slotted fishbone-shaped structure changes the current path on the surface of the dipole structure, and realizes miniaturization; the geometric center of the unit is taken as an origin, and the phase modulation is realized by rotating different angles, so that the 360-degree phase full coverage is realized;
drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an exploded structure of an antenna unit in the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the reflection phase with the rotation angle of the antenna unit in left-handed circular polarized incidence according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflection amplitude and the incident angle and the rotation angle of the antenna unit according to the present invention under left-handed circular polarized incidence;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the axial ratio variation of circular polarized waves in the working frequency band of the antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a feed structure of the array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6a is a schematic side view of the array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6b is a schematic top view of the array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an E-plane radiation pattern of the array antenna of the present invention at 90.0 GHz frequency point;
fig. 8 is an H-plane radiation pattern of the array antenna of the present invention at 90.0 GHz frequency point;
wherein: 1. a first metal layer; 2. a dielectric layer; 3. a metallized through-hole; 4. a second metal layer; 5. a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure; 6. a fishbone patch structure; 61. a first metal strip; 62. a second metal strip; 7. a square patch.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from the specific details set forth herein, and one skilled in the art may similarly generalize the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The embodiment of the utility model discloses miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave based on fishbone shape magnetoelectric dipole, including a plurality of antenna element, as shown in fig. 1, antenna element includes dielectric layer 2, the upper surface of dielectric layer 2 is formed with first metal level 1, the lower surface of dielectric layer 2 is formed with second metal level 4, interconnect through the metallization through-hole 3 that is located dielectric layer 2 between first metal level 1 and the second metal level 4; further, as shown in fig. 1, the first metal layer 1 includes a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5, the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 includes four fan-shaped electric dipole patches arranged in a circumferential manner, a fishbone-shaped patch structure 6 is formed at an end of each electric dipole patch, the fishbone-shaped patch structure 6 includes a first metal strip 61 and a plurality of second metal strips 62, one end of the first metal strip 61 is connected with an inner end of the corresponding fan-shaped electric dipole patch, the other end of the first metal strip 61 is connected with a square patch 7 at the center of the first metal layer, and the length of each second metal strip 62 is gradually reduced from outside to inside and is vertically connected with the first metal strip 61.
The first metal layer 1 is composed of a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 with a square groove etched and a square patch 7, and the figure 1 is shown; the proposed first metal layer 1 is horizontally placed along the xoy plane and is in an asymmetric cross fan-shaped structure; the two arm lengths of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 are adjusted to control the reflection phases of two orthogonal linear polarizations, so that a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated and does not change along with the frequency; etching 5 square grooves on the arm lengths of the X direction and the Y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 respectively to construct a fishbone structure, so that a current path on the surface of the electric dipole structure is changed, and miniaturization is realized; adding a square patch 7 at the center of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 to reduce the variation of mutual coupling and maintain stable unit performance when the unit rotates;
in this example, the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structures 5 are connected by the square patches 7 at the center of the circle, and the length and the width of each square patch 7 are both 0.03 mm, which ensures the stability of the structure; by adjusting the arm lengths of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 in the x direction and the y direction, the arm lengths in the two directions are respectively 0.39 mm and 0.46 mm, the two-direction electric dipole structure can be used for controlling the reflection phases of two orthogonal linear polarization incidence, a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated, and the phase difference does not change along with the frequency, and the central angles of the x direction and the y direction of the arm lengths in the x direction and the y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5 are both 67 degrees; 5 pairs of etched square grooves are introduced into the arm length in the x direction and the y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure 5, the flow path of current on the surface of the electric dipole structure is increased through a slotting structure, so that the miniaturization of the structure is realized, the length and the width of each square groove are respectively 0.02 mm and 0.01 mm, and the distance between every pair of etched square grooves is 0.01 mm;
in this example, the dielectric layer thickness is selected to be 0.15 wavelength, i.e., 0.50 mm, and the dielectric layer is selected to be F4B220 with a dielectric constant ε r of 2.2;
the metallized through holes 3 are a group of cylindrical metal connecting rods with the diameter of 0.02 mm and the height of 0.50 mm, are distributed in the dielectric layer 2 and are connected with the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 4; by introducing pairs of metallized vias 3 in the x-direction and the y-direction 1 in the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 4, respectively, the current distribution on the first metal layer 1 is changed. The introduction of the metal hole 3 can improve the reflection amplitude and enlarge the phase shift range of the reflection array unit; the second metal layer 4 acts as a metal ground to ensure complete reflection of energy; in the example, the length and width of the second metal layer 4 is taken to be 0.30 wavelength, i.e. 1.00 mm.
Fig. 2 is a reflection phase curve diagram of the antenna unit according to the present invention under the left-handed circular polarization incidence at the 90.0 GHz frequency point. The simulation result verifies that the millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna unit based on the fishbone-shaped magnetoelectric dipole has the 360-degree phase full-coverage characteristic and the broadband characteristic;
fig. 3 is a graph of reflection amplitude of the antenna unit in the case of left-handed circular polarization incidence at 90.0 GHz frequency point. It can be seen that the reflection amplitudes of the units have better goodness of fit under the condition that the incident angles of the units are 0 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees in sequence, and the reflection amplitudes of the units are in the range of 0-180 degrees of rotation of the units, so that the units have good stability, and therefore, the simulation result verifies that the millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna unit based on the fishbone-shaped magnetoelectric dipoles has good characteristics of insensitivity to the incident angles and the rotation angles;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio variation of circular polarized waves in the working frequency band of the antenna unit of the present invention. The axial ratio bandwidth of the reflective array unit provided by the utility model is less than 3 dB in the frequency band range of 65.6 GHz-91.7 GHz, the circular polarization degree is high, and the axial ratio bandwidth of 3 dB is 29%;
fig. 5 is a structure diagram of a conical horn antenna in the antenna of the present invention, which is composed of a circular waveguide and a horn-structured waveguide, and the gradually opened transition section can ensure the good matching between the waveguide and the space, and can obtain a larger caliber size to enhance the radiation directivity; the feed source is left-handed circularly polarized excitation; the diameter of the circular waveguide is D1 = 1.00 mm, and the length is L1 = 2.00 mm; the elevation angle of the horn-structured waveguide is 25 degrees, and the length of the horn-structured waveguide is L2 = 2.50 mm;
fig. 6a-6b are schematic diagrams of reflective array antennas according to the present invention. Fig. 6a is a side view of a 28 × 28 unit array antenna structure, in order to reduce the shielding effect of the feed source, the feed source of the rectangular horn antenna is placed in a 20 ° offset manner, the focal length of the feed source is F = 25.0 mm, the aperture of the array antenna is D = 28.0 mm, and the focal length ratio (F/D) is 0.89; fig. 6b is a top view of a 28 × 28 element array antenna structure, the aperture plane of the proposed 28 × 28 element array antenna is composed of 28 × 28 elements, the element spacing is 0.3 λ 0, the elements in the box are the elements shielded by the feed source, and the shielding rate of the antenna is 1.79%. In order to obtain a high-gain focused light beam, according to an array theory, the unit rotates by different angles around a geometric center to obtain different circularly polarized reflection phases, and the phase delay generated by the space feed source and the phase delay in the emergent direction are compensated;
fig. 7 is the antenna of the present invention has an E-plane left-handed circularly polarized radiation pattern at 90.0 GHz frequency point. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna based on the fishbone-shaped magnetoelectric dipole has a good gain directional diagram at a working frequency point, and the half-power beam width is 7.0 degrees;
fig. 8 is the array antenna of the present invention has an H-plane left-handed circularly polarized radiation pattern at 90.0 GHz frequency point. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna based on the fishbone-shaped magnetoelectric dipole has a good gain directional diagram at a working frequency point, and the half-power beam width is 7.0 degrees;
therefore, the utility model discloses miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave based on fish bone shape magnetoelectric dipole has 360 phase place all standing, broadband, miniaturized characteristics.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized circular polarization reflective array antenna of millimeter wave which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a dielectric layer (2), a first metal layer (1) is formed on the upper surface of each dielectric layer (2), a second metal layer (4) is formed on the lower surface of each dielectric layer (2), and the first metal layers (1) and the second metal layers (4) are interconnected through metallized through holes (3) in the dielectric layers (2); the first metal layer (1) comprises a cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5), the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) comprises four fan-shaped electric dipole patches arranged in the circumferential direction, a fishbone-shaped patch structure (6) is formed at the end of each electric dipole patch, each fishbone-shaped patch structure (6) comprises a first metal strip (61) and a plurality of second metal strips (62), one end of each first metal strip (61) is connected with the inner end of the corresponding fan-shaped electric dipole patch, the other end of each first metal strip (61) is connected with a square patch (7) at the center of the circle of the first metal layer, and the length of each second metal strip (62) is gradually reduced from outside to inside and is vertically connected with the first metal strip (61); 5 square grooves are respectively etched on the arm lengths of the X direction and the Y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) to construct the fishbone patch structure (6), so that the current path on the surface of the electric dipole structure is changed, and miniaturization is realized; a square patch (7) is added at the center of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) for reducing the variation of mutual coupling and keeping stable unit performance when the unit rotates.
2. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) is formed through an etching process.
3. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the fan-shaped electric dipole patches are arranged in an asymmetric cross shape.
4. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the metallized through holes (3) are 4 groups of cylindrical metal connecting rods and are used for connecting the first metal layer (1) and the second metal layer (4), so that the reflection amplitude is improved, and the phase shift range of the reflection array unit is expanded.
5. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric layer (2) has a dielectric constant epsilon of 0.50 mm r F4B220 of 2.2.
6. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the size of the antenna unit is 0.3 lambda 0 ×0.3λ 0 ×0.15λ 0 。
7. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the x-direction arm length and the y-direction arm length of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) are adjusted to control the reflection phase of two orthogonal linear polarization incidence, a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated and does not change along with the frequency, and the central angles of the fan-shaped electric dipole patches in the x direction and the y direction of the cross fan-shaped electric dipole structure (5) are 67 degrees.
8. The millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the frequency band range of the-1 dB return loss of the antenna unit is 86.6GHz-110.0GHz, and the maximum loss of the reflection amplitude of the antenna unit is-0.84 dB.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222247185.9U CN218300238U (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna |
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| CN202222247185.9U CN218300238U (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Millimeter wave miniaturized circularly polarized reflective array antenna |
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